Mulheres com câncer ginecológico: significado da braquiterapia / Mujeres con cáncerginecológico: significado de la braquiterapia / Women with gynecological cancer: meaning of brachytherapy

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer o significado da braquiterapia em mulheres com câncer ginecológico. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória realizada com 32 mulheres, submetidas à braquiterapia em instituição oncológica de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Na coleta de dados, entre setembro de 2017 e julho de 2018, aplicou-se entrevista semiestruturada. As comunicações foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo, incluindo regras de enumeração para análise dos dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e para quantificação dos relatos agrupados. Publicações relacionadas com o tema e a Teoria do Conforto sustentaram teoricamente a inferência dos dados. Emergiram cinco categorias temáticas, neste artigo apresentam-se três. Resultados: a categoria "O medo e as crenças pessoais no enfrentamento do câncer ginecológico e da braquiterapia" destaca o medo da morte, o desejo pela cura e o apego à família e à religiosidade; "Medo do tratamento e desconfortos relacionados" retrata as alterações relacionadas aos contextos físico, psicológico e ambiental; "Dor como significado" revela a percepção dolorosa sentida pelas mulheres em decorrência da doença ou da braquiterapia. Conclusão: conhecer o significado da braquiterapia permite que os enfermeiros possam repensar a coleta de dados e o planejamento de enfermagem para melhor educação em saúde e redução dos desconfortos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer el significado de la braquiterapia en mujeres con cáncer ginecológico. Métodos: investigación cualitativa, descriptiva y exploratoria realizada con 32 mujeres, sometidas a la braquiterapia en institución oncológica de Santa Catarina, Brasil. En la recolección de datos, entre septiembre de 2017 y julio de 2018, se aplicó entrevista semiestructurada. Los relatos fueron sometidos al análisis de contenido, incluyendo reglas de enumeración para análisis de los datos sociodemográfico, clínicos y para cuantificación de los relatos agrupados. Publicaciones relacionadas con el tema yla Teoría del Confort basaron teóricamente la inferencia de los datos. Surgieron cinco categorías temáticas, en este artículo se presentan tres. Resultados: la categoría "El miedo y las creencias personales en el enfrentamiento del cáncer ginecológico y de la braquiterapia" destaca el temor a la muerte, el deseo por la cura y el apego a la familia y a la religiosidad; "Miedo al tratamiento y las molestias relacionadas" retrata las alteraciones relacionadas a los contextos físico, psicológico y ambiental; "Dolor como significado" revela la percepción dolorosa sentida por las mujeres debido a la enfermedad o la braquiterapia. Conclusión: conocer el significado de la braquiterapia permite que los enfermeros puedan repensar la recolección de datos y la planificación de enfermería para una mejor educación en salud y reducción de las molestias.

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the meaning of brachytherapy in women with gynecological cancer. Methods: qualitative, descriptive and exploratory research conducted with 32 women who underwent brachytherapy at an oncology institution in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Data collection took place between September 2017 and July 2018 through semi-structured interviews. Communications were submitted to content analysis, including enumeration rules for the analysis of sociodemographic and clinical data and for the quantification of grouped reports. Publications related to the theme and the Comfort Theory theoretically supported the inference of the data. Five thematic categories emerged; in this article three are presented. Results: the category "Fear and personal beliefs in coping with gynecological cancer and brachytherapy" highlights the fear of death, the desire for healing and attachment to family and religiosity; "Fear of treatment and related discomforts" depicts changes related to physical, psychological and environmental contexts; "Pain as meaning" reveals the painful perception felt by women as a result of illness or brachytherapy. Conclusion: knowing the meaning of brachytherapy allows nurses to rethink data collection and nursing planning for better health education and reduction of discomfort.

