Crossed renal ectopia with fusion in a female feline: case report / Ectopia renal cruzada com fusão em uma gata: relato de caso

A 3 year old female feline of mixed breed was sent to the diagnostic imaging sector under suspicion of bleeding due to ovariohysterectomy. An abdominal ultrasonography was performed to confirm the initial suspicion. However, no signs of bleeding were found, instead it was observed that the left renal silhouette had two pelvises and was elongated and larger than normal. The right kidney was not found. Excretory urography was requested to evaluate the condition of the ureters. The final diagnosis was crossed renal ectopia with fusion in an asymptomatic cat with no changes in renal function.(AU)

Uma gata, sem raça definida, com três anos de idade, foi encaminhada para o setor de diagnóstico por imagem sob suspeita de hemorragia devido à ovário-histerectomia. Foi realizada ultrasonografia abdominal para confirmar a suspeita inicial, mas nenhum sinal de hemorragia foi encontrado; visibilizou-se, entretanto, a silhueta renal esquerda alongada, com presença de duas pelves. O rim direito não foi encontrado. Solicitou-se exame de urografia excretora para avaliação de ureteres. O diagnóstico foi de ectopia renal cruzada com fusão em um felino assintomático e sem alterações na função renal.(AU)

Bilateral extraluminal ectopic ureters in a Maine Coon cat / Ureter ectópico extraluminal bilateral em um felino da raça Maine Coon

Ectopic ureters are rarely observed in cats. Therefore, for a better chance of success in the corrective surgical procedure and survival of the patient, diagnosis should be confirmed early. This report illustrates the occurrence of bilateral ectopic ureters in a seven month old Maine Coon cat and describes the medical and surgical management adopted for correction of the abnormality.

A ectopia dos ureteres é raramente observada em gatos. Assim, para aumentar as chances de sucesso do procedimento cirúrgico corretivo e promover a sobrevivência, o diagnóstico deve ser firmado precocemente. O relato em tela ilustra a ocorrência de ureter ectópico bilateral em uma gata Maine Coon, de sete meses, e descrevem-se as manobras médico-cirúrgicas adotadas na correção dessa anormalidade.

Radiographic diagnosis of traumatic urethrorectal fistula in dog / Diagnóstico radiográfico de fístula uretroretal traumática em cão

A dog with abdominal trauma had an urethrorectal fistula and secundary bilateral hidronephrosis and hydroureter, identified by urethrocistography and excretory urography. According to our researches, only two cases of traumatic urethrorectal fistula had been reported until now in veterinary medicine.

Um cão com trauma abdominal desenvolveu fístula uretroretal, hidronefrose e hidroureter bilaterais secundários, identificados por uretrocistografia e urografia excretora. Na literatura veterinária, há somente dois casos de fístulas uretroretais traumáticas descritos até o momento.

Ureter retrocava: relato de caso / Retrocaval ureter: a case report

Relata-se o caso de um paciente com ureter retrocava, diagnosticado inicialmente em exame de urografia excretora e confirmado com tomografia computadorizada do abdome. A tomografia computadorizada torna-se necessária não apenas para confirmar a posição do ureter em relação à veiacava inferior, como também para excluir outras doenças que cursam com hidronefrose, pois hidronefrose é o principal achado do ureter retrocava sintomático.

The authors report a case of a patient with retrocaval ureter found out in an excretory urography and confirmed with abdominal computerized tomography. The computerized tomography is necessary to confirm the position of the ureter and to exclude other diseaseswhich are associated with hydronefrosis, the main imaging finding,when there is a symptomatic retrocaval ureter.

