The role of iron-uptake factor PiuB in pathogenicity of soybean pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines / 生物工程学报

Iron is an essential element for living organisms that plays critical roles in the process of bacterial growth and metabolism. However, it remains to be elucidated whether piuB encoding iron-uptake factor is involved in iron uptake and pathogenicity of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines (Xag). To investigate the function of piuB, we firstly generated a piuB deletion mutant (ΔpiuB) by homologous recombination. Compared with the wild-type, the piuB mutant exhibited significantly reduced growth and virulence in host soybean. The mutant displayed markedly increased siderophore secretory volume, and its sensitivity to Fe3+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Mn2+ was significantly enhanced. Additionally, the H2O2 resistance, exopolysaccharide yield, biofilm formation, and cell mobility of ΔpiuB were significantly diminished compared to that of the wild-type. The addition of exogenous Fe3+ cannot effectively restore the above characteristics of ΔpiuB. However, expressing piuB in trans rescued the properties lost by ΔpiuB to the levels in the wild-type. Taken together, our results demonstrated that PiuB is a potential factor for Xag to assimilate Fe3+, and is necessary for Xag to be pathogenic in host soybean.

Entre zelar e cuidar: sentidos sobre saúde-doença em dirigentes da Umbanda / Entre celar y cuidar: significados sobre salud-enfermedad en los líderes de Umbanda / Between watching over and caring: meanings about health-disease in Umbanda leaders

RESUMO Por meio da antropologia da saúde, podemos compreender o terreiro de umbanda como parte de um sistema popular de cuidado. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar as concepções de saúde e doença produzidas por zeladores de terreiro de umbanda. Participaram dez zeladores de terreiro da cidade de Uberaba (MG/Brasil), sendo três mulheres e sete homens, com idades entre 40 e 76 anos. O tempo médio de atuação como dirigente foi de 18,4 anos, variando de cinco a 43 anos. Os terreiros chefiados por esses participantes atendem entre 15 e 280 pessoas por dia de funcionamento. Pela análise das entrevistas, destaca-se que o cuidado em saúde oferecido pelos zeladores ultrapassa os limites rituais, nas cerimônias públicas, sendo prestado de modo contínuo nos terreiros. As posturas assumidas pelos entrevistados envolvem ações de escuta, acolhimento e proximidade física no momento da urgência. Pelas narrativas, pode-se concluir que o zelar, no sentido de gerenciar o espaço do terreiro, espiritual e materialmente, não pode ser dissociado do cuidar, significando os zeladores como importantes agentes populares de saúde.

RESUMEN A través de la antropología de la salud podemos entender el terreiro de umbanda como parte de un sistema de atención popular. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las concepciones de salud y enfermedad producidas por los cuidadores del terreiro de umbanda. Participaron diez cuidadores de terreiro de la ciudad de Uberaba (MG/Brasil), tres mujeres y siete hombres, con edades comprendidas entre 40 y 76 años. El tiempo promedio como gerente fue de 18.4 años, que van de cinco a 43 años. Los terreiros encabezados por estos participantes atienden entre 15 y 280 personas por día de operación. Del análisis de las entrevistas, se destaca que la atención médica ofrecida por los cuidadores va más allá de los límites rituales, en ceremonias públicas, que se brindan continuamente en los terreiros. Las actitudes asumidas por los entrevistados implican escuchar, acoger y proximidad física en el momento de urgencia. A través de las narrativas, se puede concluir que el cuidado, en el sentido de administrar el espacio del terreiro, espiritual y materialmente, no se puede disociar del cuidado, lo que significa que los cuidadores son importantes agentes de salud populares.

ABSTRACT Through health anthropology we can understand the umbanda terreiro (specific place for the religious ritual) as part of a popular system of care. This study aimed to investigate the conceptions of health and illness produced by saint keepers of umbanda terreiro. Ten leaders of the terreiros in the city of Uberaba (MG/Brazil) participated, being three women and seven men, between 40 and 76 years old. The average time of performance as a manager was 18.4 years, ranging from 5 to 43 years. The terreiros led by these participants attend between 15 and 280 people working day. The health care offered by saint keepers exceeds ritual limits in public ceremonies and is provided on a continuous basis in the terreiros. The postures assumed by the interviewees involve actions of listening, welcoming and physical proximity at the moment of urgency. From the narratives, it can be concluded that care, in the sense of managing the space of the terreiro, both spiritually and materially, can not be dissociated from caring, meaning saint keepers as important popular health.

