Inhibition of preadipocyte differentiation by Lycium barbarum polysaccharide treatment in 3T3-L1 cultures

BACKGROUND: Lycium barbarum (also called wolfberry), a famous Chinese traditional medicine and food ingredient, is well recognized for its significant role in preventing obesity; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its preventive effects on fat accumulation are not well understood yet. The aim of this study was to determine the effects and mechanism of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. MTT was used to detect the proliferation of 3T3-Ll preadipocytes. Oil red O staining and colorimetric analysis were used to detect cytosolic lipid accumulation during 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qPCR) technology was used to detect peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor c (PPARc), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein a (C/EBPa), adipocyte fatty-acid-binding protein (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression. RESULTS: The concentration of LBP from 25 to 200 lg/mL showed a tendency to inhibit the growth of preadipocytes at 24 h, and it inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner. In the preadipocytes treated with 200 lg/mL LBP, there were reduced lipid droplets in the cytoplasm, and its effect was opposite to that of rosiglitazone (ROS), which significantly reduced the PPARc, C/EBPa, aP2, FAS, and LPL mRNA expression of adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS: LBP exerts inhibitive effects on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and decreases the cytoplasm accumulation of lipid droplets during induced differentiation of preadipocytes toward mature cells. Above phenomenon might link to lowered expression of PPARc, C/EBPa, aP2, FAS, and LPL after LBP treatment. Thus, LBP could serve as a potential plant extract to treat human obesity or improve farm animal carcass quality via adjusting lipid metabolism.

Leucosceptroid B from glandular trichomes of Leucosceptrum canum reduces fat accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans through suppressing unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis / 中国天然药物

Obesity that is highly associated with numerous metabolic diseases has become a global health issue nowdays. Plant sesterterpenoids are an important group of natural products with great potential; thus, their bioactivities deserve extensive exploration. RNA-seq analysis indicated that leucosceptroid B, a sesterterpenoid previously discovered from the glandular trichomes of Leucosceptrum canum, significantly regulated the expression of 10 genes involved in lipid metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, leucosceptroid B was found to reduce fat storage, and downregulate the expression of two stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) genes fat-6 and fat-7, and a fatty acid elongase gene elo-2 in wild-type C. elegans. In addition, leucosceptroid B significantly decreased fat accumulation in both fat-6 and fat-7 mutant worms but did not affect the fat storage of fat-6; fat-7 double mutant. These findings indicated that leucosceptroid B reduced fat storage depending on the downregulated expression of fat-6, fat-7 and elo-2 and thereby inhibiting the biosynthesis of the corresponding unsaturated fatty acid. These findings provide new insights into the development and utilization of plant sesterterpenoids as potential antilipemic agents.

Impact of fatty pancreas and lifestyle on the development of subclinical chronic pancreatitis in healthy people undergoing a medical checkup

BACKGROUND@#Although fat accumulation in human organs is associated with a variety of diseases, there is little evidence about the effect of a fatty pancreas on the development of subclinical chronic pancreatitis over the clinical course.@*METHODS@#We conducted a prospective cohort study from 2008 to 2014 of patients who underwent a medical checkup consultation for fat accumulated in the pancreas. Patients included in the analysis were divided into a non-fatty pancreas group (n = 9710) and fatty pancreas group (n = 223). The primary end point was the odds ratio (OR) for chronic pancreatitis associated with fatty pancreas, which was diagnosed using ultrasonography. We used a multiple logistic regression model to estimate the OR and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI).@*RESULTS@#Ninety-two people were diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis, including both presumptive and definitive diagnoses. Twelve people were diagnosed with chronic pancreatitis by ultrasonography among the 223 patients with fatty pancreas, and 80 patients among 9710 were diagnosed with non-fatty pancreas. The crude OR was 6.85 (95% CI 3.68, 12.75), and the multiple adjusted OR was 3.96 (95% CI 2.04, 7.66).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Fat accumulation in the pancreas could be a risk factor for developing subclinical chronic pancreatitis.

