Evaluación de los indicadores demográficos de Pocillopora (Scleractinia: Pocilloporidae) en sitios insulares vs. costeros: implicaciones para un programa de restauración regional

Introducción: El mantenimiento de las comunidades coralinas depende directamente de la capacidad de los individuos para crecer como colonia. Dado que el crecimiento forma la base de la estructura física del arrecife, determinar la tasa de crecimiento de las especies de corales constructores y su respuesta a las variaciones ambientales nos permitirá identificar su potencial particular para implementar estrategias de restauración más efectivas. Objetivo: Determinar la tasa de crecimiento del coral constructor de arrecifes Pocillopora en todo el Pacífico Central Mexicano (PCM) y su relación con las fluctuaciones en las condiciones ambientales. Métodos: De agosto de 2019 a octubre de 2020, se monitorearon y trasplantaron un total de 153 fragmentos de coral ramificado del género Pocillopora como parte del programa de restauración en diferentes sitios de la PCM: Parque Nacional Islas Marietas y en la Caleta de Cuastecomates. Se calculó el crecimiento del coral (cm·año-1) y sobrevivencia (%), y se correlacionó con la temperatura, PAR y Kd490 para cada localidad. Resultados: Patrones similares en los parámetros examinados entre los fragmentos de coral fueron encontrados para todos los sitios, con un rango de sobrevivencia de 61.6 - 68 %, cuya mortalidad estuvo relacionada principalmente con huracanes y tormentas que afectaron la región. Sin embargo, la tasa de crecimiento oscila entre 2.0 - 8.0 cm·año-1, sin diferencias significativas entre localidades. Además, no se registraron diferencias en las condiciones ambientales entre las localidades. Conclusiones: Los corales ramificados del género Pocillopora presentan una tasa de crecimiento similar en sitios insulares y costeros de la PCM, por lo que se podría esperar que la implementación de un programa de restauración en toda esta región del Pacífico Mexicano sería potencialmente exitoso, ya que, las condiciones ambientales locales no son factores limitantes.

Introduction: The maintenance of the coral communities depends directly on the capacity of the individuals to grow as a whole colony. Since growth shapes the basis of the physical structure of the reef, determining the growth rate of builder coral-species and their response to environmental variations will allow us to identify their particular potential to implement more effective restoration strategies. Objective: To determine the growth rate of the reef-building coral Pocillopora throughout the Mexican Central Pacific (PCM) and its relationship with fluctuations in environmental conditions. Methods: From August 2019 - October 2020, a total of 153 branched coral fragments of the genus Pocillopora were monitored and transplanted as part of the restoration program in different PCM locations: Islas Marietas National Park and in the Caleta de Cuastecomates. Coral growth (cm·year-1) and survival rate (%), was calculated and correlated with temperature, PAR and Kd490 for each locality. Results: The results show similar patterns in the parameters examined among the coral fragments were found for all sites, with a survival range of 61.6 - 68 %, whose mortality was mainly related to hurricanes and storms that affected the region. However, growth rate range from 2.0 - 8.0 cm·year-1, with no significant differences between locations. Also, no differences in environmental conditions between locations were recorded. Conclusions: The branching corals of the genus Pocillopora present a similar growth rate in insular and coastal sites of the PCM, so it could be expected that the implementation of a restoration program throughout this region of the Mexican Pacific would be potentially successful, since local environmental conditions are not limiting factors.

Establishment and evaluation of the polygenic disease risk prediction model / 上海预防医学

To establish a disease risk prediction model based on genetic susceptibility genes and environmental risk factors， which can target high-risk population as early as possible， and intervene in the environmental risk factors in this population. Moreover， accurate screening of genetically susceptible populations can enhance the efficiency of health system. In recent years， with the maturation and cost reduction of high-throughput gene testing， gene testing has been widely used in individual clinical decision-making and will play a more important role in medical and health decision-making. The correlation between genetic testing and disease risk prediction is increasing， making it a prominent research topic in this field. This review summarizes the approaches for establishing and evaluating risk prediction models and discusses potential future challenges and opportunities.