Clinical implementation of comprehending dentin on a microscopic level

SUMMARY: The aim of the present in vitro study is to visualize dentin to get an in-depth knowledge of the nature of dentin that could provide useful information regarding conditioning dentinal substrate when treating dentinal lesions. Forty-nine extracted human third molars were obtained and prepared to produce artificial dentinal lesions through demineralizing with acetic acid for 7 and 14 days, or lactic acid for 7 days. The teeth were divided into groups and treated with either NaOCl, pepsin, trypsin, or phosphoric acid. To obtain information on the morphology of the treated dentinal surfaces, all samples were visualized under high resolution field emission scanning electron microscope. With high magnification reaching x50000 dentin was clearly visualized together with its constitutes. The effect of various demineralization approaches and various treatment protocols were demonstrated clearly. The relationship between the conditioning procedure steps and the subsequent bond strength was discussed. To our best knowledge, there is no previous clear highly magnified scanning electron microscope images for dentin, and dentinal components and constitutes with and without various treatments. The current in vitro study suggests the complexity nature of dentin as a substrate that should be treated carefully especially with technique sensitive procedures such as adhesive restorations.

El objetivo del presente estudio in vitro fue visualizar la dentina para obtener un conocimiento completo de la naturaleza de ella lo que podría proporcionar información útil sobre el acondicionamiento del sustrato dentinario en el tratamiento de lesiones dentinarias. Se obtuvieron 49 terceros molares humanos extraídos y se prepararon para producir lesiones dentinales artificiales mediante desmineralización con ácido acético por 7 y 14 días, o ácido láctico por 7 días. Los dientes se dividieron en grupos y se trataron con NaOCl, pepsina, tripsina o ácido fosfórico. Para obtener información sobre la morfología de las superficies dentinarias tratadas, todas las muestras se visualizaron bajo un microscopio electrónico de barrido de emisión de campo de alta resolución. Con un gran aumento que alcanzó x50000, la dentina se visualizó claramente junto con sus componentes. Se demostró el efecto de varios enfoques de desmineralización y varios protocolos de tratamiento. Se discutió la relación entre los pasos del procedimiento de acondicionamiento y la subsiguiente fuerza de unión. Hasta donde sabemos, no hay imágenes claras previas de microscopio electrónico de barrido altamente ampliadas para la dentina y los componentes y constituyentes de la dentina con y sin diferentes tratamientos. El estudio in vitro actual sugiere la naturaleza compleja de la dentina como sustrato que debe tratarse con cuidado, especialmente en los procedimientos sensibles a la técnica, tal como las restauraciones adhesivas.

Application value of endoscopic Nd-Fe-B magnet ring tracer technique to laparoscopy for colorectal lesions (with video) / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of preoperative colonoscopic marking by Nd-Fe-B magnet ring to assist laparoscopy.Methods:A total of 51 patients with colorectal tumor who underwent radical laparoscopy from January 2020 to October 2021 at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital were recruited. The patients were marked by Nd-Fe-B magnet ring under endoscopy one day before the operation, another magnet ring was sent into the abdominal cavity during the radical laparoscopy through cannula. The two magnet rings were attracted and clung to each other to orient the lesions. The basic information of patients, location of preoperative marks under endoscopy and laparoscopy conditions were recorded.Results:All 51 Nd-Fe-B magnet rings were successfully located to the position of colorectal tumor and fixed. According to the location of the lesions, there were 15 cases of transverse colon, 12 cases of descending colon, 19 cases of sigmoid colon, and 5 cases of upper rectal segment. According to the lesion type, there were 21 cases of colon cancer, 25 cases of polyp carcinomatosis, and 5 cases of laterally spreading tumors with partial carcinomatosis. There were 5 cases with positive margins after endoscopic mucosal resection and 1 case with positive margin after endoscopic submucosal dissection. All lesions were accurately located during the operation. The marking time was 4.1±1.2 min (3-6 min) before the operation and the localization time was 1.5±1.1 min (0.9-5.3 min) during the operation. All magnet rings were removed from the body by laparoscope. The mean distances between the tumor and the cutting edge of the proximal and distal intestinal segments were 5.5 cm and 6.3 cm, respectively. No complications such as colon mucosal injury, bleeding, intestinal perforation or local inflammatory reactions occurred.Conclusion:Nd-Fe-B magnet ring tracer technique for laparoscopic orientation is simple, fast, accurate and safe with no need for additional equipment or apparatus, which is worthy of clinical application.

