Experiências e perspectivas dos homens sobre sua participação na gestação: um estudo de abordagem qualitativa / Men's experiences and perspectives on their involvement in pregnancy: a qualitative approach study

OBJETIVO: Compreender a percepção masculina sobre sua própria participação durante a gestação. MÉTODO: Pesquisa descritiva de abordagem qualitativa. As informações foram coletadas por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez homens acompanhantes de puérperas em Alojamento Conjunto, e submetidas a análise temática. RESULTADOS: De maneira geral, a participação do homem no pré-natal ocorreu no acompanhamento nas consultas, em exames e no suporte na realização das tarefas domésticas. Algumas limitações foram a rotina de trabalho e aspectos jurídicos relacionados a questões trabalhistas. Os entrevistados apontaram sugestões para maior incentivo na sua participação e na inclusão na vivência da gestação e do pré-natal. CONCLUSÃO: Os profissionais da área devem dar voz aos pais, e devem inseri-los como alvo das ações em saúde, tornando-o também protagonista neste momento, e assim reforçando as boas práticas assistenciais determinadas por políticas governamentais.

OBJECTIVE: To understand men's experiences and perceptions of their involvement in pregnancy. METHOD: A descriptive, qualitative research approach was used. Information was collected through semi-structured interviews with ten male partners of postpartum women in a shared accommodation setting and subjected to thematic analysis. RESULTS: Overall, men's involvement in prenatal care included attending medical appointments, being present during examinations, and assisting with household tasks. Some limitations included work routines and legal aspects related to work issues. Respondents suggested ways to encourage greater involvement and inclusion in the experience of pregnancy and prenatal care. CONCLUSION: Health professionals should give fathers a voice and include them as targets of health initiatives, making them active participants during this period and reinforcing good health practices set by government policies.

Validation of a Turkish version of the fathers' breastfeeding attitude and participation scale

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the validity, structure, and reliability of a Turkish version of the Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitude and Participation Scale. The Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitude and Participation Scale consists of two parts, namely, Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitude and Fathers' Participation in Breastfeeding Process. Totally, the scale consists of 28 items, of which 14 items belong to Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitude and 14 items belong to Fathers' Participation in Breastfeeding Process. There is no report of a validity and reliability study in the original scale. Currently, there is no validated and reliable scale to assess Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitudes and Involvement in Turkish literature and other languages. In this context, the psychometric properties of the Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitudes and Involvement Scale were examined. METHODS: The instruments were translated and adapted according to the WHO guidelines. RESULTS: The Turkish version of the Fathers' Breastfeeding Attitude and Participation Scale demonstrated acceptable validity and reliability. CONCLUSION: The use of the validated instrument to examine fathers' breastfeeding attitudes and participation in the breastfeeding process will provide data to guide as it is a determinant of breastfeeding behavior.

Impact of childbirth preparation sessions towards the willingness and ability of husbands to accompany their wives during childbirth in the delivery room

Background and Objective: Most Fathers-to-be within Indian setting find it difficult to cooperate with their spouse抯 labour and encounter a great deal of stress during the journey of Childbirth. The study objective is to assess the impact of Childbirth preparation sessions (CPS) in a private maternity centre at Chennai towards shaping the willingness and attitudes of fathers-to be regarding their willingness and ability to accompany their wives during childbirth in the delivery room and to compare the attitudes with those fathers who did not attend the Childbirth preparation sessions. Materials and methods: A pilot study was conducted between October 2022 to January 2023 at a tertiary maternity hospital in a metropolitan city (Chennai) with a convenient sample of fathers-to-be who attended (Group 1, n=30) CPS and those who did not attend (Group 2, n =30). A questionnaire was given to fathers who had less than 2 year old child to analyze the difference in willingness and ability to go to the labour room among those who attended child birth preparation sessions and those who did not. Results: All men were well educated Indians and the mean age of men who attended childbirth preparation sessions were 33 years and most of them were fathers-to-be for the first time. The results showed that fathers-to-be who attended the childbirth preparation sessions were more likely to express willingness to attend labour room. Though majority of men (51 men out of 60) were willing to go to the labour room, only 47 men were able to go to the labour room out of which 28 had attended the CPS. There was a high significance in their ability to go to the labour room among those who attended the CPS (P-value - 0.010). Conclusions: The preliminary results of this pilot study indicated that a well-structured and delivered CPS could not only enhance the shared role of fathers-to-be in the critical childbirth journey but also provide them with adequate psychosocial support.

Prevalence of Anemia among Adolescent Girls in Rural Area of a District of Maharashtra

Introduction: Nutritional anemia is one of India’s major public health problems. Adolescence is a vulnerable period in the human life cycle for the development of nutritional anemia. Anemia in adolescent girls contributes to maternal and foetal mortality and morbidity in future. Aim and Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls and to study the sociodemographic factors associated with anemia. Method: It was a community based cross sectional study in 10 villages of a district. 420 adolescent girls were interviewed using a predesigned, pretested questionnaire, and their anemic status was assessed by hemoglobin estimation. Results were analyzed by using percentage, proportion and Chi-square test, with the help of Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS version 20.0 statistical software. Result: Mean age of the study sample was 14.01 ± 2.57 years. The majority (64.8%) of the girls were Hindu by religion and belonged to a nuclear family (53.6%). 45.2 % were educated up to high school level. Most of the girls belonged to socioeconomic class IV (46.0%). The prevalence of anemia in this study was found to be 65.7%. The prevalence of mild and moderate anemia among study participants was 32.6 and 29.8%, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between the prevalence of anemia with age group, educational status of both father and mother, and status of attainment of menarche (p<0.05). Conclusion and Recommendation: The prevalence of anemia among adolescent girls was very high; therefore, attempts must be made to sensitize adolescents and their parents through health and nutrition education, information, education, and communication (IEC), and appropriate behavioral change communication (BCC) activities.