Application of radiofrequency lipolysis combined with linear lifting in 237 cases of facial rejuvenation / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To explore the application of radiofrequency lipolysis combined with line-ar lifting in fine lipolysis ,facial rejuvenation and treatment of common complications .Methods From February 2016 to October 2018 ,237 patients were treated by radiofrequency lipolysis combined with linear lifting .According to the patient's face shape ,skin laxity and fat accumulation ,the thickness of fat was measured by B-mode ultrasonography before operation ,and the operative plan was formulated after sufficient communication with the patients .Then ,we marked the range of lipolysis ,the orienta-tion of serrated line and the position of puncture point ,followed by the adjustment of the treatment parameters .Subsequently ,we placed FaceTite handle after swelling anesthesia ,moving slowly and fixing the treatment point ,as well as monitoring the temperature and swelling status of the skin .Im-mediately after the completion of lipolysis ,the treatment area of skin was ice compressed ,with the trocar needles inserted and serrated lines introduced for linear lifting operation .Neck-jaw sleeves were put on after operation .Results 237 patients had different degrees of post-operative edema ,of which the period ranged from 2 to 7 days .168 patients were followed up for 6 to 24 months ,and 8 patients had subcutaneous sclerosis that then gradually disappeared within 2 months after operation .Folliculitis occurred in 5 cases of scalp puncture ,and recovered after topical antibiotics .Facial skin relaxation and sagging ,fat accumulation ,facial shape ,pouch and wrinkles of 160 patients were improved in varying degrees ,and the outcomes of facial rejuvenation were obvious .However ,the self-reported treatment outcomes of 7 patients were not obvious .One patient was reported that the sagging of the skin after sacrificial lipolysis was worse than before ;48 patients underwent autologous fat transplantation ,botu-linum toxin injection ,hot pull ,E-light ,and water-light injection during the follow-up period ,and were not included in the evaluation of efficacy ;21 patients were lost to follow-up .Conclusions Radio-frequency lipolysis combined with linear lifting is an effective method for facial rejuvenation ,and it has obvious effect in fining lipolysis and facial rejuvenation by avoiding the disadvantage of single approach . Post-operative edema should be controlled and avoided to improve patients'satisfaction .

Effects of Capsaicin on Fat Accumulation in Rats with High Fat Diet and Alcohol / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

Objectives: We studied the effects of capsaicin (CP) with high fat diets and alcohol (Alc）on the weight of accumulated fat and oxidative stress in rats. Methods: The Sprague-Dawley rats of 4weeks male were fed for 4 weeks with the experimental diets using high fat diet. The rats were divided Control group, CP group, Alc group and CP+Alc group. Alcohol was used as a drinking solution instead of water. The control group was fed without capsaicin. It was measured fat accumulation and oxidative stress in rats. Results: There was no different between each group with respect to the body weigt gain and total foods intake. The posterior abdominal wall fat weight, concentration of liver triglyceride and oxidative stress degree of the CP group and the CP+Alc group were lower significantly than those of the Control group, and those of the CP+Alc group was lower significantly than thoes of the Alc group. Conclusion: These results suggested that the high fat diets and alcohol diets containing the capsaicin appear to effectively decrease the fat accumulation and oxidative stress. The capsaicin were expected to prevent dyslipidemia.

Study of Inhibitory Effect of Polyphenols from Fragaria ananassa on Fat Accumulation in Rat White Adipocyte / 日本補完代替医療学会誌

On the study of polyphenols from Fragaria ananassa fruit, we reported that some polyphenols showed inhibition of metabolic enzyme, cytochrome P450. Continuous study of health effects of F. ananassa fruit, we isolated a new quercetin glycoside, flagarin, quercetin-3-O- β-glucuronyl- (2→1)- β-D-xyloside along with ten known compounds. Those compounds showed inhibitory activity of fat accumulation in rat white adipocyte. Among the isolated compounds, strictinin and the new compound, flagarin showed high inhibitory activity of fat accumulation in rat white adipocyte.