Risk factors analysis of venous thromboembolism in post-operative patients with gynecological malignant tumor and application of related risk assessment table / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the risk factors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) ln post-operative patients with gynecological malignant tumors, and to evaluate the value of Risk Assessment Table of VTE in Hospitalized Patients in above patients. Methods A total of 530 post-operative patients with gynecological malignant tumors in our hospital between Oct 2010 and Nov. 2015 were enrolled, including 58 cases complicated with VTE and 472 cases without VTE. Clinical lndexesof all patients including age, body mass lndex (BMI), tumor type, tumor stage, operationmethod, operation time, amount of bleeding, history of blood transfusion, bedridden time, andhistory of comorbidities were statistically analyzed. The clinical dynamic evaluation of 317 post-operative patients with gynecological malignant tumor diagnosed between Nov. 2015 and Apr. 2017 were conducted by the new version of Risk Assessment Table of VTE inHospitalized Patients, which was jointly developed by our hospital. Targeted interventions were used based on the evaluation results, and the incidence of VTE was observed and compared with patients who did not use the assessment table. Results Univariate analysis results showed that BMI, tumor stage, operation time, amount of bleeding, blood transfusion and bedridden time were significantly related toVTE (P<0. 05). Multivariate analysis results showed that age, BMI, tumor stage, operation time and operation method were independent risk factors of VTE in post-operative patients with gynecological malignant tumor (P〈0. 05). After application of the Risk Assessment Table of VTE in Hospitalized Patients and taking corresponding interventions, the incidence of VTE in patients was significantly lower than that before application (1. 89% [6/317] vs 10. 9% [58/530], P〈0. 05). Conclusion Age, BMI, tumor stage, operation time and operation method are the independent risk factors of VTE in post-operative patients with gynecological malignant tumor. Assessing the risk of VTE in the peri-operative period and taking appropriate preventive measures according to the risk score can reduce the incidence of VTE in post-operative patients with gynecological malignancies.

The Relationships among Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting (CINV), Non-Pharmacological Coping Methods, and Nutritional Status in Patients with Gynecologic Cancer

PURPOSE: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) can cause severe malnutrition. However, relationships between CINV levels, non-pharmacological coping methods, and nutritional status of female cancer patients have rarely been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze their relationships in gynecologic cancer patients. METHODS: Participants receiving a highly and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy were recruited. The level of CINV was assessed using a numeric rating scale. Coping methods were determined using multiple-choice self-report questionnaires and categorized into seven types for statistical analysis. Nutritional status was evaluated using biochemical and anthropometric parameters. RESULTS: Among all the 485 patients, 200 eligible inpatients were included. Despite the administration of prophylactic antiemetics, 157 patients (78.5%) still experienced CINV, and several used nonmedically recommended coping methods, such as just enduring the symptom or rejecting food intake. A total of 181 patients (90.5%) had nutritional disorders. Although the level of CINV was indirectly related to the occurrence of nutritional disorders, patients who rejected food (β=1.57, p=.023) and did not use physical measures (β= −1.23, p=.041) as coping methods were under the high risk of nutritional disorders. CONCLUSION: Korean gynecologic cancer patients had high levels of CINV and were at high risk of nutritional disorders, which may be related to the use of nonscientific coping methods, possibly due to cultural backgrounds and lack of proper nutritional program. Therefore, developing a culturally appropriate educational program for the cancer patients with CINV is urgently needed.

Indicações e complicações da exenteração pélvica no câncer ginecológico / Indications and complications of pelvic exenteration in gynecological cancer

