RESUMO
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a worldwide public health problem. India has the highest TB burden in the world. India accounted for a quarter of global incident TB cases, 24% of multi drug resistance (MDR) TB cases and highest TB mortality rate in 2017. Thus it is important to understand the profile of TB patients. The objective of the study was to assess the profile of TB cases attending a directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) center in North Kerala.Methods: A retrospective record based, descriptive study was done in the DOTS center of Government Medical College Kannur, in North Kerala, to assess the profile of TB patients who attended the centre from January 2015 to July 2018. Details of 548 patients were collected from the record maintained at DOTS center. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed using Epi info7 software.Results: The age group of 21-60 years was most affected. 68.53% of the patients were males. 45.62% of patients had extra-pulmonary TB (EPTB). Among the pulmonary TB patients, 74.27% tested positive for acid fast bacilli. Among cases of EPTB, most common type was TB lymphadenitis (40.8%) followed by tuberculous pleural effusion (22.4%). 87.59% of TB patients were started on category I treatment under DOTS.Conclusions: In our study, affected population was mostly males and those in productive age group. This is the group that has maximum chances of exposure to TB patients. 45.62% patients had EPTB. Total number of cases is on the rise each year, with maximum cases in 2018.
RESUMO
Introduction: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mostly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) and sometime affect other sites (extra pulmonary TB). The disease is spread when people who are sick with pulmonary TB expel bacteria into the air by coughing. Overall, a relatively small proportion (5–15%) of the estimated 1.7 billion people infected with M. tuberculosis will develop TB disease during their lifetime. Objective: To assess the treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients registered under Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) and to find out spatial pattern of tuberculosis patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective record based study was conducted based on the secondary data pertaining to the patients registered at six different tuberculosis units (TU) and 29 designated microscopic centers (DMC) in Sonbhadra district during the period from 2005 to 2015. Results: Overall 85.8% were new cases and among them 80.0% were as pulmonary cases observed. Sputum conversion rate of new sputum-positive case at 2 or 3 months after treatment was 89.9%. Cure rate for new sputum-positive pulmonary TB cases was 84.9% and out of all smear-positive cases, it was 62.4%. Default among new smear-positive cases was 5.5%. Conclusion: The observed treatment success rate in form of cured and treatment completed (91.5%) reveals that the DOTs as an effective strategy for tuberculosis treatment may be classified as better alternative for area like Sonbhadra.
RESUMO
Background@#Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis comprises 1.1% of all tuberculosis (TB) cases notified in the Philippines.34 Its diagnosis poses a challenge for clinicians due to the protean ways in which the disease presents. Monitoring its treatment outcome is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. @*Objective@#This study aims to determine the clinical profile and treatment outcomes of children with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis in a children’s medical center. @*Methods@#This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted in a children’s medical center. The medical records of children less than 15 years with extrapulmonary tuberculosis from 2010 to 2014 were reviewed. Demographic, clinical data and treatment outcome were noted. @*Results@#A total of 140 charts were reviewed. Male to female ratio is 2.3:1. The most common age group was 0-4 years and central nervous system (CNS) was the most predominant site. New cases were 96.4% and 97.1% were clinically diagnosed. History of TB contact was elicited in 36.4% and tuberculin skin test was positive only in 39.3%. The most common presenting symptoms were in association with the site of infection. Results of the different diagnostic modalities used have contributed significantly in establishing the diagnosis. Treatment outcome was favorable at 79.3% while deaths were seen in 11.4% of cases. @*Conclusion@#The study has shown that proportion of patients with extra-pulmonary tuberculosis was 3%. Treatment outcome was satisfactory at 79.3% but was not significantly associated with the site of infection.
Assuntos
CriançaRESUMO
Background: Tuberculosis continues to be one of the most important public health problems worldwide. It infects one third of the world’s population at any point of time. Children are especially vulnerable to the effects of tuberculosis, which is often difficult to diagnose and therefore difficult to treat effectively. Pediatric TB results from failure of TB control in adults. The objective of the study was to study socio demographic profile of pediatric tuberculosis patients. Methods: This cross sectional observational, descriptive epidemiological study was conducted at GMERS medical college and hospital Dharpur-Patan located in north Gujarat during January 2015 to June 2015. The study was conducted among all the 151 pediatric TB patients who were currently under treatment at selected Hospital. Parents of the patient were informed about the purpose of the study and their informed written consent was taken. By interviewing them on the basis of pre-designed and pre tested proforma, socio demographic information was collected. The collected data was analyzed using statistical package for social science (SPSS 17 Trial version). Results: Out of 151 pediatric patients 87 (57.6%) were male. Age range of the children was 1 to 14 years. In our study mean age of children was 8.41±2.86 years. 68 (45.0%) patients were adolescents. 127 (84.1%) patients were from rural area. 63 (41.7%) heads of the family of patients were illiterate. 116 (76.8%) of the patients lived in joint family. 89 (58.9%) patients had kuccha house. Overcrowding was present in 86.7% of the patients. Family history of TB was present in only 23.2 % of the patients. 76.8% of the patients belonged to social IV and V according to modified Prasad’s classification. 105 (69.5%) patients had extra pulmonary TB. Category-1 constituted 125 (82.7%) cases. 3 % patients had HIV infection. Conclusions: Apart from pharmacological treatment, poor housing condition and illiteracy of the parents of these patients need to be addressed.