Comparative study on outcomes of 16-slice spiral CT urography and CR excretory urogaphy / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To discuss the value of 16-slice spiral CT urography in clinical diagnosis.Methods To compare the images between CR excretory urography,CT and MPR,which are the results of 26 cases who were examined by both CR and 16-slice spiral CT urography.Results From the comparison,it is found that the spiral CT urography images are better than that of the CR excertory urography,and at the same time,the relationship between the parenchyma of the renal,renal pelvis,ureter,bladder and the urinary organs and adjacent structures can be demonstrated clearly.Conclusion The scanning time of the spiral CT is shorter.The machine can not only reconstruct powerfully but also work out better images,and the result is better than CR excretory urography which can not detect some details in its images.Therefore CR excretory urogaphy can be replaced by 16-slice spiral CT urography regardless of its cost.

Unenhanced Spiral CT in Acute Ureteral Colic: A Replacement for Excretory Urography?

OBJECTIVE: To compare the usefulness of unenhanced spiral CT (UCT) with that of excretory urography (EU) in patients with acute flank pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients presenting with acute flank pain under-went both UCT and EU. Both techniques were used to determine the presence, size, and location of urinary stone, and the presence or absence of secondary signs was also evaluated. The existence of ureteral stone was confirmed by its removal or spontaneous passage during follow-up. The absence of a stone was determined on the basis of the clinical and radiological evidence. RESULTS: Twenty-one of the 30 patients had one or more ureteral stones and nine had no stone. CT depicted 22 of 23 calculi in the 21 patients with a stone, and no calculus in all nine without a stone. The sensitivity and specificity of UCT were 96% and 100%, respectively. EU disclosed 14 calculi in the 21 patients with a stone and no calculus in eight of the nine without a stone. UCT and EU demon-strated secondary signs of ureterolithiasis in 15 and 17 patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: For the evaluation of patients with acute flank pain, UCT is an excellent modality with high sensitivity and specificity. In near future it may replace EU.

The Diagnostic Efficacy of Abdominal Ultrasonography for Evaluation of Children with Urinary Tract Infection / 대한비뇨기과학회지

For the evaluation of children with urinary tract infection, the effective diagnostic approach with appropriate imaging studies may be one of the most important process. But there is no definitely standardized method to evaluate these children. The author analysed the radiologic findings on 88 consecutive children with recurrent urinary tract infection to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of abdominal ultrasonography compared to conventional excretory urography and determine logical sequence of uroradiologic study in children with urinary tract infection. The results were as follows: 1 Of all the children studied, there were 37 cases of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) with or without another urologic abnormalities such as posterior urethral valve and double collecting system, 32 cases of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJ obstruction) and 1 case of multicystic kidney. 2. All cases with UPJ obstruction and multicystic kidney were diagnosed with abdominal ultrasonography. But excretory urography did not detect 2 cases of mild UPJ obstruction due to intermittent hydronephrosis 3. Of 37 cases with VUR, 3 cases were not detected with abdominal ultrasonography and 5 cases were not detected with excretory urography 4. Of all the cases studied, 18 cases did not have any anatomical abnormalities. In these cases, abnormal findings on excretory urography and ultrasonography were detected in 2 and 3 cases, respectively 5. In the evaluation of anatomical abnormalities in the patient of recurrent UTI, combined radiologic study of ultrasonography and voiding cystourethrography has the same efficacy as excretory urography and voiding cystourethrography. These results suggest that abdominal ultrasonography may be more effective than excretory urography in the evaluation of children with urinary tract infection. And both ultrasonography and excretory urography are relatively insensitive for detecting reflux and its sequel. So in the evaluation of children with urinary tract infection, voiding cystourethrography and ultrasonography should be performed initially. And excretory urography could be performed for selected cases.

The Clinical Value of Excretory Urography on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Patients with signs of benign prostatic hyperplasia undergo excretory urography as a part of the diagnostic measures. The investigation is expected to yield information on the upper urinary tract and pathology of the bladder. But the necessity of excretory urography as a routine study before prostatectomy has been questioned. Herein we analyzed 154 patients who underwent excretory urography before prostatectomy at department of Urology, Masan Koryo General Hospital from January 1990 to December 1992. Of 154 patients, 117(76.0% ) showed normal upper tract with cystogram compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia, 19(12.3% ) dilated upper tract. 1 (0.6% ) nonvisualized kidney, 9(5. 8%) incidental upper tract anomalies, 12(7.8% ) urolithiasis. Most of these anomalies could not alter the planned therapeutical procedures. We concluded that excretory urography is not always necessary in diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia, but only in selected cases.

