Progress on diagnosis and treatment of primary non- Hodgkin lymphoma in the female genital tract / 中国肿瘤临床

Primary lymphoma of female genital tract (PLFGT) is uncommon, and its etiology is unclear. It can present with pain, distention, vaginal bleeding, or discharge or be found as an incidental finding at a routine pelvic examination or surgery for other indications. PLFGT can be diagnosed with imaging, with pathomorphology being the key to diagnosing this disease. Further diagnosis and typing are needed with flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. PLFGT should be differentiated from secondary genital lymphoma and other primary malignant tumors of the reproductive system. Preoperative diagnosis can be challenging due to its rarity. In addition, there is a lack of experience in treating PLFGT. Based on the pathological classification, staging, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) guidelines, an individualized approach should be determined. R-CHOP has been found to significantly improve the survival of patients with NHL. However, the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy as the standard treatment for PLFGT still needs to be confirmed. Prognosis was evaluated according to the international prognostic index (IPI).

Clinicopathological analysis of primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the female reproductive system / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective To retrospectively analyze the clinical pathological features and treatment outcomes of primary non-Hodgkin'slymphoma (NHL) of the female reproductive system.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 28 patients with primary NHL of the female reproductive system who were admitted to our hospital from 1990 to 2016.The lymphomas were classified and staged based on the WHO histological classification and the Ann Arbor staging system,respectively.Of the 28 patients,18 (64％) underwent surgery,27 (96％) received chemotherapy,and 8 (29％) received radiotherapy.The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rates.Results The 5-year follow-up rate was 86％.The median age was 56.5 years (13-80 years).The ovary was involved in 11 patients (39％).The lymphoma was staged as IVE in 18 patients (64％).The most common pathological type was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.The median survival time was 23.5 months.The 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 89％,74％,and 59％,respectively.Conclusions Primary NLH of the female reproductive system is an extremely rare neoplastic disorder with no typical clinical symptoms and mostly diagnosed in advanced stage.The combined treatment with surgery,chemotherapy,and radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of the disorder.

Tailored therapy and long-term surveillance of malignant germ cell tumors in the female genital system: 10-year experience / 부인종양

OBJECTIVE: To explore the appropriate treatment of malignant germ cell tumor (MGCT) in the female genital system, and to analyze the factors influencing both therapeutic response and survival outcome. METHODS: A cohort of 230-Chinese women diagnosed with MGCT of the genital system was retrospectively reviewed and prospectively followed. The demographic and pathological features, extent of disease and surgery, treatment efficiency, recurrence and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: MGCTs from different genital origins shared a similar therapeutic strategy and response, except that all eight vaginal cases were infantile yolk sac tumors. The patients' cure rate following the initial treatment, 5-year overall survival and disease-free survival (DFS) were 85.02%, 95.00%, and 86.00%, respectively. Although more extensive excision could enhance the remission rate; it did not improve the patients' survival. Instead, the level of the medical institution, extent of surgery and disease were independent prognostic factors for relapse (p<0.05). Approximately 20% of patients had recurrent or refractory disease, more than half of whom were in remission following secondary cytoreductive surgery with salvage chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Fertility-sparing surgery with or without standardized PEB/PVB (cisplatin, etoposide/vincristine, and bleomycin) chemotherapy is applicable for female MGCTs of different origins. Comprehensive staging is not required; nor is excessive debulking suggested. Appropriate cytoreduction by surgery and antineoplastic medicine at an experienced medical institution can bring about an excellent prognosis for these patients.

Efeitos da melatonina no sistema genital feminino: breve revisão / Melatonin effects on the female genital system: a brief review

A melatonina é um hormônio produzido pela glândula pineal, cuja secreção está diretamente relacionada ao ciclo claro-escuro. É um poderoso antioxidante e tem papel fundamental na regulação do estado sono/vigília, do ritmo de vários processos fisiológicos, participando do controle do relógio biológico, inclusive nos seres humanos. Ressalta-se que há evidências da sua ação no sistema genital feminino, influenciando a função ovariana e a fertilidade. De fato, este hormônio interage com esteróides sexuais, como o estrogênio, modificando a sinalização celular e a resposta no tecido alvo. Estudos clínicos sugerem que o tratamento com a melatonina interviria com a evolução de neoplasia-dependente do estrogênio. O objetivo dessa revisão é analisar as principais ações da melatonina no sistema neuroendócrino, no ciclo sono-vigília, no sistema imunológico, no sistema cardiovascular, bem como no sistema reprodutor.