Irregular-Shaped Fe3O4 Nanoparticles-Mediated Magneto-Mecha nical Force for Killing Tumor Cell / 医用生物力学

Objective To investigate tumor cell killing effect of superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with cubic phase through magneto-mechanical force under a low-frequency vibrating magnetic field ( VMF). Methods A kind of strong magnetic and irregular-shaped Fe3O4 nanoparticles with cubic phase was synthesized by coprecipitation method. The Fe3O4 nanoparticles were exposed to a self-developed VMF and cell killing efficiency of the Fe3O4-mediated magneto-mechanical force was investigated. Results VMF alone had no effects on cell viability. After Fe3O4 nanoparticles were added, the cell viability significantly decreased with prolonging the VMF treatment time and increasing the Fe3O4 nanoparticle concentration. Lactate dehydrogenase released by damaged cells also increased with prolonging the VMF exposure time. Conclusions The irregular-shaped Fe3O4 nanoparticles can transfer magneto-mechanical force to tumor cells under VMF, cause structural damage of cells and result in cell death. The VMF generator developed in this study has simple structure and it is safe for use and convenient for operation. The developed magnetic nanoparticles and the corresponding cancer cell killing technique have the potential for clinical transformation.

Research progress on ferroptosis in the treatment of oral cancer / 口腔疾病防治

@#Ferroptosis is a newly discovered method of programmed cell death. Current studies have shown that activation of ferroptosis-related pathways can inhibit the growth and proliferation of tumor cells and reverse their drug resistance. Oral cancer is a common malignant tumor with a high recurrence rate and high drug resistance. Inducing ferroptosis is a potential treatment strategy. There are still many uncertainties in the application of ferroptosis in the treatment of oral cancer, which need to be further explored. This article systematically introduces the mechanism of ferroptosis and its recent progress in oral cancer treatment to provide new mechanisms and methods for the clinical treatment of oral cancer. Current research shows that the mechanism of ferroptosis is mainly related to amino acid metabolism, Fe2+ metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Ferroptosis in oral cancer cells can reverse drug resistance in cancer cells and improve the activity of immune cells. New drugs, such as curcumin analogs and triptolide, can induce ferroptosis in oral cancer, and the development of nanomaterials has improved the utilization rate of drugs. Inhibiting the expression of the ferroptosis-related factors SLC7A11, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) can promote ferroptosis in oral cancer cells. It is a potential target for the clinical treatment of oral cancer, but its translation into clinical practice still needs further research.

Complemento a la teoria del levantamiento del velo corporativo en Colombia desde el principio de la buena fe y el abuso del derecho / Complement to the theory of lifting the corporate veil in Colombia based on the principle of good faith and abuse of law / Complemento à teoria de perfuração do véu corporativo na Colômbia baseado no principio da boa-fé e abuso de direito

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo complementar la teoria del levantamiento corporativo definida por los máximos tribunales colombianos con reflexiones doctrinales sobre el principio de la buena fe y del abuso del derecho. El texto presenta los hallazgos de una investigación Qualitativa con un enfoque dogmático de técnica documental especializada, que permitió identificar y seleccionar sentencias hito en el período 1999-2019 que caracterizaran el levantamiento del velo corporativo y además, permitió identificar y seleccionar estudios doctrinales, con preferencia de la misma época, que permiten consolidar la teoria. La estrategia de búsqueda inició con la delimitación de las variables de análisis con base en el proyecto de investigación, que fueron usadas posteriormente en la consulta y selección de artículos de investigación jurídica en las bases de datos especializadas a partir de criterios de elección temáticos, temporales, geográficos, idiomáticos y de tipo de publicación. Con la investigación se concluye que no es suficiente con mencionar la buena fe y el abuso del derecho en los procesos de desestimación de la personalidad jurídica, se hace necesario dotar estos principios de contenido normativo para realizar una tarea de identificación de actos antijurídicos en el contexto societario.

ABSTRACT This article aims to complement the theory of the disregard of the legal entity defined by the highest Colombian courts with doctrinal reflections on the principles of good faith and abuse of law.The text presents the findings of a qualitative research with a dogmatic approach of specialized documentary technique, which allowed to identify and select landmark sentences in the period 1999-2019 that characterized the lifting of the corporate veil and allowed to identify and select doctrinal studies, with preference of the same period, which permit to consolidate the theory The search strategy began with the delimitation of variables for analysis based on the research project, which were subsequently used in the consultation and selection of legal research articles in specialized databases based on thematic, temporal, geographical, idiomatic and publication-type selection criteria. With the investigation it is concluded that it is not enough to mention the good faith and the abuse of the right in the processes of dismissal of the legal personality it is necessary to provide these principles with normative content to carry out a task of identifying unlawful acts in the context corporate law.

