SWAMI VIVEKANANDA'S THOUGHTS ON WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT

Women have always been the life force of the Indian civilization, and therefore, like many ancient civilizations, are properly regarded as expressions of Indian values, culture, and traditions. In this article, through an examination of Swami Vivekananda’s views on women, I have discussed the need to emphasize the need for emphasis on the above-mentioned values and attempt to drive home the point that by upholding these values we shall be able to remain culturally rooted and prosper as an eternal civilization. My sole aim in this piece is to focus light on the views of Swami Vivekananda on women empowerment that are worth discussing and cherishing, so far as they contribute positively to our argument for a need for emphasis on certain Indic values and comprehensive development

Histórias e memórias das mulheres na travessia a nado mar grande - Salvador: ousadias no mar aberto / Stories and memories of women at the crossing by swimming mar grande Salvador: darings in open seas / Historias y memorias de las mujeres en la travesia a nado mar grande Salvador: audacia en el mar abierto

O presente artigo visa refletir sobre memórias e histórias das primeiras participações femini-nas de natação na Travessia Mar Grande ­ Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, objetivando dar visibilida-de à historia das mulheres em competições de águas abertas no Brasil nos anos 1950 e sua relação com a educação à época. A pesquisa histórica privilegiou a pesquisa documental e a pesquisa oral temática, tendo como instrumentos jornais e entrevistas como fontes primárias. Das considerações, destacamos a participação das mulheres desde as primeiras provas dessa travessia, o que sugere uma perspectiva educacional diferenciada para determinadas mulheres da sociedade baiana ainda na primeira metade do século XX e uma nuance de alteração de posturas e ações.

The article aims at reflecting on stories and memories of the first female swimmer?s participa-tions in the Mar Grande - Salvador, BA Crossing, with the objective of giving visibility to the stories of women in open sea competitions in Brazil in the fifties and its relation with the edu-cation at that time. Historic research favoring documental and oral thematic research. Con-temporary newspapers and interviews where our primary sources. Key considerations were the participation of women since the first competitions of this Crossing, which suggests a dif-ferentiated educational perspective for certain women of Bahia?s society still in the first half of the 20th century and a nuanced change in postures and actions following the daringness of engaging in the open sea Crossing.

Objetiva reflexionar sobre historias y memorias de las primeras participaciones femeninas de natación en la Travesia Mar Grande - Salvador/BA, a dar visibilidad a la historia de las muje-res en competencias de aguas abiertas en Brasil en 1950 y su relación con la educación. Inves-tigación histórica que privilegia la documental y oral temática. Periódicos de la época y entre-vistas fueron nuestras fuentes primarias. De las consideraciones, la participación de las muje-res desde las primeras pruebas de esa Travesia, sugiere una perspectiva educacional diferen-ciada para determinadas mujeres de la sociedad bahiana aún en la primera mitad del siglo XX y un matiz del cambio de posturas y acciones a partir de la audacia femenina de tirarse al agua en la Travesia a nado en mar aberto.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Family Planning among Women in a Rural Community in Southern Nigeria.

Aims: This study was carried out to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of family planning (FP) among women of child bearing age in a community in south-south Nigeria. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study which took place in a clan in Abak, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria among women of child bearing age (15-45 years). The instrument of data collection was an interviewer administered semi-structured questionnaire which examined the socio demographic characteristics and KAP of FP among respondents. The study area was selected through multi-stage sampling method. All consenting women of child bearing age in alternate households were selected until the sample size of 358 was achieved. Data obtained was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17. Frequencies were generated and Chi-square test was used to explore associations. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Results: A total of 338 questionnaires were retrieved. About 45.9% of the respondents were aged 15-25 years, 136 (40.2%) were married and 17 (5.0%) had no form of formal education. Majority, 299 (88.5%) had heard of FP and the commonest source of information was clinic, 112 (37.5%). The most commonly mentioned FP were injectable, 134 (44.8%) and pills, 81 (27.1%) respectively. Up to 114 (33.8%) had a negative attitude towards FP. A total of 143 (42.3%) respondents used a FP method. The commonest were pills, 39 (27.3%) and injectable, 36 (25.2%). Fear of side effect was the most frequently given reason by 89 (45.6%) for non-use of FP. There was a significantly positive association between educational qualification and use of FP methods (<0.05). Conclusion: Though the knowledge of family planning methods was high among the women in this study, their use was relatively poor. Adequate health education should be carried out by health workers to dispel fears and encourage higher contraceptive use among women of child bearing age. Female education and male involvement are also advocated.

Risk Factors of Neonatal Mortality in Bangladesh.

Introduction: To address United Nations Millennium Develop ment Goal 4 (MDG 4) on reducing childhood mortality rates by two-thirds by 2015, there is a need for better population-based data on the rates and causes of neonatal death. This study aims to identify the risk factors of neonatal mortality in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: The study used data from the nationally representative 2007 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. The survey gathered information regarding socioeconomic, demographic, environmental and maternal and child health care of 10,996 ever married women and 6,058 children. Both bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to assess the relationship between neonatal mortality and contextual factors. Results: The prevalence of neonatal mortality was 37/1,000. The statistical analyses yielded quantitatively important and reliable estimates of neonatal death. The multivariate logistic regression analysis yielded significantly increased risk of neonatal mortality for children with mother who had no formal education, the Muslims, whose mother were adolescents of age 15-19, first ranked birth and twin babies. Conclusion: Emphasis should be given to improve female education in Bangladesh for a better chance of satisfying important factors that can improve infant survival: the quality of infant feeding, general care, household sanitation, and adequate use of preventive and curative health services.