Manufacturing classification system for oral solid dosage forms of traditional Chinese medicines(Ⅳ): classification of hygroscopicity behaviors of capsules / 中国中药杂志

Hard capsules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) have different degrees of hygroscopicity, which affects the stability and efficacy of drugs. In this paper, 30 kinds of commercially available TCM capsules were used as the research object. The hygroscopicity curves of capsule contents, capsule shells, and capsules were tested respectively, and the first-order kinetic equation was used for fitting. The results show that during the 24 h hygroscopicity process, the capsule shell can reduce the weight gain caused by the hygroscopicity of the contents by 0.80%-53.0% and the hygroscopicity rate of the capsule contents by 1.74%-91.3%, indicating that the capsule shell has a strong delay effect on the hygroscopicity of the contents of the TCM capsules. Seven physical parameters of the contents of 30 kinds of TCM capsules were determined, and 14 prescription process-related parameters were sorted out. A partial least squares model for predicting the hygroscopicity rate of the contents of TCM capsules(with shell) for 24 h was established. It is found that the hygroscopicity rate of the capsule shell is positively correlated with the hygroscopicity of the contents of TCM capsules(with shell), suggesting that the capsule shell with a low hygroscopicity rate is helpful for moisture prevention. In addition, the pre-treatment process route of the preparation and the type of molding raw materials affect the hygroscopicity. A larger proportion of the extract in the capsule content and a smaller proportion of the fine powder of the decoction pieces indicate stronger hygroscopicity of the capsule content. The 24 h hygroscopicity rate of 15% was used as the classification node of hygroscopicity strength, and the hygroscopicity rate constant of 0.58 was used as the classification node of hygroscopicity speed. The classification system of hygroscopicity behaviors of TCM capsules was established: the varieties with strong and fast hygroscopicity accounted for about 6.67%, while those with strong and slow hygroscopicity accounted for about 33.3%; the varieties with weak and fast hygroscopicity accounted for about 26.7%, while those with weak and slow hygroscopicity accounted for about 33.3%. The classification system is helpful to quantify and compare the hygroscopicity behavior of different TCM capsules and provides a reference for the quality improvement, moisture prevention technologies, and material research of TCM capsules.

A PROSPECTIVE LONGITUDINAL OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON ACUTE PANCREATITIS: FACTORS INFLUENCING MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY

Background: Acute pancreatitis presents a broad clinical spectrum ranging from cases so mild that symptoms abate before the diagnosis is actively pursued, to cases which progress rapidly to multisystem failure and eventual demise of patient despite current mode of therapy. Aims And Objectives: To determine factors related to disease severity, mortality and morbidity in acute pancreatitis. Materials And Methods: Study design: A prospective longitudinal observational study. Study area: Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan Hospital, Kolkata. Study period: April 2017 to March 2018 Sample size: 76 patients diagnosed with acute pancreatitis after admission. All patients were subjected to a thorough history taking, clinical examination, routine blood tests and imaging and monitoring of vitals. Patients with complications like sepsis, shock or organ failure was treated in ICU, with invasive and non-invasive monitoring. Thorough IV fluid resuscitation and appropriate analgesics were used with conservative management. Initially put in NPM, started with enteral feeding when ileus subsided or parenteral feeding at appropriate time if clinically unstable. ERCP was done followed by open/laparoscopic cholecystectomy in gallstone pancreatitis patients. Results: The overall mortality for the study group was 11.8 % and the morbidity rate was 31.5 %. The mortality for male was greater than that for female. The mortality for patients over 50 years of age was greater than that of patients below 50 years of age. The mean duration of hospitalization for the total study group was 14 days and it was found to be higher in male (18 days) than for female (10 days). The mortality for this idiopathic group(n=4, 16.67%) was found to be higher than that for the alcoholic group(n=3, 13.6%) and those with biliary tract disease(n=2, 6.67%), whereas morbidity of the alcoholic group(n=12, 40%) was found higher than the idiopathic group(n=8, 33.3%) and biliary disease group(n=4, 18.1%). Mortality rate in patients with pseudocyst was 10%, 50% in pancreatic abscess, 42.8% in circulatory failure patients, 50% in renal failure patients and 75% in respiratory failure patients. Conclusion: Despite earlier recognition and appropriate care the morbidity and mortality rates have remained quite high in cases of severe attack of acute pancreatitis