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo complementar a teoria do levantamento corporativo definida pelos máximos tribunais colombianos com reflexões doutrinais sobre o princípio da boa-fé e do abuso do direito. O texto apresenta os resultados de uma investigação qualitativa com uma abordagem dogmática de técnica documental especializada, que permitiu identificar e selecionar sentenças marco no período 1999-2019 que caracterizaram o levantamento do véu corporativo e, além disso, permitiu identificar e selecionar estudos doutrinários, com preferência da mesma época, que permitem consolidar a teoria. A estratégia de pesquisa começou com a delimitação das variáveis para a análise com base no projeto de pesquisa, que foram usadas posteriormente na consulta e seleção de artigos de pesquisa jurídica nas bases de dados especializadas a partir de critérios de eleição temáticos, temporais, geográficos, idiomáticos e de tipo de publicação. A investigação concluiu que não basta mencionar a boa fé e o abuso do direito nos processos de rejeição da personalidade jurídica, é necessário dotar estes princípios de conteúdo normativo para realizar uma tarefa de identificação de atos antijundicos no contexto societário.

Comparative Physicochemical and Heavy Metal Contamination analysis in Lake Water Samples Collected from Nallasopara lakes in Palghar

Nirmal and Chakreshwar lake are two important water bodies in Vasai-Virar Taluka, are the primary source of water for the nearby villages. The objective of the study was to analysis physicochemical parameters and simultaneously monitor the heavy metal content. During the study the physicochemical parameters like pH, temperature, Total hardness, TS, TDS and TSS were evaluated in pre and post monsoon samples at three different sites from each water body. t test and two way ANOVA test were performed to assess the variation in the pre and post analysis for any significant difference. It was observed that heavy metal content was found more in pond A (Nirmal), comparative to pond B (Chakreshwar) lake.

Preparation and targeting evaluation of reductant-sensitive oxaliplatin-loaded Fe3O4 nanoparticles / 药学学报

The non-specific accumulation and release of drugs are the main factors affecting the therapeutic effect as well as causing toxic side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs. Nowadays, the application of nanotechnology and responsive drug release is an important strategy to improve the tumor-specific accumulation of drugs and reduce their side effects. In this study, an α-enolase targeted peptide (ETP)-modified polyethylene glycol poly-lysine block copolymer loaded with oxaliplatin prodrug was synthesized first, and then, polymer-coating Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared by phase transfer dialysis method to improve the blood circulation stability and tumor targeting of oxaliplatin. At the same time, the physicochemical properties, reductant-responsive drug release, cellular uptake, tumor targeting and other biological functions of ETP modified oxaliplatin-loaded Fe3O4 nanoparticles were studied in vitro and in vivo. First, the results of reductant-triggered drug release study showed that the drug-loaded nanoparticles could achieve rapid release of more than 80% of the prototype oxaliplatin within 3 h under the reduction conditions simulating the tumor cytoplasmic microenvironment. Secondly, the results of flow cytometry showed that the modification of ETP could increase the ratio of cellular uptake of drug-loaded nanoparticles in tumor cells, and the way that drug-loaded nanoparticles endocytosed by tumor cells were mainly through the energy-dependent and receptor protein and fossin-mediated endocytosis pathway. The animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of School of Pharmacy of Fudan University. Moreover, the results of pharmacokinetic experiment showed that the area under the curve (AUC0-∞) of oxaliplatin could be significantly increased by nano-formulation which was about 5 times than that of free oxaliplatin. Besides, the pharmacokinetic results also showed that the drug-loaded Fe3O4 nanoparticles constructed by covalent linkage and chelation had good overall stability in vivo. Finally, the in vivo imaging results showed that ETP modification could increase tumor accumulation of drug-loaded nanoparticles, which would be conducive to the efficacy of oxaliplatin in tumor lesions. In summary, the oxaliplatin-loaded Fe3O4 nanoparticles with the capability of reductant-responsive drug release have good drug release characteristics, blood circulation stability and tumor targeting ability, and have the potential to improve the anti-tumor therapeutic effect of oxaliplatin.

Transcriptome-wide identification and expression analysis of 2-ODD gene family in Salvia apiana Jepson / 药学学报

2-Oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases (2-ODD) play an important role in plant primary and secondary metabolism. Based on the high-throughput sequencing platform Illumina NovaSeq 6000, the transcriptome of Salvia apiana Jepson was sequenced, and the obtained reads were de novo assembled. A total of 38 534 unigenes were obtained from the transcriptome. The assembled unigenes were annotated and 29 982 unigenes were given functional annotations. The 2-ODD genes were identified from the assembled S. apiana transcriptome database by bioinformatics methods, and the genes were analyzed, including the homology of the sequences, physicochemical characteristics, signal peptides, transmembrane domains, subcellular localization, secondary structure and tertiary structure, etc. The evolutionary relationships and the expression patterns of the identified 2-ODD genes were also analyzed. 39 full-length 2-ODD genes were identified from the transcriptome of S. apiana. The average length of these 2-ODD encoding proteins was 320 amino acids, the molecular weight was about 36.00 kDa, and most of them were hydrophilic proteins. Phylogenetic analysis divided these 2-ODD genes into several subfamilies. Gene expression analysis indicated that the 2-ODD genes were expressed in different parts of S. apiana, and the expression level of most genes was much higher in roots than that in leaves. This study can lay a foundation for further study of 2-ODD genes in S. apiana.