Optimal extraction of Phaeoporus obliquus saponins and its scavenging effect on fat accumulation in HepG2 cells / 吉林大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To investigate the ability of Phaeoporus obliquus saponins in scavenging the fat accumulation of liver cells, and to clarify its effect on the prevention of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: The safe concentrations of Phaeoporus obliquus in the HepG2 cells was selected by MTT method. The cells treated with 60. 000, 6. 000, 0. 600, 0. 060, and 0. 006 g · L-1 Phaeoporus obliquus saponins were regarded as treatment groups; the blank well without drugs and cells was regarded as control group, and the HepG2 cells without drugs were regarded as model group. The survival rates of HepG2 cells in various groups were detected by MTT method; the clearance rates of triglyceride (TG) in the HepG2 cells in various groups were detected; the morphology of HepG2 cells was detected by oil red O staining. Results: The optimum extraction condition of Phaeoporus obliquus saponins were as followed: the liquid ratio was 1: 15, the extraction temperature was 30°C, the extraction time was 30 min, and the ultrasonic power was 50%. Compared with control group, the survival rate of HepG2 cells in 0. 060 g · L-1 Phaeoporus obliquus saponins group was decreased and the clearance rate of TG was increased (P<0. 05), and the lipid interfusion in cells was significantly reduced. Compared with control group, the survival rate of HepG2 cells in 0. 600 g · L-1 Phaeoporus obliquus saponins group was decreased and the clearance rate of TG was increased (P < 0. 01), and the number of lipid drops was significantly reduced. Conclusion: The extraction rate of Phaeoporus obliquus saponins is obviously improved under the optimum extraction conditions and it has good in vitro lipid-lowering activity, and it has better preventive effect on NAFLD.

Effects of water extract of Radix Isatidison proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the effect of water extract of Radix Isatidis(WERI)on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.Methods 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured to explore the effect of WERI on their proliferation measured by MTT and flow cytometry.Oil red O staining was applied to investigate the effect of different concentrations of WERI on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

Effects of androgen deficiency on visceral fat accumulation and inflammatory gene expression in miniature pigs fed a high-fat diet / 中国实验动物学报

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effect of androgen deficiency on serum hormone levels, visceral fat accumulation and inflammatory gene expression in miniature pigs fed a high-fat diet ( HFD) . Methods Sexually mature male Chinese Wuzhishan miniature pigs were divided into three groups ( animals/group) as follows:intact male pigs ( SHAM) , castrated male pigs ( CAS) and castrated male pigs plus testosterone treatment ( CAS+T) . The pigs were fed a HFD diet for 12 weeks. Serum levels of testosterone and leptin were measured and visceral fat were dissected and weighted. qRT?PCR was performed to determine the mRNA expression levels of lipogenic, lipolysis and inflammation relat?ed genes. Results (1) Serum testosterone levels were significantly decreased but serum leptin levels were significantly in?creased in the castrated pigs. These effects were recovered after testosterone treatment. ( 2 ) Visceral fat percentage was significantly increased in the castrated pigs, and testosterone treatment reduced the increased visceral fat in the castrated pigs. (3) Castration and testosterone treatment had no significant effects on the expression levels of lipogenic genes (FAS and ACC) and lipolysis genes (HSL and ATGL) in pigs fed a HFD. (5) Castration significantly induced the expressions of inflammatory genes including Leptin, CD68, CCL16, CCL23 and SAA, and testosterone treatment recovered the expres?sions of the above genes in the castrated pigs. Conclusions Castration?induced testosterone deficiency promotes visceral fat accumulation and upregulates the expression levels of inflammatory genes in miniature pigs fed a HFD. Moreover, tes?tosterone treatment ameliorates castration?induced visceral fat accumulation and inflammatory response in HFD?fed pigs.

Intervention Effects of(E)-4-[2-(4-Chlorophenoxy)-2-Methylpropanoyloxy]-3-Methoxyphenyl Acrylic Acid on Fat Accumulation in Human Hepatoma HepG2 Cells / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the intervention effects of (E)-4-[2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-2-methylpropanoyloxy]-3-me-thoxyphenyl acrylic acid (AZ) on fat accumulation in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. METHODS:Oleic acid was used to induce fat accumulation in HepG2 cells in logarithmic phase for establishing models of fat accumulation,which were divided into a model group,a positive control group(100 μg/ml simvastatin),and the groups of 15.63,31.25,62.5,125,250,500 and 1 000 μg/ml AZ,and a normal control group was set up. MTT method was used to detect the survival rates of all groups of cells,kit was per-formed to determine the contents of triglyceride (TG) in all groups of cells and calculate the clearance rates,and oil red O stain was conducted to observe the lipid droplet morphology of all groups of cells. RESULTS:Compared to the normal control group, the model group and the groups of 15.63-125 μg/ml AZ demonstrated no obviously different survival rate of cells,and the groups of 250-1 000 μg/ml AZ had lower survival rate of cells. There was statistically significance (P<0.05). The contents of TG in the cells of the model group were higher than those in the cells of the normal control group. The positive control group and the groups of 62.5 and 125 μg/ml AZ had lower contents of TG in the cells compared to the model group,showing a TG clearance rate of (28.58 ± 0.15)%,(14.51 ± 0.09)% and (29.72 ± 0.16)% respectively. There was statistically significance (P<0.01 or P<0.05). There were much more lipid droplets in the cells of the model group than in those of the normal control group. The lipid droplets in AZ groups gradually became less in quantity and smaller with the increasing in drug concentration. CONCLUSIONS:AZ has inter-vention effect on fat accumulation in HepG2 cells.