Melatonin is secreted by the pineal gland and this is linked to the day/night cycle. It is an antioxidant and plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the jet-lag stage, in several physiological reactions and in control of the biologic rhythm. Human melatonin has an important influence on the female genital system. In fact, melatonin may influence production and action of steroids, modifying cellular signalization on the target tissue. There are many evidences that the melatonin therapy may be interfering with neoplasia development, mainly of the estrogen-dependent tumor. This paper aims to analyze the actions of melatonin on the neuroendocrine, immunological and cardiovascular systems, as well as on the reproductive function.

Hallazgos patológicos del tracto reproductivo en cerdas de descarte en Venezuela

En el avance hacia la obtención de la productividad del rebaño, es fundamental el adecuado conocimiento tanto de la anatomía como de la fisiología de la reproducción porcina. Dentro de la producción, uno de los parámetros que incide con mayor relevancia en la productividad es el número de lechones destetados por cerda por año, ya que de él depende el número final de cerdos que va a matadero. Este parámetro va a estar influenciado directamente por el desempeño reproductivo del rebaño de cría. Las fallas reproductivas son una de las principales causas de descarte, de ahí que el examen de los órganos reproductivos es una herramienta de gran valor diagnóstico en el manejo reproductivo porcino. La evaluación de estos órganos provee de una serie de datos sobre las posibles causas de falla reproductiva y a su vez, va a permitir tomar medidas correctivas a nivel de rebaño. En Venezuela, no existen reportes que describan los hallazgos patológicos observados en cerdas de descarte. De aquí que se plantea como objetivo general de esta investigación describir cuáles eran los hallazgos patológicos presentes en el tracto reproductivo de cerdas a través del análisis de muestras recolectadas en un matadero industrial del estado Aragua. Se evaluó un total de 125 tractos reproductivos encontrándose diferentes hallazgos macroscópicos en 23 animales (18,4%), desglosándose los mismos de la manera siguiente: 8,94% (11/123) de animales con ovarios inactivos o anestro (sin cuerpos lúteos ni folículos o con folículos con un diámetro < 5 mm), 13,01% (16/123) presentaron quistes en los ovarios, 5,6% (7/125) mostraron úteros con material purulento y de éstos en uno se encontró un feto retenido en proceso de descomposición y otro con ausencia de oviducto (cuerno ciego); en 17,6% (22/125) de los animales se evidenció procesos inflamatorios compatibles con cuadros de endometritis.

Pathological Findings of the Reproductive Tract from Culled Sows in Venezuela Abstract In order to advance towards the attainment of productivity in swine production, the adequate knowledge of the anatomy, as well as of the reproductive physiology of the sow is essential. In terms of production, one of the parameters that greatly influence productivity is the number of pigs weaned by sow per year, as this parameter determines the number of pigs delivered to the market. This parameter is directly influenced by the reproductive performance of the herd. Reproductive failure is one of the major causes of culling sows; therefore, a thorough examination of the reproductive tract is a valuable diagnostic tool in swine reproductive management. The evaluation of these organs provides us with a series of data on the possible causes of reproductive failure. At the same time, such an evaluation, will allow us to take corrective measures in the herd. In Venezuela, there is no available data describing the pathological findings observed in the reproductive tract of culled sows. The purpose of this investigation was to describe the pathological findings that affect the reprodcutive tract of culled sows. Samples were collected from a slaughterhouse, located in the State of Aragua, Venezuela. A total of 125 reproductive tracts was collected. Results of this investigation show that only 23 animals (18.4%)exhibited abnormal findings which were classified as follows: 8.94% (11/123) sows with inactive ovaries or anestro (neither corpora lutea nor follicles, or follicles with a diameter < 5 mm); 13.01% (16/123) had evidence of ovarian cysts, and 5.6% (7/125) showed uteri with purulent material: one had a retained fetus in decomposition process, and another lacked an oviduct (blind horn); 17.6% of the animals showed inflammatory processess compatible with endometritis.