Research progress on Fe-based metal-organic frameworks in antitumor drug delivery / 药学学报

Fe-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are a class of polymer crystals formed by the combination of Fe ions or Fe clusters with organic ligands through coordination bonds. At present, Fe-based MOFs can be mainly prepared by solvothermal synthesis, ultrasonic synthesis, microwave synthesis, and dry-gel conversion, etc. Fe-based MOFs have the characteristics of strong drug loading capacity of inorganic nano-carrier and high safety of organic nano-carrier, and have good tumor targeting and the capacity of inducting tumor's ferroptosis, which have high potential in the delivery of antitumor drugs. Recently, Fe-based MOFs have also been developed with various functions such as imaging, magnetic hyperthermia, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and intelligent response, which can facilitate diagnosis and monitor drug distribution while delivering antitumor drugs, and can produce synergistic antitumor effects combined with thermotherapy and phototherapy, and can also control the precise release of drugs. Reviewing the advances in the synthesis methods, characteristics as well as functions and types of Fe-based MOFs can provide a basis for the further applications of Fe-based MOFs in antitumor drug delivery.

Utilização do cuidado popular por egressos de unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal / Utilización del cuidado popular en niños salidos de unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales / Use of popular care by discharged patients of a neonatal intensive care unit

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a relação entre a busca por cuidados populares e condições socioeconômicas e de saúde relacionadas às crianças egressas de unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal. Métodos Coorte retrospectiva com 165 crianças menores de 48 meses, egressas de unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal de duas das maiores maternidades públicas de uma capital do nordeste brasileiro, nos anos de 2014 e 2015. Dados perinatais foram obtidos de prontuários e sobre cuidados de saúde por meio de questionários. Criou-se um modelo teórico, estabelecendo relações entre condições socioeconômicas, presença de morbidade na alta e o impacto direto ou indireto no uso do setor popular. Para análise, utilizou-se Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (α=5%). Resultados A utilização do setor popular foi a menos prevalente entre os três setores de cuidado. A presença de morbidade na alta registrou efeito total significante (coeficiente padronizado de 0,302; valor de p=0,030), porém, sem efeito direto para a busca por esse setor. Dentre as práticas do setor popular, a procura por benzedeira/curandeiro (55,3%) foi a mais prevalente. Conclusão Apresentar morbidade na alta da unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal, associada a outras variáveis não identificadas, é fator que pode influenciar na busca por cuidados de saúde no setor popular, sem excluir a busca por cuidados com profissionais da saúde.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la relación entre la búsqueda de cuidados populares y las condiciones socioeconómicas y de salud relacionadas con niños salidos de unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales. Métodos Cohorte retrospectiva con 165 niños menores de 48 meses, salidos de unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales de dos de las mayores maternidades públicas de una capital del nordeste brasileño, durante los años 2014 y 2015. Los datos perinatales se obtuvieron de las historias clínicas y los datos sobre cuidados de salud por medio de cuestionarios. Se creó un modelo teórico, que estableció relaciones entre condiciones socioeconómicas, presencia de morbilidad en el alta e impacto directo o indirecto en el uso del sector popular. Para el análisis, se utilizó el Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (α=5 %). Resultados La utilización del sector popular fue la menos prevalente entre los tres sectores de cuidado. La presencia de morbilidad en el alta registró un efecto total significante (coeficiente estandardizado de 0,302; valor de p=0,030), pero sin efecto directo en la búsqueda de ese sector. Entre las prácticas del sector popular, la búsqueda de acceder a un curandero (55,3 %) fue la más prevalente. Conclusión Presentar morbilidad en el alta de la unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales, junto con otras variables no identificadas, es un factor que puede influenciar en la búsqueda de cuidados de salud en el sector popular, sin excluir la búsqueda de cuidados con profesionales de salud.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the relationship between the search for popular care and socioeconomic and health conditions related to children discharged from a neonatal intensive care unit. Methods Retrospective cohort with a total of 165 children under 48 months old, discharged from the neonatal intensive care unit of two of the largest public maternity hospitals in a capital city in northeastern Brazil, in 2014 and 2015. Perinatal data were obtained from medical records and on health care through questionnaires. A theoretical model was created, establishing relationships between socioeconomic conditions, the presence of morbidity at discharge and the direct or indirect impact on the use of the popular sector. For analysis, Structural Equation Modeling was used (α=5%). Results The use of the popular sector was the least prevalent among the three care sectors. The presence of morbidity at discharge had a significant total effect (standardized coefficient of 0.302; p-value = 0.030), however, with no direct effect on the search for this sector. Among the practices of the popular sector, the search for a healer (55.3%) was the most prevalent. Conclusion Having morbidity at discharge from the neonatal intensive care unit, associated with other unidentified variables, is a factor that can influence the search for health care in the popular sector, without excluding the search for care with health professionals.