Comparison of Value Between MRU and CR in Excretory Urography / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To discuss the value of MRI in clinical diagnosis.Methods Images between CR excretory urography and MRU were compared,which came from the results of 36 cases who were examined by both CR and MRU.Results The spiral MRU images were better than those of the CR excretory urography,and at the same time,the relationship between the parenchyma of the renal,renal pelvis,ureter,bladder and the urinary organs and adjacent tissues were displayed clearly.Conclusion The scanning time of MRI is shorter.The machine can not only reconstruct powerfully but also work out better images,and the result is better than MRI which can't detect pathological changes in detail in its images.Therefore MRI can be replaced by MRU if the higher cost can be afforded.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):80-81]

The Value of Excretory Urography in Staging Bladder Cancer / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Disagreement exists about the accuracy of excretory urography in the staging of bladder cancer. During a 2O year period 1O8 of 537 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder had ureteral obstruction on excretory urography at the time of initial diagnosis. 93 patients (86%) had muscle invasion at staging transurethral resection or open resection. Of those patients 37 had total cystectomy, 4 had partial cystectomy, 5 had curative radiation therapy and the remainder had no further treatment. Ureteral obstruction at the time of initial diagnosis of bladder cancer usually indicates muscle invasion and/or metastases. We believe that our data support the usefulness of excretory urography as a staging tool in carcinoma of the bladder.

Value of Excretory Urography in Chronic Epididymitis - Analysis of 60 Cases - / 대한비뇨기과학회지

To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of excretory urography, results were reviewed in 60 patients with chronic epididymitis. In 37 patients(of total 60 cases) who have neither scrotal fistula nor hematuria (microscopic or gross) nor positive urine AFB staining, there was no tuberculous finding in excretory urography. And findings consistent with renal tuberculosis were found in 11 cases (73% ) of 15 patients with scrotal fistula, in 9 cases (75%) of 12 patients with hematuria and in 4 cases (80%) of 5 patients with positive urine AFB staining. Therefore, routine use excretory urography in chronic epididymitis is revealing neither scrotal fistula nor hematuria nor positive AFB in urine is not always necessary for detection of renal tuberculosis in terms of cost effectiveness.

Clinical Observation on Excretory Urography / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on 122 cases of excretory urographies during the period from January to December. 1978 and the following results were obtained. 1) Among 1572 total patients, 122 cases of excretory urographies were performed during, giving a rate of 12.9%. 2) The most common age group was in 21-30 years (32.8%) and the next was in 31-40 years (23. 8%) 89 cases were male and 33 cases were female with a ratio of 2.7 : 1. 3) The clinical symptoms and signs were flank pain in 84 cases, bladder irritation symptom in S4 cases and gross hematuria in 37 cases. 4) Of 122 cases of excretory urogaphies, abnormal findings were shown on 73 cases (59.8%) and normal findings shown on 49 cases (40.2%). 5) Of 73 cases of abnormal findings, urolithiasis were found in 39 cases (53.4%), G-U tuberculosis in 15 cases (20. 5%) and infectious diseases in 11 cases (15. 1%). 6) The side reaction to contrast media was observed in 7 cases (5.7%).

