Qualidade de vida de trabalhadoras da saúde no contexto da pandemia de Covid-19 / Quality of life of female health workers in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic / Calidad de vida de las trabajadoras de salud en el contexto de la pandemia de Covid-19

A questão de gênero é apontada como influenciadora do processo de adoecimento, com desafios de conciliação dos papéis da mulher atual. Objetivo: estudar percepção de qualidade de vida de trabalhadoras da saúde no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19, descrevendo dados do cenário vivenciado no processo de enfrentamento institucional. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, com base em atividades de promoção à saúde ocupacional, com adesão exclusivamente feminina, que sofreram modificações com a pandemia. A manutenção das ações ocorreu através de levantamento da qualidade de vida (QV), com questões sociodemográficas associadas ao WHOQOL-Bref da OMS, estruturado em domínios ­ físico, psicológico, relações sociais e meio ambiente ­ e oferta de auriculoterapia, caso necessário. Variáveis foram analisadas com teste Kruskal-Wallis, significância de 5% (p < 0,05) e teste de Spearman, aplicado para correlação entre domínios. Resultados: a QV foi tida como regular na amostra de 119 trabalhadoras, com predominância da faixa etária até 60 anos, casadas, sem fatores de risco, com filhos, todos maiores de 18 na maioria. Observou-se: pior média no domínio de meio ambiente (3,29) e melhor no de relações sociais (3,77); correlação positiva principalmente entre os domínios de meio ambiente com físico e de relações sociais com psicológico; menor QV com fatores de risco (3,47); piores domínios físicos até 60 anos (3,51) e com pelo menos um filho menor de 18 (3,41); indiferenças para número de filhos e situação conjugal. Conclusão: é relevante explorar fatores que interfiram na QV de trabalhadoras, considerando diferenças regionais. A área da saúde é predominantemente feminina, estratégias individuais, coletivas e organizacionais devem ser elaboradas a fim de acompanhar o fluxo e oferecer suporte. Acredita-se que questões inerentes ao domínio de relações sociais possam atuar de forma protetiva para outros domínios, contribuindo para adaptações e enfrentamento diante dos desafios.

The gender issue is identified as influencing the illness process, with challenges in reconciling the roles of the women's current scenario. Objective: to study the perception of quality of life of female health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, describing data from the scenario experienced in the process of institutional confrontation. Methodology: descriptive study, based on occupational health promotion activities, with exclusively female membership, which underwent changes with the pandemic. The maintenance of actions occurred through the survey of quality of life (Q.L.), with sociodemographic questions associated with the WHOQOL-Bref of the OMS, maintained in domains ­ physical, psychological, social relations and environment ­ and offer of auriculotherapy if it's necessary. Variables were followed with Kruskal- Wallis test, significance of 5% (p < 0.05) and Spearman test, applied for therapy between domains. Results: Q.L. was considered regular in the sample of 119 female workers, with a predominance of the age group up to 60 years old, married, without risk factors, with children, most of them over 18. It was observed: worst average in the environment domain (3.29) and best in social relationships (3.77); positive correlation mainly between the domains of environment with physical and social relationships with psychological; lower Q.L. with risk factors (3.47); worst physical domains up to 60 years old (3.51) and with at least one child under 18 (3.41); indifference to number of children and marital status. Conclusion: it is relevant to explore factors that interfere with the Q.L. of female workers, considering regional differences. The health area is predominantly female, individual, collective and organizational strategies must be developed in order to follow the flow and offer support. It is believed that issues inherent to the domain of social relationships can act in a protective way for other domains, contributing to adaptations and coping with challenges.