Contribution of digital educational technologies, designed for fathers, in promoting breastfeeding: an integrative review / Contribución de las tecnologías educativas digitales, diseñadas para padres, en la promoción de la lactancia materna: una revisión integradora / Contribuição das tecnologias educacionais digitais, concebidas para os pais, na promoção do aleitamento materno: revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the contributions of digital educational technologies, designed for fathers, in promoting breastfeeding. Method: a literature review, integrative type, carried out in December 2022, after electronic consultations in the CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, BDENF, IBECS and LILACS databases, without restriction of language and publication time. Article selection and information extraction were performed by peers independently. Results: sample of seven articles were published between 2017 and 2022 in Australia, Canada and Ethiopia. Digital educational technologies developed for fathers were mobile apps, eHealth resources, and text messaging. These technologies contributed to improve access to information, sharing of experiences, paternal self-efficacy to support breastfeeding, knowledge and attitude about infant feeding, consequently, improving breastfeeding rates. Conclusion: digital educational technologies on breastfeeding, designed for fathers, are poorly studied. However, they are fundamental to improve paternal support in promoting breastfeeding; therefore, more research is needed for the development of other digital educational technologies for this target audience.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las contribuciones de las tecnologías educativas digitales, diseñadas para padres, en la promoción de la lactancia materna. Método: revisión de literatura, tipo integradora, realizada en diciembre de 2022, previa consulta electrónica en las bases de datos CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, BDENF, IBECS y LILACS, sin restricción de idioma y tiempo de publicación. La selección de artículos y extracción de información fue realizada por pares de forma independiente. Resultados: muestra de siete artículos publicados entre 2017 y 2022 en Australia, Canadá y Etiopía. Las tecnologías educativas digitales desarrolladas para los padres fueron aplicaciones móviles, recursos de eHealth y mensajes de texto. Estas tecnologías han contribuido a mejorar el acceso a la información, el intercambio de experiencias, la autoeficacia paterna para apoyar la lactancia materna, el conocimiento y la actitud sobre la alimentación infantil, consecuentemente, mejorando las tasas de lactancia materna. Conclusión: las tecnologías educativas digitales sobre lactancia materna, diseñadas para padres, están poco estudiadas. Sin embargo, son fundamentales para mejorar el apoyo paterno en la promoción de la lactancia materna, por lo que se necesita más investigación para el desarrollo de otras tecnologías digitales educativas para este público objetivo.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as contribuições das tecnologias educacionais digitais, concebidas para os pais, na promoção do aleitamento materno. Método: revisão de literatura, tipo integrativa, realizada em dezembro de 2022, após consultas eletrônicas nas bases de dados CINAHL, Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, BDENF, IBECS e LILACS, sem restrição de idioma e de tempo de publicação. A seleção dos artigos e extração de informações foi realizada por pares de forma independente. Resultados: amostra de sete artigos publicados entre os anos de 2017 e 2022, na Austrália, no Canadá e na Etiópia. As tecnologias educacionais digitais desenvolvidas para os pais foram os aplicativos móveis, os recursos eHealth e as mensagens de texto. Essas tecnologias contribuíram para melhorar o acesso à informação, o compartilhamento de experiências, a autoeficácia paterna para apoiar o aleitamento materno, o conhecimento e a atitude sobre alimentação infantil, consequentemente, melhorando as taxas de Aleitamento Materno. Conclusão: as tecnologias educacionais digitais sobre aleitamento materno, concebidas para os pais, são pouco estudadas. No entanto, são fundamentais para melhorar o apoio paterno na promoção do aleitamento materno, portanto, mais pesquisas são necessárias para o desenvolvimento de outras tecnologias educacionais digitais para esse público-alvo.

As funções parentais em casais homossexuais masculinos com bebês / Funciones parentales en parejas homosexuales masculinas con bebés / Parental functions in homosexual male couples with babies

RESUMO O presente estudo objetivou investigar as funções parentais em casais homossexuais masculinos com bebês a partir das teorizações de Winnicott. Trata-se de um estudo de casos com dois casais de homens, um deles adotou a filha logo após seu nascimento, a qual estava com dois anos e cinco meses na época do estudo, e outro recorreu à barriga solidária, cujo filho já estava com um ano e três meses. Foram realizadas entrevistas conjunta e individualmente. Os relatos foram submetidos à análise temática, investigando-se aspectos da prática da parentalidade. Os resultados demonstraram que o vínculo pais-filho(a) foi construído a partir dos cuidados cotidianos, que os casais buscaram dividir de forma igualitária. Foi possível identificar em cada participante tanto aspectos da função materna propostas por Winnicott, quanto da função paterna. Os achados indicam que as funções que os adultos exercem junto aos bebês, mais do que materna e paterna, são funções parentais que independem do gênero ou da orientação sexual do cuidador.

RESUMEN El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las funciones de los padres en parejas homosexuales masculinas con bebés basándose en las teorizaciones de Winnicott. Este es un estudio de caso con dos parejas de hombres, una de las cuales adoptó a su hija poco después del nacimiento, que tenía 2 años y 5 meses en el momento del estudio, y otra recurrió a la subrogación, cujo hijo ya tenía 1 año y 3 meses. Las entrevistas se realizaron de forma conjunta e individual. Los informes fueron sometidos a análisis temático, investigando aspectos de la practica de la parentalidad. Los resultados mostraron que el vínculo padre-hijo se construyó a partir del cuidado diario, que las parejas trataron de dividir en partes iguales. Fue posible identificar en cada participante ambos aspectos de la función materna propuesto por Winnicott y de la función paterna. Los resultados indican que las funciones que los adultos desempeñan con los bebés, en lugar de maternas o paternas, son funciones parentales que son independientes del género o la orientación sexual del cuidador.