Exploring the mechanism of neurological damage by environmental factors and targeted preventive interventions / 环境与职业医学

Nervous system is the most important system of human body. More and more neurotoxic chemicals are found to inflict effects on nervous system, causing cognitive impairment. In this overview, the neurotoxic effects of environmental factors and their relationship with neurodegenerative diseases are briefly introduced. Further, aiming at the damage to the nervous system caused by metals such as aluminum, manganese, and iron, this special column attempted to evaluate the damage degree by combining objective imaging and cognitive scales and to explore the mechanism of toxicity (including neurotransmitter secretion disorders and tau protein hyperphosphorylation) by in vitro experiments. These papers also introduced intervention studies using hydrogen-rich water to target the damage of ionizing radiation to the nervous system and discussed the intervention mechanism as modulating the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/Caspase-9 pathway, and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway.

Prediction of potential suitable habitats of Haemphysalis concinna in Heilongjiang Province based on the maximum entropy model / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To predict the potential suitable habitat of Haemaphysalis concinna in Heilongjiang Province under different climatic scenarios. Methods The geographic locations of ticks in Heilongjiang Province from 1980 to 2022 were captured from literature review and field ticks monitoring data from Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Heilongjiang Province, and the tick distribution sites with spatial correlations were removed using the software ArcGIS 10.2. The environment data under historical climatic scenarios from 1970 to 2000 and the climatic shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) 126 scenario model from 2021 to 2040 and from 2041 to 2060 were downloaded from the WorldClim website, and the elevation (1 km, 2010), population (1 km grid population dataset of China, 2010) and annual vegetation index (1 km, 2010) data were downloaded from the Resource and Environmental Science and Data Center, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The contribution of environmental factors to H. concinna distribution was evaluated and environmental variables were screened using the software MaxEnt 3.4.1 and R package 4.1.0, and the areas of suitable habitats of H. concinna and changes in center of gravity were analyzed using the maximum entropy model in Heilongjiang Province under different climatic scenarios. In addition, the accuracy of the maximum entropy model for prediction of H. concinna distribution was assessed using the area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results A total of 79 H. concinna distribution sites and 24 environmental variables were collected, and 70 H. concinna distribution sites and 9 environmental factors that contributed to distribution of the potential suitable habitats of H. concinna in Heilongjiang Province were screened. The three most significant contributing factors included precipitation seasonality, annual precipitation, and mean temperature of the driest quarter, with cumulative contributions of 60.7%. The total area of suitable habitats of H. concinna was 29.05 × 104 km2 in Heilongjiang Province under historical climatic scenarios, with the center of gravity of suitable habitats located at (47.31° N, 129.16° E), while the total area of suitable habitats of H. concinna reduced by 0.97 × 104 km2 in Heilongjiang Province under the climatic SSP126 scenario from 2041 to 2060, with the center of gravity shifting to (47.70° N, 129.28° E). Conclusions The distribution of suitable habitats of H. concinna strongly correlates with temperature and humidity in Heilongjiang Province. The total area of potential suitable habitats of H. concinna may appear a tendency towards a decline with climatic changes in Heilongjiang Province, and high-, medium- and low-suitable habitats may shift.

Environmental Factors of Commuting Accidents among Firefighter Drivers in Peninsular Malaysia: A Case study

Introduction@#Commuting accidents (CAs) caused significant detrimental impacts on the Fire and Rescue Department of Malaysia (FRDM). Therefore, this study aims to identify factors of CA by mainly focusing on environmental factors@*Methodology@#The qualitative data was obtained from FRDM accident investigation reports from five states (Kedah, Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Negeri Sembilan and Johor) between 2017-2021. The data were analysed using content analysis.@*Results@#Four environmental factors that contribute to CA were identified. The factors were environmental conditions (rainfall, strong wind, light glare, and insufficient lighting), time (twilight and night time), road physical conditions (hilly road, curvy, steep, and narrow road, weak manhole cover, soft ground, wet and slippery road), and road environment (traffic congestion and sudden animal crossing)@*Conclusion@#These findings provide environment-related hazards input for risk assessment and management of CA in FRDM, as well as valuable information for future research. Therefore, it has the potential to improve road safety for firefighters, the general public, and animals

Evaluación de una estrategia de intervención comunitaria para reducir el dengue / Evaluation of a community interventional strategy to reduce dengue