Clinical Study on the Excretion Nephrogram / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Although the opacification of the excretory nephrogram is visible on the routine intravenous urogram as well as the image of renal collecting system, the attention of the urologists and radiologists was not paid to its diagnostic value until last several years. The author has been studied on the diagnosis of so-called non-visualizing kidney utilizing the antegrade pyelography and 203Hg renal scanning with successful results. As an another diagnostic armamentarium on this field, the author came to notice the practicability of excretion nephrogram, as it outlines functioning renal parenchymal mass radiologically, even in the absence of a later pyelogram. In this paper, the author observed the opacification ratio of excretion nephrogram on the normal subjects and patients with renal disease and studied the relationship between the opacification of excretion nephrogram and degree of azotemia and blood pressure in renal failure together with the technical problems influencing the opacification. One hundred of normal subjects and 459 patients with renal disease are included in this study The results are as follows. 1. In normal subjects, the opacification ratio of excretion nephrogram is 71.78 and 77% in 5.15 and 30 minute film, respectively. 2. In the group with renal diseases, the opacification ratio of excretion nephrogram is similar to that of normal ones in most instances, while there is some fluctuations particularly in serious renal diseases. 3. Marked reduction of opacification ratio of excretion nephrogram is noticed in groups with renal failure showing more than 120 mg % of NPN, 100 mg% of BUN and 10 mg% of creatinine, as well as showing hypertension and less than 7.5gram of Hb than in groups with less azotemic, less anemic and normotensive state. 4. Excellent opacification of excretion nephrogram is found on 15 min. film while less clearly on 30 min. film and poorly on 5 min. film. 5. It is suggested that the careful intestinal lavage and large dose of x-ray medium are essential to obtain a highly opacified excretion nephrogram.

A Comparative Study of Excretory Urography and Renal Angiography on Blunt Renal Trauma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

10 patients with blunt renal trauma have been studied and compared by the excretory urography and renal angiography in the Department of Urology, National Medical Center, Seoul, during the period of January 1976 through June 1977. The following results were obtained: 1) Renal angiography is a more specific diagnostic procedure than the excretory urography in detailing the extent of injury. And it provides more opportunity of a high salvage rate of injured kidney. 2) In a normal excretory urography, renal angiography need not do in deciding surgical management of renal injury. 3) The result of positive renal angiograms was especially great in patients showing any of the following urographic abnormalities; non-or poor visualization and extravasation of contrast media. 4) Surgical intervention was done in only one patient of renal thrombosis.

Clinical Observation on Excretory Urography / 대한비뇨기과학회지

A clinical observation was made on 402 excretory urographies of patients who visited to the Dept. of Urology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, during the period from January 1973 to December 1975. The results were as follows; 1) Age distribution showed that 129 cases (32.1%) were in 31-40 years, 120 cases (29.9%) in 41-50. Regarding the sex, 276 cases were male and 126 cases were female. 2) The clinical symptoms showed flank pain in 57.2%, bladder irritation symptoms; 42.5%, hematuria; 38.3%. 3) In urinalysis, hematuria was observed in 64.2%, pyuria in 50.3% and proteinuria in 42.8% 4) Of 402 excretory urographies, 254 cases showed abnormal findings and 148 cases showed normal findings, urolithiasis was found in 126 cases, tuberculosis in 52 cases and tumor in 18 cases. 5) Hydronephrosis or delayed excretion was observed in 90.5% of urolithiasis patient. Among patients of genitourinary tuberculosis, non visualized kidney was found in 29.6%, hydronephrosis or delayed excretion in 26.9%, only calyceal change in 36.5%. 6) The side reaction to contrast media was observed in the 34 cases(8.5%).

A Comparative study of Excretory Urography and Renal Isotope Scanning on Renal Trauma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

An attempt to compare the value of the excretory urography and renal isotope scanning performed simultaneously in assessing damage in 15 patients with renal trauma has been made. The results obtained as follows: 1) The surgical specimens in seven cases showed more marked in severity of the parenchymal injury than the excretory urography did. 2) In 11 cases with moderate or severe injury, renal isotope scanning was more accurate in delineating the damaged area than the excretory urography, while in four cases with minimal injury, both were roughly equal in accuracy. 3) Because of the case, safety and accuracy of the renal isotope scanning, its use is recommendable in patients with renal trauma as a procedure for follow-up study and in those with allergic tendency or iodine hypersensitivity.