‘Frozen Eye’ ? Post Blowout Fracture Surgical Correction ? A Case Report

The Rationale: “Frozen Eye” is a very uncommon sequel after treatment of orbital blowout fractures requiring implant placement. Patient Concerns: The implant may faultily impinge on the ocular and extra?ocular muscle(s), causing the abnormality in the movement of the eye. Diagnosis: We present a 56?year?old male whose ocular implant impinged on muscle, causing “frozen eye” and had an infected implant. Treatment Outcomes: The same was removed and surgically corrected. The manuscript describes the details and discusses the possible mechanism that led to the “Frozen Eye”

A Case of Eyeball Movement Disorder due to a Chondrosarcoma in the Cavernous Sinus

PURPOSE: To report a patient with an eyeball movement disorder due to a chondrosarcoma in the left cavernous sinus. CASE SUMMARY: A 33-year-old woman visited our clinic complaining of diplopia she hand for one month. She had been undergone two operation for the removal of chondrosarcoma in the left cavernous sinus, and she had left esotropia of 25 prism diopters in the primary position and limited abduction of approximately -1.5 in the left eye. Therefore she was treated with radiotherapy for six weeks. Three weeks after radiotherapy she had esotropia of 2 prism diopters in the primary position and limited abduction of approximately -1 in the left eye. Six weeks later, only limited abduction of approximately -0.5 in the left eye was present. CONCLUSIONS: Eyeball movement disorders, like abducent nerve palsy, may develop as a result of tumors of the cavernous sinus and may be improved by the appropriate treatment of such tumors.

Postoperative improvement of diplopia and eyeball movement disorder in patients with reconstructive surgeries for orbital fracture / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To observe the postoperative changes of diplopia and eyeball movement disorder in patients with orbital fracture. Methods The clinical data of 62 patients with reconstructive surgeries for orbital fracture were retrorespectively analyzed.The position,range of fracture and incarceration of extraocular muscles were determined by CT scanning.The eyeball movement and diplopia were examined and recorded pre-operation,3,6 and 12 months after operation,respectively. Results Among the 62 cases,23 were simple orbital wall fracture and the other 39 were complex orbital fracture.Eighteen of the patients with simple orbital wall fracture had diplopia and 19 had eyeball movement disorder of Ⅰ degree or Ⅱ degree before operation.Twelve months after operation,5 had diplopia ofⅠ degree or Ⅱ degree,and 5 had eyeball movement disorder of Ⅰ degree.For those with complex orbital fracture,36 had diplopia and 38 had eyeball movement disorder.Twelve months after operation,29 had diplopia(III degree diplopia in 6) and 22 had eye movement disorder.Among the 12 patients with complex orbital fracture who received operation within 3 weeks after trauma, only one had III degree diplopia,while 5 of the 23 with complex orbital fractures repaired 3 months after trauma had III degree diplopia. Conclusion Surgical management can effectively improve diplopia and eyeball movement disorder resulted from orbital fracture.Earlier treatment is superior to later treatment in regard with the effect of surgical intervention.

Independent Component Analysis of Eyeball Movements

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a signal processing algorithm to separate independent sources from unknown mixed signals and can be applied to separate artifacts and independent neural sources from EEG recordings. This study was designed to extract individual components of eyeball movements from scalp EEG. Digital EEG signals were recorded using the international 10-20 system during eye closure, eye opening, and blinking. 18 EEG tracings using bipolar montage were analyzed by ICA algorithm into 18 independent components. Each of the components was reviewed, selected, and reconstructed into an original montage. Among 18 components, two components which were thought to represent eyeball movements were obtained. Each of the components was inversely projected into the original bipolar montage. This inverse projection showed separated vertical and horizontal eyeball movements components. These results suggest that the ICA analysis of EEG can separate vertical and horizontal eyeball movements and may be applied to separate other EEG artifacts and source signals from unknown mixed sources recordings of EEG.