RESUMEN Introducción: la intervención para el control del Aedes aegypti con la participación comunitaria e intersectorialidad, es un elemento clave en la lucha contra el dengue y un poderoso instrumento para la reducción de las arbovirosis. Objetivo: diseñar una estrategia de intervención comunitaria para reducir el dengue, en el Policlínico Comunitario Guillermo Tejas Silva, del municipio Las Tunas. Materiales y métodos: se diseñó una estrategia de intervención para reducir los índices de infestación por Aedes aegypti, en el Policlínico Comunitario Guillermo Tejas Silva, en el período de enero a diciembre de 2019. El universo estuvo constituido por 357 manzanas, de las que se seleccionó una muestra de 47, evaluadas de alto riesgo. En el diseño de la estrategia se combinaron los siguientes componentes educativos y técnicos: vigilancia, tratamiento focal, perifocal y adulticida. Se realizó de forma simultánea un tratamiento comunitario e intersectorial de los riesgos. Resultados: con la aplicación de la estrategia de intervención se capacitaron el 100 % del personal de salud, los dúos focales y el 97 % de la población. Además, se redujo el índice de infestación del 2 al 0,07 % y los riesgos en un 86,2 %. De 47 manzanas en el estrato I, se redujeron a siete, y la ocurrencia de dengue a 0. Conclusiones: la aplicación de la estrategia logró factibilidad del empoderamiento comunitario en el control del dengue, con cambios en el ordenamiento del medio, aumento del nivel de conocimiento y reducción del índice de infestación.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the intervention to control Aedes aegypti, with intersectoral and population involvement, is a key element in the struggle with dengue and a powerful instrument to reduce arboviruses. Objective: to design a community interventional strategy to reduce dengue in the Community Policlinic Guillermo Tejas Silva, of the municipality Las Tunas. Materials and methods: an interventional strategy was designed to reduce the infestation indexes of Aedes aegypti in the Community Policlinic Guillermo Tejas Silva, in the period from January to December 2019. The universe was formed by 357 blocks from which 47, evaluated as highly risky, were chosen as a sample. In the design of the strategy, the following educational and technical components were combined: surveillance; focal, perifocal and adulticidal treatment. Simultaneously, a community and intersectoral treatment was carried out. Results: with the application of the interventional strategy, 100 % of the health care staff and focal duos, and 97 % of the population were trained. Besides that the infestation index was reduced from 2 % to 0.07 % and the risk in 86.2 %. The 47 blocks that were in the stratus I, were reduced to 7, and dengue occurrence to 0. Conclusions: the application of the strategy led to the community empowerment in the control of dengue, with changes in the environmental management, increment in the level of knowledge, and reduction of the infestation index.

Review on environmental-social factors and social driving process model construction of infectious diarrhea affected by rainstorm and flood / 环境与职业医学

Infectious diarrhea is an important public health problem, which has a significant impact on global disease burden. Under the background of climate change, rainstorms increase and floods occur frequently. Most studies show that the incidences of infectious diarrhea disease increase significantly after rainstorm and flood events. However, there is a lack of systematic summary on the path of rainstorm and flood events affecting the incidence of infectious diarrhea, including the key links and mechanisms underlying environmental-social interaction. This study comprehensively combed the literature from environmental factors, socio-economic and cultural factors, and population and individual susceptibility factors. The potential mechanisms of infectious diarrhea caused by rainstorm and flood events were discussed from the aspects of spreading of pathogens, affecting sanitation facilities and (or) drinking water treatment infrastructure, the regulatory role of individual and behavioral factors, and long-term effects. Based on the "pressure-state-response" model, a social driving process model of rainstorm and flood leading to incidence of infectious diarrhea was constructed. This model could provide reference for future quantitative modeling and other research directions. It is helpful to guide the public health departments to accurately identify factors affecting the incidence of infectious diarrhea after rainstorm and flood, so as to take targeted intervention measures.