ABSTRACT. The present study aimed to investigate parental functions in male homosexual couples with babies based on Winnicott's theorizations. This is a case study with two male couples, one who adopted their daughter right after her birth, wich was 2 years and 5 months old at the time of the study, and another that resort on surrogacy, with a child of 1 year and 3 months. Interviews were conducted jointly and individually. Participants' reports were submitted to thematic analysis, investigating aspects of parenting practice. The results showed that the parent-child bond was built from daily care, which the couples sought to divide equally. It was possible to identify in each participant both aspects of the maternal and paternal functions proposed by Winnicott. The findings indicate that the functions that adults carry out with infants, rather than maternal and paternal ones, are parental functions that are independent of the gender or the sexual orientation of the caregiver.

Relationship between father s emotional symptoms and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the relationship between father s emotional symptoms with offspring s emotional and behavioral problems, so as to provide reference for the prevention and intervention of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children.@*Methods@#Using the method of multi stage sampling, two kindergartens from each of the two counties, two districts and two development zones were selected from Hefei during February to April 2023. A total of 3 672 children aged 3 to 6 years old and their fathers were selected from 12 kindergartens. Fathers filled out the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and mothers filled out the Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ). Multivariate Logistic regression model was established to analyze the relationship between father s emotional symptoms and preschool children s emotional and behavioral problems.@*Results@#The detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children was 18.65%, and the detection rates of stress, anxiety and depression in fathers were 4.82%, 10.05% and 6.64%, respectively. Multivariate Logistic regression model analysis showed when fathers had negative emotions of stress, anxiety and depression, the detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems in their offspring was higher than children with father without negative emotion group ( OR =1.77-2.13, P <0.01). Father s stress symptoms were associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems in boys, while father s anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems in boys and girls ( OR =1.45-2.69, P <0.05). Father s stress symptoms were associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the first child, while father s anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with increased risk of emotional and behavioral problems in the first child, second child and above ( OR =1.81-2.49, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Father s negative emotional symptoms are important factors affecting preschool children s emotional and behavioral problems. Early detection and targeted intervention of father s negative emotional symptoms are beneficial to the prevention and control of preschool children s emotional and behavioral problems.

Validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Involucramiento Parental: Actividades de cuidado y socialización en padres peruanos / Validity and reliability of the Parental Involvement Scale: Caregiving and socialization activities in Peruvian parents

Resumen El presente estudio busca obtener evidencias de validez y confiabilidad de la Escala de Involucramiento Parental: Actividades de cuidado y socialización en una muestra de padres peruanos de niños y niñas preescolares. Para ello, se realizó una traducción y armonización del lenguaje del instrumento a partir de su versión en inglés al español, para luego aplicar la nueva versión a un grupo de 420 padres y 420 madres de niños y niñas de cinco ciudades. La evidencia de la estructura interna se evaluó a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio multigrupo, utilizando el método de máxima verosimilitud para examinar la estructura de los 26 ítems originales. Durante el análisis, se procedió a la eliminación progresiva de los ítems con bajas cargas factoriales hasta encontrar un modelo con adecuados indicadores de ajuste [x 2(531) = 822.82; p < .001; x 2/gl = 1.550; GFI = .90; CFI = .95; TLI = .94; RMSEA = .036, IC 90 % = (.031-.041), p close = 1.000, SRMR = .05]. El resultado fue una escala de 18 ítems distribuidos en las cinco dimensiones originales, cada una con confiabilidad por consistencia interna alfa de Cronbach entre .66 y .78 y coeficientes omega entre .70 y .75. La confiabilidad entre evaluadores estuvo entre .67 y .88. Los alcances y limitaciones del estudio son discutidos teniendo en cuenta la importancia de contar con instrumentos de medición del involucramiento paterno, relativo al materno, que consideren las perspectivas de padres y madres en el contexto peruano.

Abstract The present study seeks to obtain validity and reliability evidence of the Parental Involvement Scale: Care and socialization activities in a sample of Peruvian parents of preschool children. For this purpose, the instrument was translated and linguistically harmonized from its English version into Spanish and then applied to a group of 420 fathers and 420 mothers of children from five cities. Evidence of the internal structure was evaluated through a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis, using the maximum likelihood method to examine the structure of the original 26 items. Items with low factor loadings were progressively eliminated until a model with adequate fit indicators was found [x 2 (531) = 822.82; p <0,001; x 2 /gl = 1.550; GFI = .90; CFI = .95; TLI = .94; RMSEA = .036, IC del 90% (.031 - .041), p close = 1.000, SRMR = .05]. The result was a18-items scale distributed in the five original dimensions, each with Cronbach's alpha internal consistency reliability between .66 and .78 and Omega coefficients between .70 and .75. Inter-rater reliability was between .67 and .88. The scope and limitations of the study are discussed considering the relevance of having instruments to measure paternal involvement relative to maternal involvement, that consider the perspectives of fathers and mothers in the Peruvian context.