Factors Influencing Intimate Partner Violence

The woman with intimate partner violence is facing more challenges and barriers in domestic circle and it terribly affects the healthy family life. This paper is based on issues and health consequences of family life of women with partner violence. Papers are collected from the online data base like Scopus, Sage, Pub Med, Google scholar, Elsevier and Springer, J-Stor since 2000. Specific search terms were domestic violence, marital partner violence, intimate partner violence, spousal abuse, gender-based violence. The articles were reviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria the reviews classified into demographic factors and personal factors and its health consequences. Comparisons in the prior review still the partner violence is prevalent. Recommendations for intervention and suitable techniques should be introduced to eradicate and gain an alert is protecting from all violence’s

Factors Influencing Hand Dermatitis in Nurses

PURPOSE: This descriptive research was on hand dermatitis in clinical nurses. Nurses often have a high rate of hand dermatitis with several factors associated with the dermatitis. The factors analyzed in this study included; general characteristics, work-related factors, hand washing, and allergies relate to hand dermatitis. METHODS: Data were collected from April to May 2016. The subjects were nurses who had worked 12 months or more in a University Hospital. They voluntarily gave their consent for the research. The Symptombased questionnaires were sent to 220 nurses and 199 responses were returned. Collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, χ2-test, and logistic regression analysis using SPSS 23.0. RESULTS: Prevalence of dermatitis in nurses was 48.2%. Nurses who had worked for over three years were twice more likely to suffer hand dermatitis than nurses who had worked for 3 years or less (adjusted odds ratio [adj. OR]=1.97, p=.036). Nurses who used alcohol sponge swabs more than 20 times per shift were 2.5 times more likely to suffer hand dermatitis as compared to those who used them less times (adj. OR=2.51, p=.023). CONCLUSION: Results revealed that about a half of the clinical nurses suffered from hand dermatitis, hence it is crucial to find appropriate interventions for dermatitis prevention. This concern needs to be addressed especially in nurses who have more work experience and use more alcohol sponge swabs.

Research Progress of Acute Ischemic Stroke Treated with Thrombolytic / 现代生物医学进展

Stroke is a common neurological diseases with high morbidity,high mortality and high morbidity characteristics,which brings great suffer and economic burden to the patients and families,and has become an important research topic in contemporary medical profession.Treatment directly affects the prognosis of patients with cerebral infarction,and thus it is very important to find the most effective treatments and methods.Currently,thrombolytic therapy in acute cerebral infarction have carried out a large number of experimental studies,and achieved good results.This paper reviewed the thrombolytic therapy in acute cerebral infarctionincluding the time window,methods and drugs of thrombolysis,and the influencing factors of outcomes were also summarized and discussed.

A study on factors influencing farmer’s satisfaction level towards Agricultural produce marketing committee (Rajnandgaon district).

Agriculture is an important element of Indian economy. The vast majority of this country’s population depends on agriculture for its livelihood. So it becomes very important to offer farmers a fair market for his produce at fair price .Governments agricultural policies and Agri-marketing schemes should be huge,effective, organized and systematic. For fulfilling this purpose the Agricultural produce marketing committees were established. They work under district regulated market set up by the different state governments to sell the agricultural produce directly from farmer(as seller) to purchasers . There is no middleman in between the market transactions. The present study is focused on the factors influencing farmers satisfaction level towards Agricultural produce marketing committee of Rajnandgaon district .

