Cognitive Analysis and Improvement Strategy of Nursing Staff’s Nursing Research Ethics in China / 中国医学伦理学

At present, the legal, ethical and social issues involved in clinical nursing research have attracted increasing attention. This paper used SWOT analysis to explore the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges of nursing staff’s cognition of research ethics. The results showed that the internal factors of nursing staff’s cognition of research ethics mainly come from the factors of nurses themselves, nurse interpersonal relationship, the relationship between nurses and subjects, and the hospital factors. The external factors mainly rise from the social level, university education level, information technology application level. Therefore, to enhance nurses’ cognition of nursing research ethics, internal and external factors need to be taken into account, including improving the system of nursing scientific research ethics governance, enhancing the system protection of nursing scientific research ethics governance, strengthening the review and supervision of nursing scientific research ethics, and deeply developing the education and publicity of scientific research ethics.

Research progress on bolting and flowering of Angelica sinensis and regulation pathways / 中草药

The dried roots of Angelica sinensis has been widely applied in clinical care due to its efficiencies in nourishing and activating blood, regulating female menstrual disorders and relieving pains, relaxing bowels, etc. The cultivated two-year-old plants normally harvested roots for medicinal uses emerge over 30% early bolting rate, which leads to the lignified roots that are useless in medicinal agents. The early bolting and flowering that are leading to serious yield reduction has been one of the most serious problems in the production of A. sinensis for many years. Here, based on previously published research articles, monographs, patents as well as practice experiences, the research progresses on the internal and external factors affecting bolting and flowering of A. sinensis, the pathways regulating bolting and flowering, the mechanism revealing bolting and flowering by biotechnological interventions were summarized, with the aim of providing effective pathways jointly internal and external factors for regulating bolting and flowering, as well as references for further revealing the mechanism of the bolting and flowering of A. sinensis.

Factores que impulsan la internacionalización en las pymes industriales del Eje Cafetero colombiano: estudio de caso / Factors driving industrial SMEs in the Colombian Coffee Region towards internationalization / Fatores que impulsionam a Internacionalização nas PMEs Industriais da Região cafeeira colombiana

Resumen Se presentan los factores que han impulsado a algunas pymes industriales de los departamentos de Caldas, Quindío y Risaralda a emprender procesos de internacionalización, a partir de un estudio de caso múltiple exploratorio y de corte cualitativo descriptivo. Los resultados sugieren que las pymes industriales exportadoras consultadas hacen alguna adaptación a los productos que exportan y cuentan con políticas de calidad en los procesos de producción. Gran parte de ellas sostiene que no tiene planes para el manejo de conflictos a nivel internacional y que las exportaciones han contribuido a mejorar la productividad de la empresa; otras afirman tener dificultades con la capacidad de negociación internacional, aunque desarrollan productos innovadores y se interesan en conocer a sus competidores en el exterior: Un buen número reconoce que es difícil encontrar personal calificado para laborar en esta área, mientras que unas pocas realizan estudios sobre el mercado extranjero, concluyéndose que aunque la mayor parte de las pymes industriales exportadoras del Eje Cafetero han logrado abrirse a los mercados internacionales gracias al desarrollo competitivo que han tenido inicialmente a nivel regional, debe mejorarse el perfil de los directivos del área internacional e incrementarse las estrategias de promoción y distribución para lograr y mantener ventajas competitivas. Clasificación JEL: F2