La cuestión de género es identificada como influyente en el proceso de la enfermedad, con desafíos en la conciliación de los papeles del escenario actual de las mujeres. Objetivo: estudiar la percepción de calidad de vida de las trabajadoras de salud en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19, describiendo datos del escenario vivido en el proceso de enfrentamiento institucional. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, basado en actividades de promoción de la salud ocupacional, con adhesión exclusivamente femenina, que sufrió cambios con la pandemia. El mantenimiento de las acciones ocurrió a través de la encuesta de calidad de vida (Q.L.), con preguntas sociodemográficas asociadas al WHOQOL-Bref de la OMS, mantenidas en dominios - físico, psicológico, relaciones sociales y ambiente - y oferta de auriculoterapia si fuera necesario. Las variables fueron seguidas con test de Kruskal-Wallis, significancia del 5% (p < 0,05) y test de Spearman, aplicado para terapia entre dominios. Resultados: Q.L. fue considerada regular en la muestra de 119 trabajadoras, con predominio del grupo de edad hasta 60 años, casadas, sin factores de riesgo, con hijos, la mayoría mayor de 18 años. Se observó: peor promedio en el dominio ambiente (3,29) y mejor en relaciones sociales (3,77); correlación positiva principalmente entre los dominios ambiente con físico y relaciones sociales con psicológico; menor Q.L. con factores de riesgo (3,47); peores dominios físico hasta 60 años (3,51) y con al menos un hijo menor de 18 años (3,41); indiferencia por número de hijos y estado civil. Conclusión: es relevante explorar los factores que interfieren en la Q.L. de las trabajadoras, considerando las diferencias regionales. El área de salud es predominantemente femenina, se deben desarrollar estrategias individuales, colectivas y organizacionales para acompañar el flujo y ofrecer apoyo. Se considera que cuestiones inherentes al dominio de las relaciones sociales pueden actuar de forma protectora para otros dominios, contribuyendo para adaptaciones y enfrentamiento de desafíos.

Cultura de solidariedade e comunicação popular: análise sócio-histórica de publicações impressas de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras (ABC e Grande São Paulo, décadas de 1970 e 1980) / Culture of solidarity and popular communication: a socio-historical analysis of printed publications by workers (ABC and Grande São Paulo, 1970s and 1980s)

Este artigo discute a organização de movimentos populares no ABC Paulista e na Grande São Paulo e suas lutas pela democracia durante a ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985). Concomitante a uma sistemática de trabalho de base e de busca de diálogo constante com a classe trabalhadora, encontramos nesse período significativa elaboração, confecção e distribuição de materiais de comunicação popular produzidos pelos próprios movimentos atuantes nas décadas de 1970 e 1980. Da análise desses registros, depreende-se processos de organização, cultura e solidariedade, evidenciando-os como dimensão subjetiva da realidade. A partir da psicologia sócio-histórica, identificamos nessas experiências criações de linguagem visual e escrita que desejam transformar e comunicar aspectos culturais da classe trabalhadora voltados à autonomia dos sujeitos, sua emancipação e práticas de solidariedade diante de adversidades socioeconômicas e da violência de Estado. Nesse percurso, buscamos empreender um diálogo interdisciplinar com a psicologia social e autores ligados às áreas de história, artes visuais e estudos histórico-culturais

This study discusses the organization of popular movements in ABC Paulista and Greater São Paulo and their struggles for democracy during the civil-military dictatorship (1964-1985). Together with a system of grassroots work in search of constant dialogue with the working class, we find a significant elaboration, production, and distribution of popular communication materials produced in this period by the movements which were active in the 1970s and 1980s. Our analysis of these records shows organizational, cultural, and solidarity processes, constituting a subjective dimension of reality. Based on socio-historical psychology, we identified creations of visual and written language in these experiences which wished to transform and communicate cultural aspects of the working class aimed at subjects' autonomy, their emancipation, and solidarity practices in the face of socioeconomic adversities and state violence. Along this path, we seek to engage in an interdisciplinary dialogue with social psychology and history, visual arts, and historical-cultural authors

Occupational safety and health development and challenges in Ethiopia: a case study of the Hawassa Industrial Park