Exenteração pélvica é o tratamento cirúrgico radical para diferentes neoplasias pélvicas malignas. Consiste na retirada de todos os órgãos comprometidos pelo câncer, incluindo margens livres de doença. Recidivas ou persistências de tumor maligno na pelve após tratamento radioquimioterápico são a principal indicação, mas pode também ser o tratamento primário do câncer ginecológico localmente avançado. O procedimento apresenta mortalidade perioperatória de 5 a 10% e morbidade média de 50%. As complicações mais relatadas são fístulas intestinais e urinárias, infecções de sítio cirúrgico e fenômenos tromboembólicos. A sobrevida em 5 anos varia de 30 a 70%, com média de 50% nas maiores séries. Os critérios prognósticos mais importantes são, além da ressecção total ?R0? do tumor com margens cirúrgicas livres, a presença de metástases linfonodais, sobretudo extrapélvicas, e o comprometimento de parede pélvica lateral. Idade e índice de massa corpórea não devem ser considerados como fatores de risco isolados. A exenteração pélvica com intuito paliativo, apesar de indicação ainda discutível, pode ser considerada para alívio da sintomatologia local e consequente melhora na qualidade de vida. Portanto, quando realizada em pacientes cuidadosamente selecionadas, em instituições oncológicas com suporte multidisciplinar, pode oferecer controle da neoplasia pélvica em longo prazo.(AU)

Pelvic exenteration is a radical surgical treatment indicated as the treatment various malignant pelvic neoplasms. It consists of the removal of all organs affected by cancer, including diseasefree margins. treatment are the main indications, but it can also be the primary treatment of locally advanced gynecologic cancer. The procedure presents perioperative mortality of 5 to 10% and an average morbidity of 50%. The most commonly reported complications are intestinal and urinary fistulas, surgical site infections and thromboembolic phenomena. The 5-year survival ranges from 30 to 70%, averaging 50% in the larger series. The most important prognostic criteria are, in addition to the total ?R0? resection of the tumor with free surgical margins, the presence of lymph node metastases, especially extrapelvic, and the affection of the lateral pelvic wall. Age and body mass index should not be considered as isolated risk factors. Pelvic exenteration with palliative intent, although still a debatable indication, may be considered for relief of local symptoms and consequent improvement in quality of life. Therefore, when performed in carefully selected patients in oncological institutions with multidisciplinary support, it can provide the control of pelvic neoplasm in the long term.(AU)

Edema maciço de ovário / Massive ovarian edema

O edema maciço de ovário é uma condição benigna rara caracterizada pelo aumento tumoral símile do ovário comprometido. As doenças ovarianas de importância cirúrgica da infância não são frequentes e podem ser divididas em lesões neoplásicas, em cistos não neoplásicos e em alterações inflamatórias. Os autores descrevem um caso de edema maciço de ovário em uma paciente de treze anos que referia dor abdominal associada a uma lesão sólido-cística do ovário direito, avaliada como neoplasia pela ultrassonografia. Ao exame macroscópico, o ovário era bocelado e estava aumentado de volume, medindo 9,5×6,0×5,0 cm e apresentando uma lesão sólida com áreas císticas à superfície de corte. O aspecto microscópico fundamental desse processo era a presença de edema acentuado e difuso do estroma, envolvendo folículos, e associado a uma camada cortical com espessamento fibroso superficial. O conhecimento dessa entidade é fundamental para auxiliar no diagnóstico durante a avaliação ultrassonográfica de tumores ovarianos e prevenir tratamentos incorretos.

Massive ovarian edema is a rare benign condition characterized by similar tumor growth of the affected ovary. The ovarian disorders of surgical importance of childhood are not frequent and can be divided into neoplastic lesions, non-neoplastic cysts, and inflammatory alterations. Here the authors describe the case of a massive ovarian edema in a 13-year-old female patient who reported abdominal pain associated with a solid-cystic lesion of the right ovary evaluated as a neoplasm by ultrasonography. The macroscopic examination showed ovary with increased volume, measuring 9.5×6.0×5.0 cm, and presenting a solid lesion with cystic areas at the cutting surface. The key microscopic feature of this process was the presence of pronounced diffuse edema of the stroma, involving follicles and associated with a cortical layer with superficial fibrous thickening. Knowledge of this entity is key in aiding the diagnosis during the ultrasonographic evaluation of ovarian tumors and preventing improper treatments.