RESUMO
El estudio tiene como objetivo describir la efectividad de la funcionalidad familiar en las familias con hijos en preescolar, matriculados en el colegio San Rafael, Bogotá, en el primer semestre del 2008 en la jornada de la mañana, desde la perspectiva teórica de la Organización Sistémica de Marie L. Friedemann, El diseño corresponde a un estudio de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal con abordaje cuantitativo. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante la aplicación del instrumento "Escala de Evaluación de la efectividad de la funcionalidad familiar" versión en español de M. L. Friedemann. Los datos de caracterización de las familias fueron obtenidos mediante la aplicación de una encuesta sociodemográfica. Muestra estudiada destaca el predominio de las familias que viven en unión libre (58%), con 4 y 6 integrantes (68%), en ciclo familiar con preescolar (47%), con un ingreso mensual de dos salarios mínimos (47%) y un salario mínimo (45%), producto del empleo formal (57%) e informal (35%), la mayoría de los integrantes de las familias han alcanzado el grado de escolaridad secundaria completa (38%) incompleta (27%). La mayor parte de los participantes de las familias fueron las madres o padres (83%). El 78% profesan mayoritariamente la religión católica. En cuanto a la efectividad de la funcionalidad familiar, predomina el nivel bajo (52%) seguido del nivel intermedio (47%) y con un escaso nivel alto de funcionalidad (2%). En conclusión, las familias con hijos en preescolar del estudio reportan nivel bajo de efectividad familiar (52%) e intermedio (47%), como respuesta al proceso dinámico entre las dimensiones y las metas de los sistemas familiares del estudio.
The present investigation had as objectives to describe the effectiveness of the familiar functionality of the families of students from the Nursing Faculty from The Fundación Unviersitaria Sanitas and to determine if there is an association between the level of functionality and effectiveness of the academic performance of students. It is a quantitative study, analytical of transversal cut, developed with a sample of 115 households where the informants were the students of this institution. A survey was used to carry out the sociodemographic characterization of the families, the instrument "Scale for Assessment of the effectiveness of the familiar functionality" E-EFF20, Spanish version of M. L. Friedemann to determine the level of effectiveness of family functionality and to measure the academic performance, the average accumulated during the semester courses for each student was used. It was found that 45% of the analyzed families are nuclear and 54% of couples are married and 22% separated, the number of members of 64% of the families varies between 4 and 6 members and 26% between 2 and 3, 87% of them are in the socioeconomic levels of 5 and 6 (family with an adolescent and families in a launch pad), the average monthly income was in 33% of these families of 3 minimum salary wages, while 27% receive 2 times the minimum salary wage and 26% four minimum salary wages. The kinship of the informants with the family in 84% are children of which 93% were females. With regard to the religion professed 83% of students declared themselves Catholics and 11% Christians. In 87% of the participants the higher level of education is complete high school and 11% technical or technological. As for the effectiveness of the familiar functionality 55% have a low level, 39% have an intermediate level and 6% in high level. The estimated level of statistical association between the degree of familiar functionality of the 115 university students and the academic performance accumulated, was measured by Pearson correlation coefficient which showed a value of 0.242 which establishes that, besides the existence of a positive association between the two variables under analysis, the presence of a weak association. In addition, it was estimated through a simple linear regression model that at a higher level of familiar functionality, higher levels of academic achievement expected, for every one unit increase in the level of familiar functionality, it is expected that the cumulative academic average of a student increases in 0.228 units.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Família , Pré-Escolar , Efetividade , Enfermagem FamiliarRESUMO
La familia es el entorno donde inicialmente se establecen el comportamiento y las decisiones en materia de salud, constituyendo la primera red de apoyo que posee el individuo durante toda su vida. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal con las familias pertenecientes al Consultorio Núm. 22 con el objetivo de caracterizar las mismas y determinar su funcionalidad. Fueron estudiadas 127 familias de las 152 que componen nuestro universo. Los datos fueron recogidos en una base de datos creada en Microsoft Excel y procesados con el sistema SPSS. Encontramos en nuestro estudio un predominio de las familias nucleares, las medianas y aquellas en etapa de contracción según las variables aplicadas para la caracterización familiar. Las principales dificultades en el cumplimiento de las funciones básicas de las familias estuvieron relacionadas con incumplimiento de las funciones económicas y educativas, dado por la adquisición de medicamentos y la desvinculación laboral, así como, teniendo en cuenta los factores que influyen en las condiciones materiales de vida, las familias presentaron mayores dificultades en la presencia de hacinamiento y en la satisfacción con los ingresos predominando las medianamente satisfechas y las insatisfechas todo lo cual repercute en el funcionamiento familiar.
The family is the environment were it is initially established the behavior and decisions in health matters, being the first supporting net that the individuals have for all their lives. A descriptive transversal study was done with the families that belonged to the outpatient clinic No. 22 with the aim to characterize them and determine their functionality. 127 families were studied out of the 152 that were our universe. The data were processed in Excel and the SPSS data base. We found a high proportion of nuclear families, medium ones and those in contraction phase, according to the variables applied for the familiar characterization. The main difficulties of the families were those related with the non accomplishment of the economic and educative functions, given by their medications acquirement and their unemployment, as well as, having in consideration the factors that influence the material conditions of their lives, families had difficulties because of the cram index and the satisfaction with income, predominating those mildly satisfied and unsatisfied ones. All of which has a repercussion in family function.