Background: In Ethiopia, industrial parks that specialise in garment production are increasing in number and have created job opportunities for more than 45 000 workers. However, healthcare services, including occupational safety and health (OSH), are not commensurate with the growth and needs of the industry. Objectives: We assessed the supply and demand, barriers, governance, and regulation of health services and OSH at Hawassa Industrial Park, the largest industrial park in Ethiopia. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative data were collected via interviews with 260 randomly selected workers, focus group discussions with workers and health professionals, and key informant interviews with industrial park management, and government and non-government stakeholders. Ethiopian OHS polices, regulations, guidelines, directives, and strategies were also reviewed. Results: Hawassa Industrial Park hosts 21 globally known companies and more than 23 000 workers. Of the 260 workers interviewed, most (83.1%) were aged 18-24 years. Findings included that the delivery of OSH and primary healthcare is inadequate to ensure safety and meet workers' needs. Use of personal protective equipment is erratic; conditions in the cafeteria are unsanitary, as is the water; use of bathrooms is restricted; workers work long shifts with short breaks; wages are low; and healthcare is expensive, increasing the risk of occupational injuries and diseases. Workers have no OSH committee or trade unions, and Ethiopian Government regulations and enforcement are weak. There is no collaboration between the Park and the Ministry of Health to provide primary healthcare services for the workers. Conclusion: The workers in Hawassa Industrial Park urgently need improved access to, and coverage for, primary healthcare, including OSH; higher wages; and empowerment to exercise their right to organise. All stakeholders need capacity building to enable them to implement OSH.

The association between long working hours and marital status change: middle-aged and educated Korean in 2014–2015

BACKGROUND: We investigated the association between long workhours and marital status change from married to divorced or separated status that might have bad health effects. METHODS: A total of 40,654 participants with married status in 2014 were followed up in 2015. Weekly workhours were categorized into four groups: ≤ 40, 41–52, 53–60, and > 60 hours per week. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between groups of workhours and marital status change after adjusting for age, total monthly household income, working type, and depression with sex stratification. RESULTS: The study populations consisted of 8,346 (20.5%) females and 32,308 (79.5%) males. Odd ratios (ORs) of marital status change for females working for more than 60 hours per week was 4.26 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–14.5), when working less than or equal to 40 hours per week was used as reference in the crude model. ORs of working more than 60 hours per week was 4.57 (95% CI: 1.02–20.5) in female workers when considering age, total household earning per month, working type of daytime, and depression in a dose-response manner. However, for male workers, long workhours were not significantly related to change of marriage status. CONCLUSIONS: Long workhours for more than 60 hours per week had significantly higher risk of divorce or separation in females, but not in males. Further follow-up studies are needed to evaluate long term effects of long workhours on divorce risk.

The effect of shift work on high sensitivity C-reactive protein level among female workers

BACKGROUND: This study assessed the association between shift work and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), in female workers in electronics manufacturing services (EMS). METHODS: Female EMS workers who received special medical examinations for workers in Gyeongnam, Korea between January 2017 and December 2017 were enrolled in this study. Their age, marital status, education level, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, regular exercise, quality of sleep, work stress, and depression were investigated, and blood tests were conducted. The t- and χ2 tests were conducted to compare the general and biochemical characteristics between daytime and shift worker groups. Age-adjusted partial correlation analysis was performed to examine the linear relationship between hs-CRP level and other risk factors for CVDs. In addition, the difference in hs-CRP levels according to work schedule was analyzed by ANCOVA after adjusting for variables that could affect the hs-CRP level. RESULTS: Although the average hs-CRP levels did not differ significantly between daytime and shift workers (0.92 ± 1.87 and 1.07 ± 2.20 mg/dL, respectively), shift workers tended to show a higher hs-CRP level (p = 0.067). After adjusting for variables that can affect the hs-CRP level, the estimated average hs-CRP level was significantly higher in shift workers (1.325 ± 0.156 mg/dL) than that in daytime workers (0.652 ± 0.350 mg/dL) (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study identified a relationship between shift work and hs-CRP level increase in women. Because multiple studies have reported associations between increased hs-CRP and CVD, follow-up of hs-CRP may help early detection of CVD in shift workers.

