RESUMO
A muscle strain develops when a muscle lengthens or is torn. This would be frequently caused by muscle exhaustion, abuse, or misuse. Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage (EIMD) is defined based on indicators appearing soon after initiating an exercise session and continues for up to 14 days after the end of the session. Muscle damage from trauma, inherited genetic illnesses, pathology or complete circumstances are highly common and cause significant socio-economic consequences. Athletes care about EIMD-related loss of muscle strength and discomfort since they can affect their performance significantly. This current review is intended to highlight the updated findings and its present preventive and management strategies. The review also discussed the pathophysiology behind EIMD in detail to highlight the understanding points regarding EIMD. The frequency of EIMD following exercise must are linked with strength training, and muscle strain as measured by an increased level of serum kinase (CK). the percentage of tissue micro-injuries. EIMD is quite frequent among athletes and also among the general population. This review has discussed the available diet and nutrition to prevent such EIMD and tackle, it if EIMD sets in. Finally, this current review has covered EIMD from all the phases and recommendations have been made for further study, especially in clinical trials.
RESUMO
CONTEXTO: Várias estratégias de recuperação têm sido utilizadas na tentativa de minimizar os sintomas da dor muscular de início tardio (DMIT). Contudo, evidências científicas que apoiem este efeito profilático (pré-exercício) e terapêutico (pós-exercício) de um tratamento combinado (FNP e vitamina C, ultrassom) no dano muscular são inexistentes. OBJETIVO: Investigar os efeitos de um tratamento combinado (FNP e vitamina C, ultrassom) nos marcadores bioquímicos (níveis enzimáticos) e funcionais (ângulo do cotovelo, circunferência de braço, taxa de dor) de dano muscular induzido por exercício. MÉTODO: Amostra randomizada controlada. LOCAL: Laboratório da Universidade. PARTICIPANTES: Alunos universitários masculinos participaram voluntariamente do estudo, o qual não reportou nenhuma dor muscular de início tardio por no mínimo seis meses antes do estudo. Posteriormente, os sujeitos foram agrupados aleatoriamente em subgrupos com mão controle e mão experimental. INTERVENÇÃO(ÕES): Programa de exercício para indução de dano muscular induzido por exercício envolvendo o teste de bíceps Scott (contração excêntrica com duas mãos). PROCEDIMENTO(S) PRINCIPAL(IS): Circunferência de braço relaxado, circunferência de braço flexionado, ângulo de cotovelo em descanso, circunferência de antebraço, amplitude de movimento de cotovelo flexionado, amplitude de movimento de cotovelo estendido, dano muscular induzido por exercício, força máxima voluntária isométrica e isocinética foram registrados basal, imediatamente após exercício e 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas após exercício. RESULTADOS: O subgrupo experimental manifestou redução de sintomas de DMIT em menor amplitude de movimento de cotovelo flexionado e amplitude de movimento de cotovelo estendido, menor perda de força isométrica e isocinética voluntária máxima (P < 0,05) em comparação com o subgrupo controle. Contudo, nenhum efeito na circunferência de braço relaxado, circunferência de braço flexionado, ângulo de cotovelo em descanso ou circunferência de antebraço foi observado (P >0,05). CONCLUSÃO: Este tratamento combinado foi eficiente em contração máxima voluntária isométrica, dor muscular de início tardio e taxa de intensidade de dor ao longo do tempo. Finalmente, os resultados sugerem que os tratamentos combinados são eficientes na manutenção de força isométrica e diminuição de dor muscular de início tardio e taxa de intensidade de dor.
CONTEXT: Numerous recovery strategies have been used in an attempt to minimize the symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). However, scientific evidence to support the effect of prophylactic (prior to exercise) and therapeutic (post-exercise) effects of a Combination Treatment (PNF & vitamin C, Ultrasound) on muscle damage is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of a Combination Treatment (PNF& vitamin C, Ultrasound) on biochemical (enzymatic levels) and functional (elbow angle, arm circumference, pain rate, etc) markers of exercise-induced muscle damage. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: non-athletic college-age men participated voluntary in this study, which reported no delayed onset muscle soreness for at least 6 months before, then subjects were randomly assigned to subgroups with control hand and experimental hand. INTERVENTION(S): Exercise program was used for induce exercise-induced muscle damage involved Preacher curl test (eccentric contraction in two hands). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Relaxed arm circumference, flexed arm circumference, elbow resting angel, forearm circumference, range of motion flexed elbow, range of motion extended elbow, exercise-induced muscle damage, maximal voluntary isometric and isokinetic strength were recorded at baseline, immediately after exercise, and at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after post-exercise. Serum creatine kinase was measured at baseline, immediately after exercise, and at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-exercise. RESULTS: The experimental subgroup showed a reduction in DOMS symptoms in the form of less range of motion flexed elbow and range of motion extended elbow, less maximal isometric and isokinetic voluntary strength loss(P <.05) compared with the control subgroup. However, no effect on relaxed arm circumference, flexed arm circumference, elbow resting angle, forearm circumference was evident (P >.05). CONCLUSION: This Combination Treatment on maximal voluntary isometric strength, delayed onset of muscle soreness and pain intensity rate during timing was effective. Eventually, results suggest that combination treatments are effective treatment on maintenance isometric strength and decrease of delayed onset of muscle soreness and pain intensity rate.