Contributory Factors to the Smoking of Shisha among Teenagers in the Perak City of Ipoh: A Preliminary Qualitative Survey

The purpose of this study is to explore the reasons of Shisha smoking among teenagers in Ipoh, Perak. Data was collected using in-depth face to face interview. Purposive convenient sampling was used to select volunteer respondents from one of the Shisha restaurant located at Ipoh. The interviews were conducted for 15-20 minutes, recorded using video tape. The data obtained was transcribed and coded for the purpose of thematic analysis. All respondents were influenced by peers in their first attempt in Shisha smoking. Other reasons attracting them to continue smoking Shisha include appealing smell and the flavoured taste of Shisha, easy to access, perceived that Shisha was not addictive and its’ cheaper price. In terms of perception on health risk, all respondents believed that Shisha was less harmful compared to cigarette smoking. More educational programme, health talk about risk of Shisha should be developed and conducted to rectify the misconception about health risk of Shisha smoking. The target population should be focus on male teenagers who smoke Shisha in order to control the widespread Shisha smoking in Malaysia.

Adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con hipertensión arterial del Policlínico Universitario Manuel Fajardo en el Municipio Cruces, Cienfuegos, 2009 / Therapeutical support in patients presenting with high blood pressure from the \"Manuel Fajardo\" University Polyclinic in the Cruces municipality, Cienfuegos, 2009

Introducción: La adherencia terapéutica en pacientes hipertensos se ha convertido en un problema de gran importancia a nivel mundial. Objetivos: Describir los niveles de adherencia e identificar los factores que influyen en esta. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en hipertensos del área de salud Cruces, a la que pertenece el Policlínico Universitario Manuel Piti Fajardo del municipio Cruces, en la provincia de Cienfuegos, en el año 2009. La muestra quedó conformada por 351 pacientes. La información se obtuvo con la aplicación del cuestionario MBG (Martín, Bayarre y Grau) y un cuestionario para estudiar los factores que influyen en la adherencia. Ambas técnicas fueron procesadas con procedimientos estadísticos. Resultados: En el estudio existió un predominio de pacientes adheridos y la presencia de factores de diferente naturaleza que se relacionan con la adherencia tales como: características de la enfermedad y el tratamiento, factores socioeconómicos y demográficos, características del paciente y del equipo o sistema de asistencia sanitaria. Conclusiones: Se evidenciaron tres niveles de adherencia terapéutica: total, parcial y no adheridos. Predominaron los adheridos totales en relación con los demás

Introduction: The therapeutical support in hypertensive patients becomes a very important problem at worldwide. Objectives: To describe the support levels and to identify the factors influencing on it. Methods: A cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted in hypertensive patients from the Manuel Piti Fajardo University Polyclinic of the Cruces municipality in Cienfuegos province, 2009. Sample included 351 patients. Information was collected using the MGB questionnaire (Martín, Bayarre y Grau) and another one to study the factors influencing in support. Both techniques were processed using statistical procedures. Results: In study there was predominance of patients supported and also the presence of different factors related to support including: treatment and diseases features, socioeconomic and demographic factors, patient and staff features or health assistance system. Conclusions: There were demonstrated three levels of therapeutical support: total, partial and no-supported, with predominance of total supported regarding other patients

Adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico en personas con factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular, montería, 2010 / Adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment in people with risk factors for cardiovascular disease, Montería, 2010