Research progress on influence of environmental and meteorological parameters on transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 / 环境与职业医学

Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-COV-2) is spreading rapidly around the world and has become a global pandemic. Meteorological factors have been recognized as one of the critical factors that influence the epidemiology and transmission of infectious diseases. In this context, the World Meteorological Organization and scholars at home and abroad have paid extensive attention to the relationships of environment and meteorology with COVID-19. This paper systematically collected and sorted out relevant domestic and foreign studies, and reviewed the latest research progress on the impact of environmental and meteorological factors on COVID-19, classifying them into typical meteorological factors (such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed), local environmental factors (such as indoor enclosed environment, ventilation, disinfection, and air conditioning), and air pollution. Current research evidence suggests that typical meteorological factors, local environmental factors, and air pollutants are closely related to the transmission of COVID-19. However, the results of different studies are still divergent due to uncertainty about the influencing mechanism, and differences in research areas and methods. This review elucidated the importance of environmental and meteorological factors to the spread of COVID-19, and provided useful implications for the control of further large-scale transmission of COVID-19 and the development of prevention and control strategies under different environmental and meteorological conditions.

Influencing factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among assembly workers in four manufacturing enterprises / 环境与职业医学

Background The prevalence rate of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among manufacturing workers is relatively high and has been widely concerned. However, research on the prevalence and risk factors of multi-site WMSDs is still insufficient. Objective To explore the prevalence and risk factors of multi-site WMSDs of assembly workers in four manufacturing enterprises. Methods The "Chinese Musculoskeletal Questionnaire" was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey among 1401 assembly workers selected by convenient sampling in four manufacturing enterprises, and their demographic characteristics, the prevalence of WMSDs in various body parts, and the information about biomechanical factors, work organizations, work environment, and psychosocial factor exposure were collected. The prevalence of WMSDs and multi-site WMSDs were estimated, Pearson χ2 test was used for univariate analysis of multi-site WMSDs risk factors, and logistic regression was used for multi-factor analysis. Results The total prevalence rate of WMSDs was 54.9% (769/1 401). The top three affected sites were neck (41.4%), shoulders (30.7%), and wrist/hand (25.1%). The prevalence rate of multi-site WMSDs was 41.9% (587/1 401). The prevalence rates of multi-site WMSDs in railway vehicle assembly and riveting workers were higher than those in electronic parts processing and glass manufacturing workers (P<0.001). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that individual factors such as female (OR=2.09, 95%CI: 1.48−2.97) and drinking (OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.05−2.18), biomechanics factors such as keeping head down for a long time (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.22–1.53), keeping bending frequently (OR=1.18, 95%CI: 1.03–1.34), and keeping arms up for a long time (OR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.10–1.41), work organizational factors such as electronic parts processing, railway vehicle assembly, and riveting (OR values were 3.23, 5.70, and 13.83, respectively), environmental factors such as temperature a little cold (OR=4.84, 95%CI: 1.90–12.37), noise seriously affecting work (OR=2.25, 95%CI: 1.23–4.11), and psychosocial factors such as high job demands (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.04–2.08), fatigue after work (OR=1.92−2.61) were risk factors of multi-site WMSDs. Conclusion The prevalence rate of multi-site WMSDs in assembly workers is high, and the main influencing factors include individual factors, awkward work postures, environmental factors, and psychosocial factors.

Quality Regionalization of Angelica sinensis in Genuine Producing Area / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To study on the quality regionalization of <italic>Angelica sinensis</italic>，in order to guide the rational cultivation of <italic>A. sinensis</italic>. Method:Through visits and field surveys，a total of 857 batches of <italic>A. sinensis</italic> were collected from different counties of Dingxi，relevant geographic information such as longitude，latitude，altitude of each sampling point were obtained by using the global positioning system（GPS），the content of 8 indexes in <italic>A. sinensis </italic>was detected by UPLC， and based on national ecological environment factor data，the suitability analysis of the quality of <italic>A. sinensis</italic> was performed by using MaxEnt，ArcGIS，SPSS. Result:The suitable areas of <italic>A. sinens </italic>were concentrated in central and southern Dingxi. In the suitable areas，the content of ferulic acid，coniferyl ferulate，senkyunolide H decreased from south to north，the content of chlorogenic acid decreased from north to south，the content of senkyunolide A，senkyunolide I decreased from east to west，the distribution regularity of butenyl phthalide was not strong，the highest-content areas were in western Min county，Qingyuan town of Qingyuan county，Shangwan Township and Huichuan town. The content of ligustilide was consistent in the suitable area，and the highest content were in the middle of Weiyuan county and the northern Tongwei county. The results showed that it had a higher index components and comprehensive quality in Min county，Zhang county，southern Weiyuan county and northern Tongwei county. Conclusion:In this study，the quality suitability areas of <italic>A. sinensis</italic> in Dingxi were graded. The chemical components and the quality suitability zoning maps were generated. The findings could provide references for the comprehensive utilization of <italic>A. sinensis</italic>，the selection and construction of high-quality <italic>A. sinensis</italic> raw material base，and the scientific guidance for the production and regional development of <italic>A. sinensis</italic> in Dingxi.