Abstract This paper presents the factors which have driven some industrial SMEs (Small and Medium-sized enterprises) in the departments of Caldas, Quindío and Risaralda to start internationalization processes, based on a multiple case study with an exploratory qualitative descriptive scope. The results suggest that industrial and exporting SMEs of this study adapt the products to be exported and follow quality policies in the production processes. Many of these companies have stated that there are no plans for dealing with conflicts at an international level and that exports have contributed to improving the company's productivity of Others have claimed to have difficulties with international negotiation skills, despite having developed innovative products and being interested in knowing their competitors abroad. A large number of these SMEs recognize the difficulties in finding qualified personnel to work in this area, while a small number of them carry out studies on the foreign market. The conclusion is that although most of the industrial & exporting SMEs of the Colombian Coffee Region consulted have managed to open up to international markets, thanks to their initial competitive development at the regional level, the administrative staff profile of the international area must be improved and promotion and distribution strategies increased in order to achieve and maintain competitive advantages. JEL Classification: F2

Resumo Este artigo apresenta os fatores que levaram algumas PMEs industriais dos departamentos de Caldas, Quindío e Risaralda a empreender processos de internacionalização, com base em um estudo de casos múltiplos de natureza exploratória qualitativa descritiva. Os resultados do estudo sugerem que as PMEs Industriais Exportadoras que foram consultadas fazem alguma adaptação aos produtos que exportam e possuem políticas de qualidade nos processos produtivos; Muitas delas sustentam que não têm planos para a gestão de conflitos a nível internacional e que as exportações contribuíram para melhorar a produtividade da empresa; outras afirmam ter dificuldades com as habilidades de negociação internacional, embora desenvolvam produtos inovadores e estejam interessados em conhecer seus concorrentes no exterior: Um bom número dessas PMEs reconhece que é difícil encontrar pessoal qualificado para trabalhar nessa área, enquanto poucas fazem estudos sobre o mercado externo, concluindo que, embora a maioria das PMEs industriais exportadoras da Região Cafeeira consultadas tenham conseguido se abrir aos mercados internacionais graças ao desenvolvimento competitivo que inicialmente tiveram no nível regional, o perfil dos gestores da área internacional deve ser melhorado e as estratégias de promoção e distribuição devem ser aumentadas para alcançar e manter as vantagens competitivas. Classificações JEL: F2

The Influence of Organizational External Factors on Construction Risk Management among Nigerian Construction Companies

BACKGROUND: Substantial empirical research has shown conflicting results regarding the influence of organizational external factors on construction risk management, suggesting the necessity to introduce a moderator into the study. The present research confirmed whether rules and regulations matter on the relationships between organizational external factors and construction risk management. METHODS: Based on discouragement and organizational control theory, this research examined the effects of organizational external factors and rules and regulations on construction risk management among 238 employees operating in construction companies in Abuja and Lagos, Nigeria. A personally administered questionnaire was used to acquire the data. The data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. RESULTS: A significant positive relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management was asserted. This study also found a significant positive relationship between rules and regulations and construction risk management. As anticipated, rules and regulations were found to moderate the relationship between organizational external factors and construction risk management, with a significant positive result. Similarly, a significant interaction effect was also found between rules and regulations and organizational external factors. Implications of the research from a Nigerian point of view have also been discussed. CONCLUSION: Political, economy, and technology factors helped the construction companies to reduce the chance of risk occurrence during the construction activities. Rules and regulations also helped to lessen the rate of accidents involving construction workers as well as the duration of the projects. Similarly, the influence of the organizational external factors with rules and regulations on construction risk management has proven that most of the construction companies that implement the aforementioned factors have the chance to deliver their projects within the stipulated time, cost, and qualities, which can be used as a yardstick to measure a good project.

Influence factor analysis and promotion strategies of the undergraduate talent cultivation in local medical colleges: a case study of North Sichuan Medical College / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This study probed into North Sichuan Medical College to explore the problems existing in the cultivation of medical undergraduate, such as the low innovative and practical abilities, lack of pro-fessional knowledge and low level of literacy. Then the study analyzed the causes of the problem from the aspects of students, teachers, external factors and school environment. Basing on the analysis, the study put forward some talent quality promotion measures, such as improving the quality of enrollment, promoting the faculty building, exploration of scientific management of teaching expenditures, strengthening the construc-tion of discipline and curriculum, constructing teaching quality guarantee system and enhancing students' innovative and operative abilities.