A experiência vivenciada pelo cuidador da criança/adolescente que enfrenta uma doença limitante da vida / The lived experience of the caregiver of a child/adolescent facing a life-limiting illness / La experiencia vivida por el cuidador de un niño/adolescente que se enfrenta a una enfermedad que limita su vida

Este estudo qualitativo teve como objetivo compreender a experiência vivenciada pelo cuidador da criança/adolescente que enfrenta uma doença limitante da vida. Para tanto, foram entrevistados seis pais de crianças e adolescentes que se encontravam hospitalizados, com diagnósticos variados, em sua maior parte por doenças onco-hematológicas. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada aplicada individualmente. A análise mostrou que, ao receber o diagnóstico da doença grave de um(a) filho(a) predominaram reações de surpresa, tristeza, desespero e relutância inicial em aceitar o diagnóstico. Sentimentos de medo, desconforto e vivências de culpa permearam a trajetória dos pais no adoecer do(a) filho(a). Crianças e adolescentes com diagnósticos limitantes da vida exigem tratamento intensivo e de alta complexidade tecnológica. A hospitalização aparece como um momento especialmente difícil para os pais, gerando fadiga crônica, esgotamento físico e emocional. Na percepção dos pais, a comunicação com os profissionais foi satisfatória, sendo vista como um fator positivo que contribui para amenizar as dificuldades de enfrentar as situações críticas. A experiência paterna frente à doença limitante da vida foi considerada um fator de mudança de vida. Esses resultados mostram a necessidade de intervenções psicológicas de apoio para auxiliarem os pais e demais familiares a enfrentarem os desafios encontrados.

This qualitative study aimed to understand the lived experience of the caregiver of a child/adolescent facing a life-limiting illness. To this end, six parents of children and adolescents who were hospitalized, with varied diagnoses, mostly due to onco-hematological diseases, were interviewed. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews applied individually. The analysis showed that, upon receiving the diagnosis of a child's serious disease, there were predominant reactions of surprise, sadness, despair, and initial reluctance to accept the diagnosis. Feelings of fear, discomfort, and experiences of guilt permeated the parents' trajectory in their child's illness. Children and adolescents with life-limiting diagnoses require intensive treatment and high technological complexity. Hospitalization appears as an especially difficult time for parents, generating chronic fatigue, physical and emotional exhaustion. In the perception of parents, communication with professionals was satisfactory, being seen as a positive factor that contributes to ease the difficulties of facing critical situations. The father's experience facing life limiting illness was considered a life changing factor. These results show the need for psychological support interventions to help parents and other family members to face the challenges encountered.

Este estudio cualitativo tenía como objetivo comprender la experiencia vivida por el cuidador de un niño/adolescente con una enfermedad que limita su vida. Se entrevistó a seis padres de niños y adolescentes hospitalizados, con diversos diagnósticos, en su mayoría debidos a enfermedades oncohematológicas. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas individualmente. El análisis mostró que, al recibir el diagnóstico de una enfermedad grave del niño, predominaron las reacciones de sorpresa, tristeza, desesperación y reticencia inicial a aceptar el diagnóstico. Los sentimientos de miedo, malestar y experiencias de culpa impregnaron la trayectoria de los padres en la enfermedad de su hijo. Los niños y adolescentes con diagnósticos que limitan su vida requieren un tratamiento intensivo y una alta complejidad tecnológica. La hospitalización aparece como un momento especialmente difícil para los padres, generando fatiga crónica y agotamiento físico y emocional. En la percepción de los padres, la comunicación con los profesionales fue satisfactoria, siendo vista como un factor positivo que contribuyó a mitigar las dificultades para enfrentar situaciones críticas. La experiencia paterna de enfrentarse a una enfermedad que limita la vida se consideró un factor de cambio de vida. Estos resultados ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de realizar intervenciones de apoyo psicológico para ayudar a los padres y a otros miembros de la familia a enfrentarse a los retos encontrados.

Estudio piloto: contacto padre-hijo(a) y oxitocina en varones preparados especialmente para el nacimiento / Pilot study: father-child contact and oxytocin in males with a special education for childbirth

INTRODUCCÍON: Los padres se han involucrado cada vez más en el embarazo y el nacimiento de sus hijos, pero aún se requieren intervenciones paternas que permitan reubicar al padre en su rol de corresponsabilidad en la crianza. OBJETIVO: Observar el comportamiento-actitud paterna hacia el/la hijo(a) y la cantidad de oxitocina (OT) secretada en el nacimiento, en padres preparados de un modo especial para el parto. Método: Estudio piloto de 8 meses, parte de una investigación mayor cuali-cuantitativa de dos fases. La fase cualitativa inicial desarrolló una intervención preparatoria de padres para el nacimiento, con énfasis en la vinculación padre-hijo(a). La fase cuantitativa correspondió al piloto de la intervención paterna antenatal. RESULTADOS: Los padres presenciaron activamente el momento del expulsivo y el encuentro madre-hijo(a). Posteriormente, todos optaron por el contacto físico piel-piel con su hijo(a). La OT paterna experimentó un aumento (no significativo) durante el contacto padre-hijo(a) en comparación con la OT basal (momento inmediato al nacimiento). CONCLUSIONES: Padres preparados, sensibilizados y vinculados con su hijo(a) desde el embarazo experimentarían variaciones de la cantidad de OT cuando realizan contacto piel-piel con su hijo(a) en el nacimiento. Se requiere investigación experimental con una muestra mayor de participantes para concluir de manera categórica.

INTRODUCTION: Fathers have been increasingly involved in the pregnancy and birth of their children, but paternal interventions are still required to relocate the father in his role of co-responsibility in parenting. OBJECTIVE: To observe the paternal behavior-attitude towards the child and the amount of oxytocin (OT) secreted at birth in parents prepared (in a special way) for childbirth. METHOD: Pilot study of 8 months, part of a larger qualitative-quantitative research of two phases. The initial qualitative phase developed a male preparatory intervention for the birth, with emphasis on the father-child bonding. The quantitative phase corresponded to the pilot of the antenatal paternal intervention. RESULTS: Fathers actively witnessed the moment of delivery and the mother-child attachment. Subsequently, all of them opted for physical skin-to-skin contact with their child. Paternal OT experienced a (non-significant) increase during father-child contact, compared to baseline OT (immediately after birth). CONCLUSIONS: Males prepared, sensitized and involved with their child since pregnancy would experience variations in the amount of OT when they make father-child skin-to-skin contact at childbirth. Experimental research with a larger sample of participants is required to categorically reach a conclusion.

