Study on the effect of processing methods on the total polyphenol, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilben-2-O-ß-D-glucoside, and physcion contents in Fallopia multiflora Thunb. Haraldson root

Abstract This study investigated the changes in the ingredients in Fallopia multiflora Thunb. Haraldson (FMT) root after processing it with different methods such as soaking, stewing, and steaming or combined methods. The total polyphenol, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilben-2-O-ß-D-glucoside (THSG), and physcion contents in FMT products after processing were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) methods. The results demonstrated that the processing method and time significantly affected the contents of polyphenol, THSG, and physcion. The physcion and total polyphenol content increased or decreased during processing depending upon the processing time, while the THSG content gradually decreased with an increase in the processing time. The content of physcion (a substance that can cause liver toxicity) was analysed, and the suitable conditions for processing of the FMT products were determined as initial soaking in rice swill for 24 h and subsequent stewing with black beans and water for 12 h

Identification of Fallopia multiflora by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction / 中草药

Objective :To establish a rapid molecular identification method for Fallopia multiflora and its adulterants. Methods: Based on psbA-trnH sequences of F. multiflora and its adulterants, the SNP site was searched and the specific primers were designed. The allele-specific PCR amplification of F. multiflora and its adulterants from different producing areas was carried out and the reaction system was optimized. Results: When the annealing temperature was raised to 48 ℃ with 30 cycle number, only the template DNA of F. multiflora could be amplified to obtain the specific 191 bp band whereas the diagnostic PCRs of the other adulterants were all negative. Conclusion: It’s simple and reliable to identify the authenticity of F. multifloa by allele loci specific PCR.

Cloning and characterization of UDP-L-rhamnose synthase 1/2 from Fallopia multiflora / 药学学报

UDP-rhamnose is a rhamnose donor in a reaction catalyzed by UDP-rhamnose synthase (RHM), and plays an important role in the biosynthesis of rhamnoside compounds. The current literature suggests that there are only a few genes can encode the corresponding enzymes to participate in UDP-rhamnose biosynthesis in plants. In this study, two RHM genes (FmRHM1 & 2) were first cloned by using the transcriptomic data of Fallopia multiflora (Thunb) Harald and the multidimensional analysis, including bioinformatics, functional identification in vitro and tissue-specific expression analysis. The results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of FmRHM1 & 2 genes both were 2 013 bp, encode proteins consisting of 670 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 75.6 kDa, and the theoretical isoelectric points of 6.20 and 7.19, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis also indicated that FmRHM1 & 2 contained 2 special sequences of GxxGxxG/A and YxxxK. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the FmRHM gene has a high homology with RHM of other species. The results of enzyme activity in vitro revealed that both recombinant FmRHM1 and FmRHM2 have catalytic activities for converting UDP-glucose into UDP-rhamnose. Measurements of tissue-specific expressions showed that the expression levels of FmRHM1 and FmRHM2 were lower in roots. On the contrary, the 2 genes showed significantly high expression in the stems and leaves. In conclusion, we have cloned and characterized the RHM gene function for the first time in F. multiflora. Here we have provided the preliminary data suggesting the need for further research on UDP-rhamnose biosynthesis by microorganisms.

Chemical constituents from Fallopia multiflora / 中成药

AIM To study the chemical constituents of Fallopia multiflora (Thunb.) Harald.var.cillinerve (Nakai) A.J.Li.METHODS The 95％ ethanol extract of the roots from F.multiflora was isolated and purified by silica column and Sephadex LH-20,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.RESULTS Ten compounds were isolated and identified as β-sitosterol (1),daucosterol (2),gallic acid (3),succinic acid (4),α-D-glucose (5),Annulatin 3'-O-β-D-xyloside (6),kaempferitrin (7),inotodisaccharide (8),n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside (9),erythritol (10).CONCLUSION Compounds 6-10 are isolated from genus Fallopia for the first time,compounds 3-10 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Comparison of Precise Powder Decoction Pieces and Original Traditional Chinese Medical Slices of Rhizomatic—A Case Study on Fallopia multiflora Radix Preparata / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study aimed at investigating the drug preparation of precise powder decoction pieces (PPDP) system,Fallopia multiflora radix preparata (FMRP) was employed in this study.Different specifications of PPDP were prepared,their extract rates were in contrast with the original pieces.Compared the quality uniformity of three batches between FMRP original slices and its PPDP extraction,the similarity of the chemical fingerprints was evaluated,and the contents of common peaks and quality uniformity were compared by relative peak areas.ITS2 sequence was taken as a DNA barcode to identify F.multiflora radix (FMR).As a result,the extract rate of PPDP was 2.5 times as much as the original slices.The average content of stilbene glucoside from the three original slices and the PPDP extraction were 3.56 ± 2.61 and 13.23 ± 0.37 mg·g-1,respectively;while the RSD were 73.28％ and 2.82％.The similarity of the fingerprints of the PPDP extraction was almost the same as that of the original slices,but the content and the uniformity of the common peaks of the PPDP extraction were significantly improved.Thus,FMR was accurately identified using ITS2 sequences.It was concluded that the PPDP considerably improve the decocting rate and quality uniformity,indicating that PPDP could save resources and improve the clinical efficacy.

