Common Bile Duct Obstruction Due to a Large Stone at the Duodenal Stump / 대한소화기학회지

Enterolith is a rare complication of Billroth II gastrectomy. Most enterolith cases have been reported in association with diverticula, tuberculosis, and Crohn's disease. We report the case of a huge enterolith that developed in the duodenal stump following common bile duct obstruction and cholangitis, necessitating surgery. The enterolith was clearly visible on the abdominal computed tomography. It was removed through a duodenotomy. The surgery was successful without any significant complications.

Enterolito de sulfato de bario en una paciente con malformación anorrectal. Notas sobre el colostograma distal apropiado / Barium sulfate enterolith in a patient with anorectal malformation. Remarks on the appropriate distal colostogram

Resumen: Presentación del caso: Paciente femenino de 2 años de edad con malformación Anorrectal y fístula rectovestibular a quién se realizó colostograma distal con sulfato de bario provocando concreción lítica de bario en el fondo de saco del colon distal al no enjuagar el contenido. Ante la imposibilidad de retirar el enterolito a través del estoma disfuncional de la derivación intestinal decidimos realizar la extracción al momento de hacer la anorrectoplastía sagital posterior con riesgo aumentado de infección, dehiscencia de herida y lesión de estructuras adyacentes. Enfatizamos la necesidad de recordar a la comunidad médica radiológica y pediátrica de la adecuada realización de este tipo de estudios siempre con medio de contraste hidrosoluble, y aprovechamos para recapitular la técnica de realización del mismo.

Abstract: Case presentation: 2 year-old female patient with anorectal malformation with recto-vestibular fistula to whom a distal colostogram with barium sulfate was done, thus provoking lithic concretion in the distal sac. Since it was deemed impossible to extract the enterolith trough de distal stoma we decided to perform the anorectoplasty and extract the lit at that moment knowing the increased surgical risks such as infection, dehiscence and damage of adjacent structures. We stress the need to remind the radiological and pediatric medical communities to always perform this kind of imaging studies with water-soluble contrast agents and we also annotate the technique for doing so.

Lemmel's Syndrome, an Unusual Cause of Abdominal Pain and Jaundice by Impacted Intradiverticular Enterolith: Case Report

Duodenal diverticula are detected in up to 27% of patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract evaluation with periampullary diverticula (PAD) being the most common type. Although PAD usually do not cause symptoms, it can serve as a source of obstructive jaundice even when choledocholithiasis or tumor is not present. This duodenal diverticulum obstructive jaundice syndrome is called Lemmel's syndrome. An 81-yr-old woman came to the emergency room with obstructive jaundice and cholangitis. Abdominal CT scan revealed stony opacity on distal CBD with CBD dilatation. ERCP was performed to remove the stone. However, the stone was not located in the CBD but rather inside the PAD. After removal of the enterolith within the PAD, all her symptoms resolved. Recognition of this condition is important since misdiagnosis could lead to mismanagement and therapeutic delay. Lemmel's syndrome should always be included as one of the differential diagnosis of obstructive jaundice when PAD are present.

Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy of an Impacted Enterolith Causing Acute Afferent Loop Syndrome

Afferent loop syndrome caused by an impacted enterolith is very rare, and endoscopic removal of the enterolith may be difficult if a stricture is present or the normal anatomy has been altered. Electrohydraulic lithotripsy is commonly used for endoscopic fragmentation of biliary and pancreatic duct stones. A 64-year-old man who had undergone subtotal gastrectomy and gastrojejunostomy presented with acute, severe abdominal pain for a duration of 2 hours. Initially, he was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis because of an elevated amylase level and pain, but was finally diagnosed with acute afferent loop syndrome when an impacted enterolith was identified by computed tomography. We successfully removed the enterolith using direct electrohydraulic lithotripsy conducted using a transparent cap-fitted endoscope without complications. We found that this procedure was therapeutically beneficial.