Potential suitable habitats of Haemaphysalis longicornis in China under different climatic patterns / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the impact of environmental and climatic factors on the distribution of suitable habitats of Haemaphysalis longicornis, and to predict the potential distribution of H. longicornis under different climate patterns in China. Methods Data pertaining to the distribution of H. longicornis were retrieved from public literatures. The effects of 19 climatic factors (annual mean temperature, annual mean temperature difference between day and night, isothermality, standard deviation of seasonal variation of temperature, maximum temperature of the warmest month, minimum temperature of the coldest month, temperature annual range, mean temperature of the wettest season, mean temperature of the driest season, mean temperature of the warmest season, mean temperature of the coldest season, annual mean precipitation, precipitation of the wettest month, precipitation of the driest month, coefficient of variance of precipitation, precipitation of the wettest season, precipitation of the driest season, precipitation of the warmest season and precipitation of the coldest season) and 4 environmental factors (elevation, slope, slope aspect and vegetation coverage) on the potential distribution of H. longicornis were assessed using the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model based on the H. longicornis distribution data and climatic and environmental data, and the potential distribution of H. longicornis was predicted under the RCP 2.6 and 8.5 emissions scenarios. Results Among the environmental and climatic factors affecting the geographical distribution of H. longicornis in China, the factors contributing more than 10% to the distribution of H. longicornis mainly included the precipitation of the driest month (26.0%), annual mean temperature (11.2%), annual mean precipitation (10.0%) and elevation (24.2%). Under the current climate pattern, the high-, medium- and low-suitable habitats of H. longicornis are 1 231 900, 1 696 200 km2 and 1 854 400 km2 in China, respectively. The distribution of H. longicornis increased by 336 100 km2 and 367 300 km2 in 2050 and 2070 under the RCP 2.6 emissions scenario, and increased by 381 000 km2 and 358 000 km2 in 2050 and 2070 under the RCP 8.5 emissions scenario in China, respectively. Conclusions Climatic and environmental factors, such as precipitation, temperature and elevation, greatly affect the distribution of H. longicornis in China, and the suitable habitats of H. longicornis may expand in China under different climate patterns in future.

Environmental factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission: effect and role of indoor environmental quality in the strategy for COVID-19 infection control

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new zoonotic agent that emerged in December 2019, causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This infection can be spread by asymptomatic, presymptomatic, and symptomatic carriers. SARS-CoV-2 spreads primarily via respiratory droplets during close person-to-person contact in a closed space, especially a building. This article summarizes the environmental factors involved in SARS-CoV-2 transmission, including a strategy to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission in a building environment. SARS-CoV-2 can persist on surfaces of fomites for at least 3 days depending on the conditions. If SARS-CoV-2 is aerosolized intentionally, it is stable for at least several hours. SARS-CoV-2 is inactivated rapidly on surfaces with sunlight. Close-contact aerosol transmission through smaller aerosolized particles is likely to be combined with respiratory droplets and contact transmission in a confined, crowded, and poorly ventilated indoor environment, as suggested by some cluster cases. Although evidence of the effect of aerosol transmission is limited and uncertainty remains, adequate preventive measures to control indoor environmental quality are required, based on a precautionary approach, because COVID-19 has caused serious global damages to public health, community, and the social economy. The expert panel for COVID-19 in Japan has focused on the "3 Cs," namely, "closed spaces with poor ventilation," "crowded spaces with many people," and "close contact." In addition, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan has been recommending adequate ventilation in all closed spaces in accordance with the existing standards of the Law for Maintenance of Sanitation in Buildings as one of the initial political actions to prevent the spread of COVID-19. However, specific standards for indoor environmental quality control have not been recommended and many scientific uncertainties remain regarding the infection dynamics and mode of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in closed indoor spaces. Further research and evaluation are required regarding the effect and role of indoor environmental quality control, especially ventilation.

