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1.
Oncología (Guayaquil) ; 33(3): [228-238], 2023.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1531943

RESUMO

Introducción:El síndrome de lisis tumoral (SLT) es una emergencia oncológica, que produce alteraciones en el metabolismo, causando manifestaciones clínicas y trastornos bioquímicos que ponen en peligro la vida del paciente.El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar las características clínicas, de laboratorio y tratamiento del SLT, en pacientes pediátricos onco-lógicos, del Instituto del Cáncer SOLCA-Cuenca, en el periodo 2010 ­2020.Materiales y métodos:En este estudio se identificó las características del SLT, en pacientes pediátricos oncológicos, del Instituto del Cáncer SOLCA-Cuenca, en el periodo 2010 ­2020, a través de un estudio de tipo descriptivo-observacional.Resultados:Seincluyó 463 historias clínicas, en el cual se obtuvo que el SLT tuvo una frecuen-cia del 5.61 %, con predominio del sexo masculino (57.7%) y con una edad media de 7 ± 1.29 años. La presentación clínica más observada fue la deshidratación con náusea, vómito y dia-rrea (57.7%). Las alteraciones de laboratorio más frecuentes fueron la hiperuricemia y la hi-pocalcemia, con un 76.9 %y un 73.1 %respectivamente. La Leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) fue el diagnósticooncológico con más casos (61.5 %). Los pilares del tratamiento fue-ron la hiperhidratación y el uso de alopurinol, utilizados en el 100% y un 80.8 %respectiva-mente.Conclusión:El SLT afectó más frecuentemente a varones, con diagnóstico de leucemia, ma-nifestaciones clínicas digestivas y alteraciones de laboratorio (hiperuricemia e hipocalcemia). El tratamiento empleado resultó eficaz y se basó en lo recomendado por la literatura médica


Introduction:Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncological emergency that results in meta-bolic alterations, causing clinical manifestations and biochemical disorders that endanger pa-tients' lives. The objective of the present study was to identify the clinical, laboratory, and treat-ment characteristics of TLSsin pediatric oncology patients at the SOLCA-Cuenca Cancer Ins-titute from 2010­2020.Materials and methods: In this study, the characteristics of TLS were identified in pediatric oncology patients at the SOLCA-Cuenca Cancer Institute from 2010 to 2020 through a des-criptive observational study.Results: A total of463 medical records were included. TLSs were associated witha frequency of 5.61%, with a predominance of males(57.7%) and a mean age of 7 ± 1.29 years. The most commonclinical presentation was dehydration with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea (57.7%). The most frequent laboratory alterations were hyperuricemia and hypocalcemia, with 76.9% and 73.1%,respectively. The oncological diagnosis was acutelymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in most patients(61.5%). The pillars of treatment were hyperhydration and allopurinol, used in 100% and 80.8%, respectively.Conclusion: TLSsmore frequently affectmen with a diagnosis of leukemia, digestive clinical manifestations, orlaboratory alterations (hyperuricemia and hypocalcemia). The treatment used was effective and based on what the medical literature recommended


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Doenças Sanguíneas e Linfáticas , Neoplasias
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 40(4): 927-932, 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405236

RESUMO

RESUMEN: La Bioimpedancia Eléctrica (BIA), al ser una técnica no invasiva pero de elevada precisión, se ha convertido en la actualidad en una herramienta valiosa para determinar la composición corporal en militares, facilitado el control de las distintas variables que se asocian a cada especialidad. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir el perfil de composición corporal en militares de elite al momento de finalizar un curso de especialización. Participaron 11 militares con un rango de edad entre 22 y 29 años. Se evalúo la composición corporal a través de BIA, inmediatamente después de finalizado un curso de especialización para militares de élite. Las evaluaciones en los militares sobre las variables de la composición corporal a través de BIA mostraron: peso corporal de 84,3 ± 4,52 kg, talla 1,78 ± 0,06 m, índice de masa corporal (IMC) 26,5 ± 1,09, tejido adiposo de 13,7 ± 3,65 %, tejido muscular 49,5 ± 2,34 %, masa libre de grasa 72,7 ± 5,23 kg y 53,2 ± 3,78 l de agua corporal total. Conclusiones: Los militares de elite presentaron elevados niveles de masa libre de grasa, tejido muscular y bajos niveles de tejido adiposo lo que favorece el desarrollo de las actividades militares especializadas y disminuye el riesgo de lesiones. Los datos aquí recogidos sirven como marco de referencia para futuros estudios.


SUMMARY: Electrical bioimpedance (BIA), being a non- invasive technique but with high precision, has become a valuable tool for determining body composition in the military, facilitating the control of the different variables associated with each specialty. The aim of the present study was to describe the body composition profile of elite military personnel at the end of a specialization course. Eleven military personnel between 22 and 29 years of age participated in the study. Body composition was assessed by BIA immediately after completion of a specialization course for elite military personnel. Assessments in the military on body composition variables through BIA showed: body weight of 84.3 ± 4.52 kg, height 1.78 ± 0.06 m, body mass index (BMI) 26.5 ± 1.09, adipose tissue of 13.7 ± 3.65 %, muscle tissue 49.5 ± 2.34 %, fat free mass 72.7 ± 5.23 kg and 53.2 ± 3.78 l of total body water. Conclusions: Elite military personnel presented high levels of fat free mass, muscle tissue and low levels of adipose tissue which favors the development of specialized military activities and decreases the risk of injury. The data collected here serve as a frame of reference for future studies.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Composição Corporal , Militares , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile , Tecido Adiposo , Impedância Elétrica , Estado de Hidratação do Organismo
3.
Rev. colomb. nefrol. (En línea) ; 7(supl.2): 273-279, jul.-dic. 2020.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1251590