El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar el grado de adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico en personas con factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Es un estudio descriptivo, transversal, con abordaje cuantitativo, en una muestra de 204 pacientes inscritos en el programa de promoción de la salud y prevención de la enfermedad cardiovascular en una IPS del Municipio de Montería, Colombia. Para obtener la información se utilizó la cuarta versión del instrumento "para evaluar los factores que influyen en la adherencia a tratamientos farmacológicos y no farmacológicos en pacientes con factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular" diseñado por Bonilla y Gutiérrez, 2006. El grado de adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico y no farmacológico de los participantes mostró 67% en situación de ventaja para adherencia; 29% en situación de riesgo a no adherirse y 4% en situación de no adherencia. Estos tres grupos varían estadísticamente con relación a las cuatro dimensiones estudiadas, siendo la Dimensión II: relacionada con el proveedor, la que aportó mayor diferencia. Estos hallazgos permiten destacar la importancia de la relación pacienteproveedor en el grado de adherencia de los pacientes, haciendo necesario que la institución, equipo de salud y enfermería, enfaticen las acciones de autocuidado con orientación, enseñanza, apoyo y acompañamiento permanente, como lo plantea Orem, teniendo en cuenta las características individuales evidenciadas en cada grupo y la información acorde con sus necesidades y expectativas que favorezcan una adecuada adherencia.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the degree of adherence to farmacological and non-farmacological treatment in people with cardiovascular risk. The study adopted a descriptive, transversal design within a quantitative approach, in a sample of 204 people that were registered in a cardiovascular disease prevention and health promotion program in a Health Provider Institution (HPI) in Monteria (Colombia). In order to collect data, the fourth version of the instrument called "to evaluate the factors that influence the adherence to farmacological and non-farmacological treatments in people showing risk factors of cardiovascular disease," designed by Bonilla and Gutierrez (2006), was used. The results of the study show that 67% of participants are in a favorable situation towards adherence, 29% in a situation of risk towards non-adherence and a 4% in a situation of non-adherence. These three groups vary statistically along the four dimensions that the instrument includes, being Dimension II: related to the provider, the one that showed the larger difference. The results of the study allow us to highlight that the patient-provider relation is of great importance for the degree of adherence that patients may have. This implies that the institution and the health provider and nursing team should emphasize educational, support, monitoring, and advise actions, and carry out permanent couching as Orem advises. All these actions should be based on the individual characteristics of the different groups and the information realted to their needs and expectations, in such a way that they promote an appropriate adherence.

Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Customers' Demands in Drugstore / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To give advice for drugstores on how to meet customers' demands effectively and build core competitive power in China.METHODS:The characteristics of customers' demands were put forward from customers' point of view.The factors influencing customers' demands were analyzed as well.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Customers' demands in drugstores are characterized by passivity,compulsion,urgency,target-orientation etc;customers' demands are influenced by price,income,time variation and customers' personalities;only if drugstores are aware of the characteristics of customers' demands and bring controllable factors influencing customers' demands under control can they achieve the dual goals of establishing core competitive power meanwhile satisfying customers' demands.

Microsurgical Reversal of Tubal Sterilization :A Report on 1,118 Cases / 대한산부인과학회잡지

This study was performed to review and evaluate a series of 1,118 patients who und-erwent microsurgical reanastomosis of previously sterilized fallopian tubes in the 134-month span encompassing January, 1980 to Febrary, 1991 at Seoul National University Hospital. Clinical characteristics of patients, pregnancy rates, and factors influencing the outcome of microsurgical tubal reversal were analyzed. Of 1,118 patients, 633(56.6%) had been sterilized by laparoscopic cautery. Loss of ch- ildren was a leading reason for requesting tubal reversal. The mean interval between tubal sterilization and reversal was 51.9 months. The postoperative tubal length was 6 cm or more in 76.0%. Nine hundred and twenty-two(82.5%) patients were followed up for more than 5 years. Overall pregnancy rate after microsurgical tubal reanastomosis was 54.8%(505 /922) with delivery rate of 71.5%(418/585), and the estimated anatomical success rate was 88.2%(814/922). In 505 pregnant cases, mean age of patients was younger and postoperati- ve tubal length was longer with statistical significance compared with 417 nonpregnant cases. Pregnancy rate was significantly correlated with postoperative tubal length, but not with method and duration of sterilization or operative procedure. These data suggest that only the postoperative tubal length is a factor influencing si- gnificantly pregnancy rate after microsurgical reversal of tubal sterilization.