Pathogenic factors associated with tetralogy of Fallot / 国际儿科学杂志

Tetralogy of Fallot( TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease with patho-logical anatomy of ventricular septal defect,overriding aorta,pulmonary stenosis,and right ventricular hypertro-phy. At present,the success rate of surgical repair of TOF has been significantly improved,but there is risk of complications after surgery. The study of the pathogenesis of TOF is important for disease prevention and genetic counseling. The etiological mechanism of TOF is multifactorial. It has been reported that NKX2-5,Jagged-1,GA-TA-4,TBX1 are associated with TOF. Exposure during pregnancy,including harmful environmental exposure, diseases and infections,and lack of key nutritional factors can also increase the risk of morbidity. This article fo-cuses on the progress of research on pathogenic factors associated with TOF.

La promoción de salud para la creación de entornos saludables en América Latina y el Caribe / Health promotion for the creation of healthy environments in Latin America and the Caribbean

La promoción de estilos de vida saludables comprende la creación de ambientes favorables como una actividad clave en la salud pública, la reorientación de la atención sanitaria a la población para garantizar un desarrollo sostenible, la lucha contra las enfermedades infecciosas, la desnutrición y los factores ambientales desfavorables como la carencia de agua potable, saneamiento básico y seguridad alimentaria; la contaminación atmosférica por la industrialización, el calentamiento global y las conductas de riesgo como las adicciones, la obesidad y otras. En diversos países de América Latina y el Caribe se incumplen muchas de las acciones para lograr entornos saludables por no promoverse suficientemente la educación para la salud, de manera que se impone insistir una y otra vez sobre ello

The promotion of healthy lifestyles comprises the creation of favorable atmospheres as a key activity in the public health, reorientation of health care for the population to guarantee a sustainable development, fight against infectious diseases, malnutrition and unfavorable environmental factors as lack of drinkable water, basic cleaning up and alimentary security; pollution due to industrialization, global warming and risk behaviors as addictions, obesity and others. In several Latin American and Caribbean countries many of the actions to achieve healthy environments are not fulfilled because health education is not sufficiently promoted, so it is imperative to insist one time and another on this matter

Regionalization study of Dioscorea nipponica in Jilin province based on MaxEnt and ArcGIS / 中国中药杂志

At the urgent practical issue of resource protection and artificial cultivation area selection of Dioscorea nipponica, the dominant environmental factors affecting the distribution of D. nipponicain Jilin province were selected by field investigation and using the maximum information entropy model and geographic information technology. MaxEnt model study found that the standard deviation of seasonal variation of temperature, precipitation in October and other six environmental factors on the growth of D. nipponica are the greatest impacting factors. The range of suitability for the growth of D. nipponica was 4.612 08×10-6-0.544 31, and the regionalization study was divided into four parts: high fitness area, middle fitness area, low fitness area and unfavorable area. The high fitness area is concentrated in the central and southern areas of Jilin Province, using ArcGIS statistical environment factors in the appropriate area of the numerical situation. The results showed that the regionalization study of D. nipponica was basically the same as the actual situation. It is clear that the natural environment suitable for the growth of D. nipponica is also the basis for the protection of the resources and the selection of cultivated area.

Secular Trends for Diagnostic Motives and Environmental Risk Factors in Thyroid Cancer Using Questionnaire Survey

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We analyzed the clinicopathologic differences of thyroid cancer by diagnosis periods, diagnostic motives, residence history and clinical risk factors in thyroid cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Total 1599 thyroid cancer patients who answered the questionnaires about family history of thyroid cancer, residence history including duration of residence and location were enrolled from two hospitals, Seoul National University Hospital and National Cancer Center in Korea. Demographics and environmental information were collected via questionnaires and clinical data were reviewed via electronic medical records. RESULTS: More thyroid cancer has been diagnosed in 2011 to 2013 by screening test without specific symptom than before 1990. The size of cancer at diagnosis was significantly smaller and multifocal tumor was more frequently found in 2011 to 2013 than before 1990 as well. The tumors of obese or overweight patients tended to harbor extrathyroidal extension and lymph node metastasis than normal weight subjects with statistical significance. However, there were no differences in clinicopathologic characteristics according to residence and smoking history. CONCLUSION: In this study, there were some different clinicopathologic characteristics according to the diagnosis era, diagnostic motives, family history of thyroid cancer and body mass index.