Effects ofPolygonum multiflorum Thunb. water extraction by different processed temperature on acute liver injury induced by CCl4 in mice / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective To explore the effects ofPolygonum multiflorum Thunb. by different processed temperature on acute liver injury induced by CCl4 in mice. MethodsA total of 140 KM mice were randomly divided into the control group, the positive drug group, the model group, the 100℃, 110℃, and 120℃ processed group and crude drug group, all the groups above were in sequence given the equal normal saline, silymarin (10 mg/kg), 100℃ extract (100 mg/kg), 110℃ extract (100 mg/kg), 120℃ extract (100 mg/kg) and crude drug extract (100 mg/kg) each day, respectively. After 7 days, apart of the control group, the other groups were established the acute liver injury model by the carbon tetrachloride. The blood and liver of mice were taken after 24 h post-model made. The levels of AST, ALT, Alb, TP, IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1, SOD, MDA and GSH-Px were detected, and liver pathological features of each group were observed.Results Compared with the model group, the levels of ALT (132.14 ± 19.66 U/L, 81.55 ± 12.67 U/L, 169.37 ± 24.18 U/Lvs. 261.84 ± 31.61 U/L), AST (231.57 ± 38.38 U/L, 181.73 ± 36.52 U/L, 318.36 ± 39.68 U/Lvs. 624.79 ± 49.98 U/L), IL-6 (10.35 ± 1.62 pg/ml, 6.26 ± 1.36 pg/ml, 12.57 ± 1.88 pg/mlvs. 18.73 ± 5.54 pg/ml), TNF-α (243.74 ± 13.02 pg/ml, 189.36 ± 9.85 pg/ml, 273.13 ± 14.64 pg/mlvs. 314.36 ± 29.67 pg/ml), IL-1 (235.36 ± 30.14 pg/ml, 208.07 ± 9.33 pg/ml, 48.21 ± 33.15 pg/mlvs.264.76 ± 32.55 pg/ml) in the 100℃, 110℃, 120℃ group significantly decreased (P<0.05). The levels of TP (69.16 ± 2.96 g/L, 74.14 ± 3.17 g/L, 65.73 ± 2.22 g/Lvs. 62.06 ± 2.65 g/L), Alb (35.86 ± 2.64 g/L, 36.67 ± 2.81 g/L, 34.06 ± 2.64 g/Lvs. 32.16 ± 2.05 g/L) in the 100℃, 110℃, and 120℃ group significantly increased (P<0.05). The levels of SOD (82.94 ± 6.21 U/mg, 101.33 ± 9.16 U/mg, 71.32 ± 5.15 U/mg vs. 66.22 ± 1.13 U/mg), GSH-Px (153.39 ± 15.23 U, 199.25 ± 12.04 U, 159.26 ± 17.18 Uvs. 64.79 ± 32.56 U) in the 100℃, 110℃, and 120℃ group significantly increased (P<0.05), while the level of MDA (0.96 ± 0.22 nmol/mg, 0.69 ± 0.13 nmol/mg, 1.29 ± 0.13 nmol/mgvs.1.71 ± 0.33 nmol/mg) in the 100℃, 110℃, and 120℃ group significantly decreased (P<0.05). Conclusions Different processed temperature ofPolygonum Multiflorum Thunb. water extract on liver injury in mice caused by carbon tetrachloride is not the same. The 110℃ processed temperature showd the best liver protection.

Effects of long-term consumption of Fallopia multiflora on mouse hematopoietic system / 中国比较医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term consumption of Fallopia multiflora on mouse hematopoietic system.Methods Forty 10-month old female C57BL/6J mice were equally divided into two groups at random, the control group fed with normal food , and the experimental group , given food with added Fallopia multiflora. After 10 month, the mice were sacrificed, and the peripheral blood, spleen, thymus and bone marrow cells were examined by flow cytometry.Results In the mice fed with Fallopia multiflora, the percentage of B cells in the spleen and CD 4 +cells in the thymus were increased , and CD8 + cells in the thymus and bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells were decreased , among the bone marrow cells , G0 cells were increased , but G1 and G2/S/M cells decreased .Conclusions Long-term proper consumption of Fallopia multiflora can delay the ageing of the hematopoietic system , and sustain its stability.