Nuevos registros de Holochilus chacarius (Rodentia, Cricetidae) en la cuenca del río Carcarañá (Santa Fé, Argentina) y consideraciones biogeográficas / New records of Holochilus chacarius (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in the Carcarañá river basin (Santa Fé province, Argentina) and biogeographical considerations

Resumen La recolección y análisis de egagrópilas resulta un método adecuado en el estudio de presas pequeñas, debido a que permite el estudio de áreas extensas, genera gran cantidad y variedad de individuos por lote. El orden Strigiformes cuenta con el mayor número de estudios de dieta de aves rapaces a nivel mundial, destacándose los referidos a Tyto furcata con gran cantidad de contribuciones sobre el análisis de sus regurgitados. El estudio de las regurgitaciones de esta especie ha ayudado a realizar nuevas interpretaciones sobre la distribución, taxonomía y conservación de muchas especies de roedores. Aquí, se describe la presencia de Holochilus chacarius en el sur de la provincia de Santa Fe a partir de la recolección y análisis de egagrópilas de la lechuza del campanario (Tyto furcata). Estos registros amplían la distribución de H. chacarius en la provincia y contribuyen a actualizar los mapas de distribución existentes.

Abstract The collection and analysis of pellets is an adequate method in the study of small prey, because it allows the study of large areas, generates a large number and variety of individuals per lot. The order Strigiformes has the largest number of studies on the diet of birds of prey worldwide, highlighting those referring to Tyto furcata with a large number of contributions on the analysis of its regurgitates. The study of the regurgitations of this species has helped to make new interpretations about the distribution, taxonomy, and conservation of many species of rodents. Here, the presence of Holochilus chacarius is described in the south of the province of Santa Fe from the collection and analysis of pellets of the Barn Owl (Tyto furcata). These records expand the distribution of H. chacarius in the province and contribute to updating the existing distribution maps.

Studies on blood enrichment and anti-tumor effects of combined Danggui Buxue Decoction, Fe and rhEPO based on colon cancer-related anemia model and gut microbiota modulation / 中国天然药物

Colon cancer-related anemia (CCRA) is mainly caused by systemic inflammation, intestinal bleeding, iron deficiency and chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression in colon cancer. However, the best therapeutic schedule and related mechanism on CCRA were still uncertain. Studies on blood enrichment and anti-tumor effects of combined Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD), Fe and rhEPO based on CCRA and gut microbiota modulation were conducted in this paper. Here, CCRA model was successfully induced by subcutaneous inoculation of CT-26 and i.p. oxaliplatin, rhEPO + DBD high dosage + Fe (EDF) and rhEPO + DBD high dosage (ED) groups had the best blood enrichment effect. Attractively, EDF group also showed antitumor activity. The sequencing results of gut microbiota showed that compared to P group, the relative abundances of Lachnospiraceae and opportunistic pathogen (Odoribacter) in ED and EDF groups were decreased. Interestingly, EDF also decreased the relative abundances of cancer-related bacteria (Helicobacter, Lactococcus, Alloprevotella) and imbalance-inducing bacteria (Escherichia-Shigella and Parabacteroides) and increased the relative abundances of butyrate-producing bacteria (Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014), however, ED showed the opposite effects to EDF, this might be the reason of the smaller tumor volume in EDF group. Our findings proposed the best treatment combination of DBD, rhEPO and Fe in CCRA and provided theoretical basis and literature reference for CCRA-induced intestinal flora disorder and the regulatory mechanism of EDF.