Effectiveness Of Self-Instructional Module (Sim) On Paternal Attitude Of Expectant Fathers And Maternal Satisfaction On Perinatal Outcome

Introduction: Paternal involvement (PI) has been recognized to have an impact on pregnancy and in-fant outcomes. The mother抯 satisfaction during the birthing process is the most frequently reported in-dicator in the evaluation of the quality of maternity services. The aim of the study is to assess the effec-tiveness of self-instructional module on paternal attitude towards perinatal outcome and maternal satis-faction on paternal attitude. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 expectant fathers attending antenatal clin-ic. A five-point rating scale was used to assess the attitude of paternal on pregnancy and labour outcome and check list to assess the postnatal mother satisfaction. Results: The scores improved significantly after intervention, in experiment group, the pre-test, mean score was 78.61 and the post-test mean score was 120.56, whereas in the control group, the pre-test mean score of 79.43 and the post-test mean score was 80.25. In the experimental group, 81.88% of mothers were satisfied whereas 18.12% were not satisfied. In control group, 48.75% were satisfied, while 51.25% were not satisfied. Conclusion: Most fathers were very positive about their partner抯 pregnancy. They, however, need to be motivated to use that knowledge into practice.

Percepção materna sobre a participação do pai na hospitalização do filho em unidade intensiva pediátrica / Percepción materna sobre la participación del padre en la hospitalización del hijo en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos / Maternal perception of the father's participation in the child's hospitalization in a pediatric intensive care unit

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a percepção materna sobre a participação do pai durante a hospitalização do filho em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa de inspiração fenomenológica, cujo referencial metodológico para análise dos discursos, advindos de 12 entrevistas com mães de crianças hospitalizadas no interior do estado de São Paulo, foi a análise da estrutura do fenômeno situado. Resultados: emergiram três categorias temáticas: Participando do processo de adoecimento do filho - a essencialidade da presença do pai; Sofrendo pelo filho - o pai sendo afetado pela hospitalização; Não podendo estar com o filho - o pai sendo impedido de ser acompanhante durante a hospitalização. As mães reconhecem a participação dos pais durante hospitalização do filho por meio de apoio, compartilhamento de atividades e na importância para a recuperação da criança. Contudo, o sofrimento advindo do adoecimento e da hospitalização, a necessidade de se dedicar ao trabalho, questões organizacionais do hospital e a ausência de legislações trabalhistas impedem a permanência dos pais no serviço de saúde. Conclusão: as unidades pediátricas precisam modificar as normas institucionais, acolhendo mãe e pai, oferecendo condições de permanência e apoiando-os durante a hospitalização do filho. É mister que a área de Enfermagem familiar discuta a participação do pai na vida do filho, em especial no ambiente hospitalar e de cuidados intensivos, de modo a impulsionar a elaboração de leis que garantam a manutenção do emprego em caso de acompanhamento do filho durante a hospitalização.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la percepción materna sobre la participación del padre durante la hospitalización del hijo en la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica. Métodos: investigación cualitativa de inspiración fenomenológica, cuyo referente metodológico para el análisis de los discursos provenientes de 12 entrevistas con madres de niños hospitalizados en el interior del estado de São Paulo, fue el análisis de la estructura del fenómeno situado. Resultados: surgieron tres categorías temáticas: Participar en el proceso de enfermedad del hijo - la esencialidad de la presencia del padre; Sufrir por el hijo - el padre afectado por la hospitalización; No poder estar con el hijo: el padre impedido de ser acompañante durante la hospitalización. Las madres reconocieron la participación de los padres durante la hospitalización del hijo mediante el apoyo, compartir actividades y la importancia para la recuperación del niño. Sin embargo, el sufrimiento derivado de la enfermedad y la hospitalización, la necesidad de dedicarse al trabajo, los problemas de organización de los hospitales y la falta de leyes laborales impiden que los padres sigan en el servicio sanitario. Conclusión: las unidades pediátricas necesitan modificar las normas institucionales, acogiendo a la madre y al padre, ofreciendo condiciones de permanencia y ayudando durante la hospitalización del hijo. Es fundamental que el área de Enfermería de la familia discuta la participación del padre en la vida del hijo, especialmente en el ambiente hospitalario y de cuidados intensivos, para incentivar el desarrollo de leyes que garanticen el mantenimiento del empleo en el caso de acompañar a um hijo durante la hospitalización.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the maternal perception of the father's participation during the child's hospitalization in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Methods: this is a qualitative research of phenomenological inspiration, whose methodological reference for the analysis of the speeches was the analysis of the structure of the situated phenomenon, arising from 12 interviews with mothers of hospitalized children in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. Results: three thematic categories emerged: Participating in the child's illness process - the essentiality of the father's presence; Suffering for the child - the father affected by the hospitalization; Not being able to be with the child - the father prevented from being a companion during hospitalization. Mothers recognize the fathers' participation during the child's hospitalization through support, sharing activities, and the importance of the child's recovery. However, the suffering resulting from illness and hospitalization, the need to dedicate themselves to their jobs, organizational issues at the hospital, and the absence of labor laws prevent parents from staying in the health service. Conclusion: pediatric units need to modify institutional norms, welcome mother and father, offer permanence conditions, and support them during the child's hospitalization. The Family Nursing area must discuss the father's participation in the child's life, especially in the hospital and intensive care environment, to promote the elaboration of laws that guarantee the maintenance of the job in case of accompanying the child during the hospitalization.