Interaction of GNβ3 gene polymorphisms and environmental factors in susceptibility to major depressive disorder / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the association between GNβ3 gene and depression,and to investigate the interaction of gene-environment(negative life events and childhood trauma) and potential possible pathogenesis of depression.Methods The sample of peripheral blood was collected from Chinese Northern patients(n=500) and controls(n=500).Snapshot technique was used to detect the genotype frequency and allele frequency of GNβ3 rs5443 polymorphism in cases and controls.The genotype and allele frequencies were analyzed by Chi-square test,the interactions of gene-environment were analyzed by Logistic regression.Results GNβ3 rs5443 genotype and allele frequencies were observed between patients and controls (x2 =20.249,P＜0.01;x2 =4.803,P＜0.05).There were genotype CC 102 and 158,genotype CT 280 and 217,genotype TT 118 and 125;allele C 484 and 533,allele T 516 and 467 between patients and controls,respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that the interaction between rs5443 T+ and negative life events was associated with depression (P＜0.05,OR=1.957).In addition,individual carrying rs5443T+ genotypes and negative life events could increase risk of depression.Conclusion GNβ3 rs5443 is a possible susceptibility gene of depression.The interaction between rs5443 and negative life events is associated with depression.

Climate change impacts on yield of Cordyceps sinensis and research on yield prediction model of C. sinensis / 中国中药杂志

Cordyceps sinensis is a Chinese unique precious herbal material, its genuine producing areas covering Naqu, Changdu in Qinghai Tibet Plateau, Yushu in Qinghai province and other regions. In recent 10 years, C. sinensis resources is decreasing as a result of the blindly and excessively perennial dug. How to rationally protect, develop and utilize of the valuable resources of C. sinensis has been referred to an important field of research on C. sinensis. The ecological environment and climate change trend of Qinghai Tibet plateau happens prior to other regions, which means that the distribution and evolution of C. sinensis are more obvious and intense than those of the other populations. Based on RS (remote sensing)/GIS(geographic information system) technology, this paper utilized the relationship between the snowline elevation, the average temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours in harvest period (April and may) of C. sinensis and the actual production of C. sinensis to establish a weighted geometric mean model. The model's prediction accuracy can reach 82.16% at least in forecasting C. sinensis year yield in Naqu area in every early June. This study can provide basic datum and information for supporting the C. sinensis industry healthful, sustainable development.

Association between non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate and environmental factors in Ningxia / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and environmental factors in Ningxia population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This case-control study involved 453 NSCL/P patients and 452 normal newborns from Ningxia. A questionnaire focusing on various factors, including family history, pregnancy reaction, drug use during pregnancy, and infections, was used and responses were analyzed through Chi-square test and Logistic regression analysis with SPSS 16.0.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The constituent ratio of different types of NSCL/P was cleft lip∶cleft lip and palate∶cleft palate equal to 1︰2.02︰1.51. Logistic regression analysis revealed that abnormal pregnancy, infection, abortion, drugs, drinking, smoking, and living near factories likely increased the risk of NSCL/P (P<0.05). Single fetus, pregnancy-related nausea, vomiting, parents' moderate tastes, and eating soy foods and fruits decreased the risk of NSCL/P (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The incidence of NSCL/P should be reduced to enhance the conditions of women during pregnancy by maintaining a balanced diet and avoiding infections, abortion, drugs, and negative habits. 
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Harmful Environmental Factors Leading to Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, childhood-onset, neuropsychiatric disorder with an estimated prevalence of 2–7.6% in Korean children. Although the etiology of ADHD is not well understood, evidence from genetic factor and environmental factor studies suggests that ADHD results from a gene environmental interaction. In the current study, we reviewed the evidence for and clinical implications of the hypothetical roles of organophosphate pesticides, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, phthalate, bisphenol, polyfluoroalkyl chemicals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mercury, lead, arsenic, cadmium, manganese, tobacco, alcohol as harmful risk factors in the development of ADHD.