Research progress on ferroptosis regulators and their role in stroke / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

Stroke is a brain injury caused by sudden rupture or blockage of blood vessels in the brain, with different types and varying degrees death in cellular level. And there is currently no effective treatment for it. Ferroptosis is a new type of cell death discovered in recent years that is related to factors such as lipid peroxides, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Fe

Effects of Fe₃O₄ on the denitrification performance of Pseudomonas stutzeri / 生物工程学报

Biological denitrification is the most widely used technology for nitrate removal in wastewater treatment. Conventional denitrification requires long hydraulic retention time, and the nitrate removal efficiency in winter is low due to the low temperature. Therefore, it is expected to develop new approaches to enhance the denitrification process. In this paper, the effect of adding different concentrations of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles on the denitrification catalyzed by Pseudomonas stutzeri was investigated. The maximum specific degradation rate of nitrate nitrogen improved from 18.0 h⁻¹ to 23.7 h⁻¹ when the concentration of Fe₃O₄ increased from 0 mg/L to 4 000 mg/L. Total proteins and intracellular iron content also increased along with increasing the concentration of Fe₃O₄. RT-qPCR and label-free proteomics analyses showed that the relative expression level of denitrifying genes napA, narJ, nirB, norR, nosZ of P. stutzeri increased by 55.7%, 24.9%, 24.5%, 36.5%, 120% upon addition of Fe₃O₄, and that of denitrifying reductase Nap, Nar, Nir, Nor, Nos increased by 85.0%, 147%, 16.5%, 47.1%, 95.9%, respectively. No significant difference was observed on the relative expression level of denitrifying genes and denitrifying reductases between the bacteria suspended and the bacteria adhered to Fe₃O₄. Interestingly, the relative expression level of electron transfer proteins of bacteria adhered to Fe₃O₄ was higher than that of the bacteria suspended. The results indicated that Fe₃O₄ promoted cell growth and metabolism through direct contact with bacteria, thereby improving the denitrification. These findings may provide theoretical support for the development of enhanced denitrification.

Can agroecological management increase functional diversity of birds in rice fields?

Introduction: Recognition of the variety of ecosystem services that biodiversity performs in agroecosystems is one of the basic principles of agroecology. Because indices of functional diversity may be directly related with ecosystem services, an assessment of functional diversity can be useful for evaluating ecosystem services provided under agroecological management. Objective: We compared functional diversity of birds found in rice fields under conventional and agroecological management in the rice zone of Santa Fe Province, Argentina. Our objective was to determine whether agroecological management of rice is associated with a higher functional diversity and a different functional composition of birds than conventional management. Methods: We surveyed birds eight times, roughly every 15 days between November 2017 and March 2018, from beginning of sowing to before harvest, in both types of rice fields. Birds were sampled by a combined technique of line transects and point counts at four sites in each type of management. We calculated indices of functional diversity and composition based on morphologic and trophic attributes of birds detected in each type of field. Results: Functional richness, divergence and dispersion were higher under agroecological management. Only differences in functional richness between managements reflected differences in species richness. Community-level weighted means of trait values by sample varied between management types. An insectivorous diet, pursuit as a foraging method, and air and shrubs as foraging substrates were traits best represented under agroecological management. Conclusions: Our results suggest that agroecological management of rice crops is related with a higher functional diversity of birds than conventional practices, suggesting that agroecological management may enhance the provision of ecosystem services by birds in rice agroecosystems.

Introducción: El reconocimiento de la variedad de servicios ecosistémicos de la biodiversidad en los agroecosistemas es uno de los principios básicos de la agroecología. Debido a que los índices de diversidad funcional pueden estar directamente relacionados con los servicios ecosistémicos, la evaluación de la diversidad funcional representa una estrategia adecuada para evaluar estos servicios en agroecosistemas bajo manejo agroecológico. Objetivo: Se comparó la diversidad funcional de aves entre arroceras bajo manejo convencional y agroecológico en la zona arrocera de la provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina. El objetivo fue determinar si el manejo agroecológico del arroz se asocia con una mayor diversidad funcional y con una diferente composición funcional de aves en relación con el manejo convencional. Métodos: Se muestrearon las aves mediante 8 conteos repetidos aproximadamente cada 15 días entre noviembre 2017 y marzo 2018, desde el comienzo de la siembra hasta antes de la cosecha, en ambos tipos de arroceras. Los muestreos fueron realizados mediante una técnica mixta combinando transectas de línea y puntos de conteo en cuatro sitios por tipo de manejo. Se calcularon índices de diversidad y composición funcional con base en atributos morfológicos y tróficos de las aves registradas. Resultados: La riqueza, la divergencia y la dispersión funcional fueron más altos bajo manejo agroecológico. Solamente en el caso de la riqueza funcional las diferencias reflejaron únicamente la variación de la riqueza de especies. La media ponderada a nivel de ensamble de los valores de los rasgos por muestra varió entre los tipos de manejo, estando la dieta insectívora, la persecución como método de forrajeo, y el aire y los arbustos como sustrato de forrajeo mejor representados bajo manejo agroecológico. Conclusión: Los resultados sugirieron que el manejo agroecológico del arroz se relaciona con una mayor diversidad funcional de aves que las prácticas de manejo convencional, sugiriendo que el manejo agroecológico puede mejorar la provisión de servicios ecosistémicos por aves en cultivos de arroz.