Papel paterno nas relações familiares: revisão integrativa / Rol paterno en las relaciones familiares: revisión integradora / Paternal role in family relations: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Descrever o papel paterno nas relações familiares. Métodos Revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada no mês de setembro de 2020, por meio da consulta no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior nas bases de dados Directory of Open Access Journals (Doaj), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), SAGE Publishing, Public Library of Science (PLOS), Taylor & Francis Group (tandfonline) utilizando os descritores associados pelos operadores booleanos da seguinte forma: Fathers and Paternity and Family Relations. Foram incluídas produções primárias, publicadas nos anos de 2009 a 2020, considerando a implementação da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem, disponíveis na íntegra, de forma gratuita e excluídos os materiais que não evidenciaram, de forma clara, o papel paterno nas relações familiares. Foram encontrados 1365 materiais científicos e, após a seleção seguindo as recomendações do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses, foram incluídos 15 artigos. Resultados O papel paterno é descrito por meio de ações de cuidado, educação e provisão dos filhos. O cuidado foi desvelado através de ações voltadas à manutenção da vida, iniciando ainda na concepção e se estendendo durante a infância e adolescência. Nesse ciclo, o pai aparece na condição de educador, sobretudo, a partir do exemplo que conduz os filhos em suas vidas futuras. A provisão, por sua vez, esteve atrelada à garantia da subsistência familiar pela figura paterna. Conclusão A compreensão acerca dos papéis poderá direcionar a prática profissional a fim de estimular o envolvimento masculino no acompanhamento do desenvolvimento dos filhos.

Resumen Objetivo Describir el rol paterno en las relaciones familiares. Métodos Revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada el mes de septiembre de 2020, por medio da consulta al Portal de Periódicos de la Coordinación de Perfeccionamiento de Personal de Nivel Superior en las bases de datos Directory of Open Access Journals (Doaj), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), SAGE Publishing, Public Library of Science (PLOS), Taylor & Francis Group (tandfonline) utilizando los descriptores asociados por los operadores booleanos de la siguiente forma: Fathers and Paternity and Family Relations. Se incluyeron las producciones primarias, publicadas en los años de 2009 a 2020, considerando la implementación de la Política Nacional de Atención Integral a la Salud del Hombre, disponibles en su totalidad, de forma gratuita y excluidos los materiales que no evidenciaron de forma clara, el rol paterno en las relaciones familiares. Se encontraron 1365 materiales científicos y, después de la selección siguiendo las recomendaciones del Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyses, fueron incluidos 15 artículos. Resultados El rol paterno se describe por medio de acciones de cuidado, educación y provisión de los hijos. El cuidado se desveló a través de acciones direccionadas al mantenimiento de la vida, iniciando todavía en la concepción y extendiéndose durante la infancia y la adolescencia. En ese ciclo, el padre aparece en la condición de educador, principalmente, a partir del ejemplo que conduce a los hijos en sus vidas futuras. La provisión, a su vez, estuvo vinculada con la garantía de la subsistencia familiar por la figura paterna. Conclusión La comprensión sobre los roles podrá direccionar la práctica profesional con la finalidad de estimular la involucración masculina en el acompañamiento del desarrollo de los hijos.

Abstract Objective To describe the paternal role in family relationships. Methods This is an integrative literature review carried out in September 2020, by consulting the Journal Portal of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel in the Directory of Open Access Journals (Doaj), Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo) databases, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline), SAGE Publishing, Public Library of Science (PLOS), Taylor & Francis Group (tandfonline) using the descriptors associated by the Boolean operators as follows: Fathers and Paternity and Family Relations. Primary productions published from 2009 to 2020 were included, considering the implementation of the Brazilian National Policy for Comprehensive Care for Men's Health, available in full, free of charge, and materials that did not clearly show paternal role in family relationships. 1,365 scientific materials were found and, after selection following the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyzes, 15 articles were included. Results Paternal role is described through actions of care, education and provision for children. Care was unveiled through actions aimed at maintaining life, starting at conception and extending into childhood and adolescence. In this cycle, the father appears as an educator, above all, based on the example that leads the children in their future lives. The provision, in turn, was linked to the guarantee of family subsistence by the paternal figure. Conclusion Understanding the roles can guide professional practice in order to encourage male involvement in monitoring the development of children.

A vivência do pai no nascimento por cesariana no centro obstétrico: contribuições para a assistência / The father's experience in cesarean birth at the obstetric center: contributions to care / La experiencia del padre al nacimento por cesárea en el centro obstétrico: contribuciones a la asistencia

Objective: the study's goal has been to describe the experience of the accompanying father in the birth process by caesarean section at the Obstetric Center and point out the favorable and unfavorable conditions that influence this process.Methods: qualitative research, carried out at a University Hospital from august to september 2016 with 10 accompanying parents. The data collection was established by a semi-structured interview, submitted to Bardin's content analysis. Results: through the analysis, two categories emerged: possibilities and limitations in the experience of accompanying parents and emotional aspects in the birth process, which include the physical aspects of the operating room, the welcoming and guidance of the multidisciplinary team and the feelings presented by the parents. Conclusion: the father's participation in the cesarean delivery provides positive impacts for the mother-child-family trinomial, making crucial his presence since prenatal care and the physical adequacy of the cesarean environment