Receptor-4 de melanocortina / Melanocortin-4 receptor: relevance in eating behaviour

The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a G-protein-linked receptor widely expressed in the hypothalamus and in other central nervous system regions crucially involved in energy homeostasis. Genetic mutations of MC4R are considered as the most frequent cause of rare monogenic forms of human obesity. In the hypothalamus, leptin stimulates pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons of the arcuate nucleus, resulting in the release of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), a cleavage product of POMC, which binds MC4R in in second order neurons of the paraventricular nucleus generating an anorexigenic response. In contrast, the Agouti-Related Protein (AGRP) is an inverse agonist of MC4R that induces an orexigenic response. MC4R expressed in other different brain areas seems to be related to different aspects of eating behaviour such as meal choice and termination. On the other hand, it has been described that MC4R reciprocally regulate preganglionic sympathetic and parasympathetic cholinergic neurons controlling energy expenditure, heart rate, blood pressure, fuel partitioning, as well as glucose and lipid metabolism. Active research is being carried out in order to identify the useof safe MC4R agonists that act in the central nervous system for the treatment of obesity, without having undesirable side effects such as increases in heart rate or blood pressure...

Effects of habitual exercise and diet restriction on the hepatic fat accumulation in Zucker fatty rats / 体力科学

We investigated the effects of habitual exercise and diet restriction on the hepatic fat accumulation in Zucker fatty rats. Male 6-week-old Zucker fatty rats were divided into obese (Ob), diet restriction (DR), and diet restriction + exercise (DR + Ex) groups. Male Zucker lean rats (L) were used as a control group. The rats in the L and Ob groups were maintained on ad libitum diets. The rats in the DR and DR + Ex groups were fed a 30% restricted diet. The rats in the DR + Ex group exercised voluntarily on a wheel ergometer. After 6 weeks of intervention, the serum free fatty acid and leptin levels in the Ob group were significantly higher than those in the L group. In the Ob group, the hepatic triglyceride content was higher than that in the L group and hepatocyte fat infiltration was observed on haematoxylin and eosin staining. These changes were suppressed by DR + Ex, but not by the DR intervention. These results suggest that habitual exercise inhibits fat accumulation in the liver of Zucker fatty rats.

Effect of Dietary Medium-and Long-chain Triacylglycerols on Body Fat Accumulation in Subjects with Different Levels of Hypertriglyceridemia / 中国慢性病预防与控制

Objective To investigate the effect of medium- and long-chain triacylglycerols on body fat accumulation in subjects with different levels of hypertriglyceridemia. Methods 112 subjects with hypertriglyceridemia were randomly divided into two groups: one group was demanded to adopt long-chain triacylglycerol (LCT) oil as their daily use and the other one to medium- and long-chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) oil for consecutive 8 weeks. Anthropometric measurements of body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference(HC), WHR (ratio of WC/HC), triceps skinfold thickness (TSF), subscapular skinfold thickness (SSF), body fat weight, body fat percentage, total fat area, visceral and subcutaneous fat area in abdominal and concentration of blood triglycerides (TG) were measured at the initial and final time of the study. In both groups, the cutpoint of TG 2.3 mmol/L was used to distinguish the different levels of hypertriglyceridemia. Results Compared with LCT group, body weight, BMI, WC, body fat weight, total fat area, visceral and subcutaneous fat area in abdominal in those of TG≤2.3 mmol/L in MLCT group were significantly decreased (P 2.3 mmol/L between the two groups. Furthermore, the concentrations of TG in hypertriglyceridemia subjects of different levels in MLCT group were both significantly lower than those in LCT group after 8 weeks (P 2.3mmol/L.