COVID-19: a espiritualidade harmonizando saúde mental e física / COVID-19: spirituality harmonizing mental and physical health

Introdução: perante o COVID-19, que limita os contornos do existir humano, a espiritualidade, ao compor diferentes extensões do cuidar em saúde, torna-se elemento imprescindível para nutrir o ensejo de lutar pela sobrevivência. Método: comunicação breve, atentando para questões emocionais que envolvem a pandemia. Resultado e conclusão: embora espiritualizar seja processo personalizado, exercício permanente e não haja senda específica para desenvolvê-la, é possível principiar pelo autoconhecimento. Este pode potencializar o ser humano com a capacidade de se ver, proporcionando o desenvolvimento de ações estoicas diante de situações difíceis, dotando-o de força interior para atingir o equilíbrio entre mente, corpo e alma.

Introduction: Before COVID-19, which limits the contours of human existence, spirituality, by composing different extensions of health care, becomes an indispensable element to nourish the opportunity to fight for survival. Method: Brief communication focusing on emotional issues involving the pandemic. Result and conclusion: Although spiritualizing is a personalized process, permanent exercise and there is no specific path to develop it, it is possible to begin with self-knowledge. This can enhance the human being with the ability to see himself/herself, providing the development of stoic actions in the face of difficult situations, endowing them with inner strength to achieve the balance between mind, body and soul.

Preparation and characterization of magnetic chitosan microspheres / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: As carriers of enzymes, cells and drugs, magnetic polymer microspheres have been widely used in the fields of bioengineering, cytology, and biomedicine. OBJECTIVE: To prepare the magnetic polymer microspheres characterized by small particle size, good dispersion, strong magnetic response, safety, and non-toxicity. METHODS: Magnetic chitosan microspheres were prepared by reverse phase suspension process using Fe3O4 as core, paraffin as dispersed medium, Span-80 as emulsifier, and glutaraldehyde as cross-linking agent. The effects of factors including crosslinking time (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 150 and 180 minutes), reaction temperature (20→50 °C, 30→60 °C, 40→70 °C, 50→80 °C), the concentration of chitosan (0. 01, 0. 02, 0. 03, 0. 04, 0. 05 g/mL), Fe3O4/chitosan mass ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4), the amount of glutaraldehyde (8-10 mL), the amount of liquid paraffin (40, 60, 80, 100 mL), and stirring speed (0-2 000 r/min) on the properties of magnetic chitosan microspheres. The morphology, particle size, dispersion, and magnetic responsiveness of magnetic chitosan microspheres were characterized. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The optimum conditions for preparing magnetic chitosan microspheres were as follows: Starting with glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent, the reaction was performed at 40 °C for 1 hour and then at 70 °C for 120 minutes. The concentration of chitosan was 0. 02 g/mL, the mass ratio of Fe3O4/chitosan was 1∶2, the dosage of liquid paraffin was 80 mL, the stirring speed was 1 200 r/min, and the dosage of glutaraldehyde was 8-10 mL. Magnetic chitosan microspheres had strong magnetic properties under the applied magnetic field and had good suspension stability in the natural state. The Fe3O4/chitosan composites were spherical, and the nanoparticles were encapsulated in the microspheres, which were core-shell structure. The surface of the microspheres was smooth and monodisperse. The magnetic chitosan microspheres prepared had a diameter of 1-15 μm, which is beneficial to the dispersion and magnetic separation of the microspheres in the reaction system.

Trace determination and characterization of ginsenosides in rat plasma through magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction based on core-shell polydopamine-coated magnetic nanoparticles / 药物分析学报

Enrichment of trace bioactive constituents and metabolites from complex biological samples is chal-lenging. This study presented a one-pot synthesis of magnetic polydopamine nanoparticles (Fe3O4@-SiO2@PDA NPs) with multiple recognition sites for the magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction (MDSPE) of ginsenosides from rat plasma treated with white ginseng. The extracted ginsenosides were characterized by combining an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a high-resolution mass spectrometry with supplemental UNIFI libraries. Response surface methodology was statistically used to optimize the extraction procedure of the ginsenosides. The reusability of Fe3O4@-SiO2@PDA NPs was also examined and the results showed that the recovery rate exceeded 80％ after recycling 6 times. Furthermore, the proposed method showed greater enrichment efficiency and could rapidly determine and characterize 23 ginsenoside prototypes and metabolites from plasma. In com-parison, conventional methanol method can only detect 8 ginsenosides from the same plasma samples. The proposed approach can provide methodological reference for the trace determination and charac-terization of different bioactive ingredients and metabolites of traditional Chinese medicines and food.