Objetivo: descrever a vivência do pai acompanhante no processo de nascimento por cesariana no Centro Obstétrico e apontar as condições favoráveis e desfavoráveis que influenciaram neste processo. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada em um Hospital Universitário de agosto a setembro de 2016 com 10 pais acompanhantes. A coleta de dados se estabeleceu por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, submetida à análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Resultados: pela análise, emergiram duas categorias: possibilidades e limitações na vivência do pai acompanhante e aspectos emocionais no processo de nascimento, que compreenderam: os aspectos físicos da sala de cirurgia, o acolhimento e orientação da equipe multiprofissional e os sentimentos apresentados pelos pais. Conclusão: a participação do pai no parto cesárea proporciona impactos positivos ao trinômio mãe-filho-família, tornando cruciais a sua presença desde o pré-natal e a adequação física do ambiente da cesárea

Objetivo: describir la experiencia del padre acompañante en el proceso de parto por cesárea en el Centro de Obstetricia y señalar las condiciones favorables y desfavorables que influyeron en este proceso. Métodos: investigación cualitativa realizada en un Hospital Universitario de agosto a septiembre de 2016 con 10 padres acompañantes. La recopilación de datos se estableció mediante una entrevista semiestructurada, sometida al análisis del contenido de Bardin. Resultados: por análisis, surgieron dos categorías: posibilidades y limitaciones en la experiencia del padre acompañante y aspectos emocionales en el proceso del parto, que incluyeron los aspectos físicos de la sala de operaciones, la bienvenida y la orientación del equipo multidisciplinario y los sentimientos presentados por los padres. Conclusión: la participación del padre en la cesárea proporciona impactos positivos para el trinomio madre-hijo-familia, lo que hace que su presencia desde la atención prenatal y la adecuación física del entorno de la cesárea sean cruciales

Relações entre padrões de ativação pai-criança, funcionamento familiar e comportamento da criança / Relationship between patterns of father-child activation, family functioning and child behavior

Resumo As relações estabelecidas na família, como a relação de ativação pai-criança, interferem no comportamento da criança. Para compreender as relações entre padrões de ativação pai-criança, funcionamento familiar e comportamento da criança, realizou-se um estudo com 12 famílias biparentais heteroafetivas com crianças pré-escolares. Utilizou-se: Questionário Sociodemográfico; Observação da Situação de Risco; Escala de Avaliação da Coesão e Adaptabilidade Familiar; e Questionário de Capacidades e Dificuldades. Constatou-se que: oito crianças foram classificadas como ativadas, três como subativadas e uma como superativada; o funcionamento das famílias está rigidamente coeso e/ou equilibrado; e, no comportamento das crianças, houve elevada pró-sociabilidade e baixos escores em dificuldades. Além da relação de ativação, o funcionamento familiar foi fundamental para a compreensão dos comportamentos da criança.

Abstract Relationships established in the family, such as the father-child activation relationship, interfere in the child's behavior. To understand the relationships between father-child activation, family functioning and child behavior, a study was conducted with 12 two-parent hetero-affective families with preschool children. It was used: Sociodemographic Questionnaire; Risk Situation; Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales; and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. It was found that: eight children were classified as activated, three as under-activated and one as over-activated; the functioning of families is balanced and/or rigidly cohesive; and in the child's behavior it was verified high prosocial behavior and low scores in difficulties. Besides the activation relationship, family functioning was fundamental to understand the child's behavior.

Educational technology to promote father involvement in childbirth and birth / Tecnología educacional para promoción del involucramiento de padres en el parto y nacimiento / Tecnologia educacional para promoção do envolvimento de pais no parto e nascimento

ABSTRACT Objectives: to build and validate an educational booklet to promote the involvement of parents in labor and birth. Methods: methodological study developed in five stages: situational diagnosis; bibliographic survey; construction of illustrations, layout, design and texts; content and appearance validation by judges (25 experts) and calculation of the Flesch Readability Index; and validation with the target audience (12 parents). A minimum Content Validity Index of 0.80 was considered. Results: the booklet was entitled "Father Presence" and was developed in 11 topics. In Content and Appearance Validation, the Validity Index obtained an overall score of 0.97. Cronbach's alpha was 0.92, indicating excellent reliability of its content. A global score of 74% for readability was obtained, considered easy to understand. Conclusions: the material was successful in the validation process, and it can be recommended for parents to use it during the prenatal period, promoting the inclusion of the partner and preparing them for labor and birth.

RESUMEN Objetivos: construir y validar cartilla educativa para promoción del involucramiento de padres en el parto y nacimiento. Métodos: estudio metodológico desarrollado en cinco etapas: diagnóstico situacional; levantamiento bibliográfico; construcción de ilustraciones, esbozo, diseño y textos; validez de contenido y apariencia por jueces (25 especialistas) y cálculo del índice de Legibilidad de Flesch; y validación con el público objeto (12 padres). Considerado Índice de Validez de Contenido mínimo de 0,80. Resultados: la cartilla intitulada "Presencia de padre" y fue desarrollada en 11 tópicos. En la validez de contenido y apariencia, el Índice de Validez obtuvo escore global de 0,97. El alfa de Cronbach fue 0,92, indicando excelente confiabilidad de su contenido. Puntuación global para legibilidad fue 74%, denotando fácil comprensión. Conclusiones: el material tuvo éxito en el proceso de validación, pudiendo ser recomendado a padres utilizarlo durante el período prenatal, promoviendo la inclusión del compañero y preparándolos al parto y nacimiento.

RESUMO Objetivos: construir e validar uma cartilha educativa para promoção do envolvimento de pais no parto e nascimento. Métodos: estudo metodológico desenvolvido em cinco etapas: diagnóstico situacional; levantamento bibliográfico; construção das ilustrações, layout, design e textos; validação de conteúdo e aparência por juízes (25 especialistas) e cálculo do índice de Legibilidade de Flesch; e validação com o público-alvo (12 pais). Considerou-se Índice de Validade de Conteúdo mínimo de 0,80. Resultados: a cartilha intitulou-se "Presença de pai" e foi desenvolvida em 11 tópicos. Na validação de conteúdo e aparência, o Índice de Validade obteve escore global de 0,97. O alfa de Cronbach foi 0,92, indicando excelente confiabilidade de seu conteúdo. Pontuação global para legibilidade foi 74%, denotando fácil compreensão. Conclusões: o material teve êxito no processo de validação, podendo ser recomendado para os pais utilizarem-no durante o período pré-natal, promovendo a inclusão do parceiro e preparando-os para o parto e nascimento.