RESUMO

Resumen Como es bien sabido, desde el mes de diciembre se encendieron las alarmas por la aparición de la enfermedad COVID-19 (Coronavirus 2019) en China, la cual es causada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 y se ha expandido a nivel mundial. Entre los síntomas frecuentes encontramos fiebre, fatiga, mialgias, tos seca, anorexia, disnea y producción de esputo y síntomas menos comunes como cefalea, odinofagia, rinorrea y otra sintomatología diferente a la respiratoria, como síntomas gastrointestinales dados por náuseas y diarrea. La proteinuria en cualquier grado, la hematuria de cualquier grado, el aumento de la elevación de la creatinina en pacientes con creatinina basal elevada y la generación de AKI 2 y 3 son los directamente relacionados con la mortalidad intrahospitalaria desde el punto de vista renal, lo que hace que debamos estudiar más aun la enfermedad renal crónica, para poder tomar las medidas necesaria de prevención. En cuanto a la hidratación, se considera, por lo tanto, que si el paciente presenta buena diuresis, los 2 litros de excreción serían necesarios para eliminar los solutos no necesarios del cuerpo, considerando que esta cantidad se logra sumando también las pérdidas extrarrenales; entonces, si el paciente mantiene una función urinaria adecuada a pesar de su grado de insuficiencia renal, una ingesta de líquidos entre 2,5 y 3,5 litros logra las metas. Los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica deben tomar las medidas de prevención, aún más por ser población de riesgo, recordando por lo tanto algunas, las cuales son la mejor estrategia para evitar la transmisión viral: lavado frecuente de manos, distanciamiento social, evitar contacto con personas infectadas o con sospecha de infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2, usar tapabocas, mantener higiene en su domicilio, lavar superficies o limpiarlas con sustancias a base de alcohol, y algo que no se puede olvidar: estamos aprendiendo del virus, y debemos mantenernos informados del comportamiento del mismo y de los cambios que este pueda generar en la población y en el comportamiento de la enfermedad, para así mismo tomar las medidas.


Abstract As is well known since December, alarms went off for the appearance of the COVID-19 disease (Coronavirus 2019) in China, which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus and has spread worldwide. Frequent symptoms include fever, fatigue, myalgia, dry cough, anorexia, dyspnea and sputum production, and less common symptoms such as headache, odynophagia, rhinorrhea, and other symptoms other than breathing, such as gastrointestinal symptoms due to nausea and diarrhea. Proteinuria in any degree, hematuria of any degree, increased creatinine variation in a patient with elevated baseline creatinine, and the generation of AKI 2 and 3 are those directly related to in-hospital mortality from the renal point of view, which means that we must study chronic kidney disease even more, in order to take the necessary preventive measures. Regarding hydration, it is considered, therefore, that if the patient presents good diuresis, the 2 liters of excretion would be necessary to eliminate the unnecessary solutes from the body, considering that this amount is achieved by also adding extrarenal losses. Therefore, if the patient maintains adequate urinary function despite his degree of kidney failure, a fluid intake of between 2.5 and 3.5 liters achieves the goals, also taking into account. Patients with chronic kidney disease should take preventive measures, even more so as they are a risk population, therefore remembering some, which are the best strategy to avoid viral transmission: frequent hand washing, social distancing, avoiding contact with people infected or suspected of infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, wearing face masks, maintaining hygiene at home, washing surfaces or cleaning them with alcohol-based substances and something that cannot be forgotten, remember that we are learning from the virus and that we must keep us informed of the behavior of the same and of the changes that it may generate in the population and in the behavior of the disease, so as to take the measures.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , COVID-19 , Pacientes , Proteinúria , Colômbia , Injúria Renal Aguda , Estado de Hidratação do Organismo
4.
Rev. enferm. neurol ; 12(3): 141-146, sep.-dic.-2013.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1034732

RESUMO

Introduction: It has been proven that the population with intellectual disability presents health and nutrition risk factors; however, there are only a few studies that characterize this problematic situation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the food consumption, nutritional diagnosis, physical performance and hydration status of 179 athletes with intellectual disability affiliated to the Guanajuato Special Olympics, from nine cities, as well as the knowledge level and hydration habits of parents or caregivers. Methodology: A descriptive, prospective and transversal study has been con ducted. Food consumption was obtained through a validated semi-quantitative questionnaire; the nutrition diagnosis was determined by anthropometric parameters; physical performance was evaluated by the tests DIDEFI®; the hydration status was calculated by urinary density using a refractometer; and the knowledge level, hydration and nutrition habits of the caregivers were assessed by two validated questionnaires. Results: The age group 11 to 20 years has the highest calorie and macronutrient ingestion. In relation to the nutritional status: 43.6% is overweight in some degree and 4.5% underweight. A tendency was found in the physical tests to monotonic growth in hand strength and abdominals per minute, a parabolic tendency in horizontal jump and a random representation in trunk flexion. 56.42% of the athletes presented dehydration. Regarding the parents/caregivers, their average knowledge was higher than their grade in the hydration habits questionnaire, with a significant statistics difference. Conclusions: The athletes with intellectual disabilities must be considered as a risk group because of factors such as alterations in weight and dehydration, as well as their parents’/caregivers’ lack of knowledge in nutrition and hydration, which could risk their health and physical performance.


Assuntos
Humanos , Atletas , Ciências da Nutrição/educação
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