Strategy research on improving the scientific technology development in hospitals: based on the survey analysis of internal and external factors affecting medical workers research development / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective 600 questionnaires from hospital employee were collected and conducted statistical analysis to identify the internal and external factors that have influence on the staff develop ment of scientific research level,which also aimed to figure out the way to raise employee awareness of scientific research,as well as enhancing the scientific and technological development in hospital.Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted to establish a database,SPSS18.0 survey data descriptive analysis applied,variance analysis using x2 test,P ＜0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Statistical analysis and comparative study were conducted to figure out the awareness of hospital scientific and technology development from employees from different positions with different education levels,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.05).Hospital staff have generally high level awareness of scientific research,obey the normal distribution basically,recognition rate is more than 93.5％,particularly,higher education staff have a better awareness and contribution to the development of the hospital.Conclusions According to the analysis,this paper proposed to build a platform for the establishment of performance evaluation and incentive system,to improve the management system and other measures to further enhancing the research and development of hospital staff awareness,thereby increasing the overall scientific research level of the hospital.

Factors Influencing Korean Psoriasis Patients: An analysis in relation to Extent and Disease activity / 대한피부과학회지

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing disorder which is influenced by various external factors. A study involving a large number of patients with objective assessment methods may help us to elucidate correlations between external factors and the course of psoriasis. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to investigate the basic demographic data of psoriasis in a large number of Korean patients and to correlate disease activity, area of involvement with various external factors known to improve or worsen psoriasis. METHODS: Epidemiological and clinical data with particular reference to the extent and activity of the condition in 1,600 psoriasis patients between 1982 and 1998 were collected and analysed. RESULTS: 1. Patients in their twenties were most common(28.7%). There were no sexual predominance in our patients. 2. With reference to the extent of this skin condition, 43.4% of patients were mild cases, 38.3% were moderate and 18.3% were severe. 3. With reference to the activity, 42.9% of patients were mild cases, 26.5% were moderate and 30.6% were severe. 4. The most common morphological features were nummular types(55.8%), followed by large plaque types(23.4%) and guttate types(14.5%). 5. 57% of patients experienced a11eviation of their lesions in summer while 65% of patients experienced aggravation in winter. 6. 55% of the patients experienced improvement of their lesions in sunlight exposure whereas 7% of the remainder experienced aggravation. 7. 64% of the patients replied that their lesions tend to aggravate after a stressful event. 8. Among those who experienced pregnancy, 40% replied that their lesions improved while being pregnant. On the other hand, 19% experienced aggravation. 9. Severe forms were overwhelming in large plaque types in relation to extent and activity (p<0.05). 10. Among the external factors investigated, stress showed statistically signficant association with the severity of psoriasis classified by extent and severity(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We investigated the epidemiological and clinical features of psoriasis in a large number of Korean patients in relation to various external factors. The condition in more than half of the patients was moderate or severe with reference to the extent and activity. Among external factors, stress seemed to have significant correlations with increased frequency in severe psoriasis patients.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME EXTERNAL FACTORS ON THE GROWTH OF HYPHAL BODY OF HYPSIZYGUS MARMOREUS / 微生物学通报

This paper is about the research on the growth of jyphal body of Hypsizygus marmoreus under the condition of different culture mediums, tempertures, pH, cardon and nitrogen sources. The result shows that Hypsizygus marmoreus can grow on various culture mediums. It grows best on the Culture medium of malt extract agar, but can not grow well on the PDA composite culture medium; the hyphal body can grow well at the temperture of 20—25℃, grows slowly at 10—30℃, but can not grow at 35℃; it can grow when pH is 5 to 8, but the best range of pH is 6.5—7.0; the nutriment assimilation is different with the different sources of carbon and nitrogen, the best carbon source is maltose, best nitrogen source is bacto-peptone.