Ámbitos de justificación biográfica de la decisión de no tener hijos / Areas of Biographical Justification for the Decision Not to Have Children

Resumen Se analizaron las justificaciones en el contexto de la sobrepoblación y la responsabilidad ambiental desde las rutas biográficas de adultos que han decidido no tener hijos y no ejercer roles de maternidad o paternidad. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, fenomenológico con entrevistas en profundidad a personas adultas, residentes en distintas ciudades de Colombia, que decidieron no ser madres o no ser padres. Se encontró que la decisión de no tener hijos es una especie de fractura biográfica que transgrede los preceptos sociales sobre la reproducción y como el tema de la superpoblación y la crisis ambiental, es el mejor contexto social de legitimación de las decisiones sobre la no reproducción.

Abstract From biographical routes of adults who have decided not to have children and not to exercise roles of motherhood or fatherhood, justification devices in the context of overpopulation and environmental responsibility are analyzed. A qualitative phenomenological study was carried out with in-depth interviews with adults, residents of different cities in Colombia, who decided not to be mothers or fathers. It is concluded that the decision not to have children is a kind of biographical fracture that transgresses social precepts on reproduction and how the issue of overpopulation and environmental crisis is the best social context for legitimizing decisions of non-reproduction.

Transição para a paternidade no período pré-natal: um estudo qualitativo / Transition to fatherhood in the prenatal period: a qualitative study

Resumo Tornar-se pai exige um processo de desenvolvimento pessoal, reorientação interior e adaptação ao novo papel. A literatura sobre este processo tem sido parca, desvalorizando o quão desafiante e problemática pode ser a transição de se tornar pai. Este estudo, de caráter qualitativo, exploratório, descritivo, transversal e retrospetivo procurou compreender as vivências dos homens na transição para a paternidade durante o período pré-natal. Incluiu uma amostra de 10 homens a vivenciar, pela primeira vez, a gravidez da parceira. Recurso à entrevista semiestruturada como técnica de coleta de dados. Análise de dados com técnica de análise de conteúdo, com categorização semântica e abordagem indutiva. Como resultados, emergiram 3 temas: "experienciar da transição", "desenvolvimento da identidade como pai" e "(des)construção de pontes para a transição". Este estudo aprofunda a compreensão desta transição desenvolvimental e desafia a uma reestruturação dos cuidados pré-natais no sentido da inclusão da figura paterna.

Abstract Becoming a father requires a process of personal development, inner reorientation, and adaptation to a new role. The literature on this process has been sparse, devaluing how challenging and problematic the transition to becoming a father can be. This qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study sought to understand the experiences of men in the transition to fatherhood during the prenatal period. It included a sample of 10 men experiencing, for the first time, a partner's pregnancy. The data collection technique used was semi-structured interviews. The content analysis technique with semantic categorization and an inductive approach was used to analyze the data. As a result, 3 topics emerged: "experiencing the transition," "development of the father identity" and "(de)constructing bridges for the transition". This study deepens the understanding of this developmental transition and challenges the restructuring of prenatal care towards the inclusion of the father figure.

Research progress on parental control and adolescent aggressive behavior / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#Adolescent aggressive behavior has become one of the public health problems, and is affected by factors such as society,school,and family.Parents play an important role in the growth of adolescents. Parental control is seen as one of the rearing style,and closely related with adolescent aggressive behavior. This article reviews studies on the concept and classification of parental control, the impact of parental control on the psychological behavior of adolescents, the concept and measurement of aggressive behavior, the influencing factors of adolescent aggressive behavior, the impact of parental control on aggressive behavior, and the influence of demographic factors on both by consulting the existing literature, with the goal of providing references for reducing adolescent aggressive behavior improving parenting ability.

Paternity and Parenting in the Context of Eating Disorders: An Integrative Literature Review / Paternidade e Parentalidade no Contexto dos Transtornos Alimentares: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura

Abstract Family relationships seem to have relevant contribution to the etiopathogenesis of Eating Disorders (EDs). This study aimed to analyze the scientific production about the paternity and parenting experiences of fathers whose daughters developed EDs. The literature review was conducted through the databases LILACS, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science and EMBASE, in the period from 1999 to 2019. From the 878 retrieved papers, 23 were selected for the analysis. The results show that paternity and parenting experiences are influenced by father's personality traits. The dominant representation is of an affectionless and not empathetic father, as well as punitive and insensitive to the daughter's emotional needs. Knowing the paternal experiences is central to subside sensible care to both, daughters' and fathers' demands.

Resumo Relações familiares parecem ter uma contribuição relevante na etiopatogenia dos transtornos alimentares (TAs). Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a produção científica sobre as vivências de paternidade e parentalidade de pais cujas filhas desenvolveram TAs. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado a partir das bases LILACS, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science e EMBASE, no período 1999-2019. Dos 878 estudos recuperados nas buscas, 23 foram selecionados para análise. Os resultados evidenciam que as vivências de paternidade/parentalidade são influenciadas pela personalidade paterna. A representação dominante é de um pai pouco afetuoso e desprovido de empatia, punitivo e insensível às necessidades emocionais das filhas. Conhecer as vivências paternas é fundamental para subsidiar um cuidado sensível às demandas das filhas, assim como às dos pais.