Investigation and analysis on occupational hazard factors exposure to the female workers in Gansu province / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigation on the occupational hazardous factors exposed to the female workers, from 14 prefectures and municipalities in Gansu province.@*Methods@#The survey was conducted from June to October 2015. A total of 8 538 female employees from 30 enterprises in 14 prefectures and cities of the province were selected by cluster sampling method. The occupational hazard factors were investigated and analyzed statistically.@*Results@#The survey found that the proportion of female workers in Gansu province who are exposed to chemical and physical harmful factors at the same time is relatively large. Most female workers are exposed to 2-4 occupational hazards, and women who are exposed to 3 and 4 chemical harmful factors account for 28.8 % and 38.0 %, respectively. Women workers who were exposed to two or three physical factors at the same time accounted for 59.44 per cent, while 61.5% were exposed to two biological factors at the same time. The number of female workers exposed to two or three physical factors at the same time and the number of four and five physical factors at the same time after being tested by χ2. The difference is statistically significant (χ2= 8.17, P<0.05) . The difference in the number of female workers who simultaneously exposed 3 and 4 chemical factors and simultaneously exposed 2 and 5 or more chemical factors is statistically significant (χ2=11.26, P<0.05) . There was no significant difference in the exposure of female workers to biological factors.@*Conclusion@#This survey shows that the exposure of female workers in Gansu Province to occupational hazards is not optimistic. We should strengthen enterprise supervision and improve the working environment and conditions of female workers.

Relationship between occupational stress, psychological capital and depressive symptoms among female workers in five electronic manufacturing enterprises / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To explore the relationship between occupational stress, psychological capital and depressive symptoms among electronic manufacturing female workers in the Pearl River Delta region.@*Methods@#Using cluster sampling method, 845 female workers from 5 electronic manufacturing enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region were selected as research subjects from June to August 2017. The Effort Reward Imbalance questionnaire (ERI) , Psychological Capital questionnaire-24 (PCQ-24) and Patient Health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were applied to measure the level of occupational stress, psychological capital and depressive symptoms in female workers.@*Results@#Effort (r=0.197, P<0.01) and over commitment (r=-0.260, P<0.01) were positively correlated with the score of depressive symptoms, and the rewards was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r=-0.211, P<0.01) . The reward and over-commitment for depressive symptoms were accounted for 8.2%. Psychological capital was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms, and plays a partly mediating role in the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms of female workers. The psychological capital for depressive symptoms was accounted for 8.7%.@*Conclusion@#Occupational stress can affects the depressive symptoms of electronic manufacturing female workers, or indirectly affect depressive symptoms through psychological capital, reduce occupational stress and improve psychological capital as a way to relieve the depressive symptoms of female workers.

The Influence of Work Factors on Reproductive Health of Female Workers in Sidoarjo Industrial Area, Indonesia

Abstract@#Introduction: Female workers have different abilities and physiology to male workers. Thus, female workers are very sensitive to some hazards in workplace environment. The existing hazards in work environment can cause various effects towards pregnancy among female workers. The objective of this study was to analyze the influence of work factors including shift work, work attitude, and work duration on reproductive health. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study. The number of research sample was 109 female workers selected by simple random sampling. The respondents were female workers in plastic and soft drink industry in Sidoarjo. Primary data was collected by using questionnaires. The dependent variable was the reproductive health of female workers. Reproductive health status of female workers includes menstrual disorders and pregnancy disorders. The independent variables included work pattern, work duration, and shift work. Results: The percentage of respondents who were married was 81.7%. The percentage of respondents experiencing reproductive disorders was 63.3% in which 60.6% cases were menstrual disorders and 20.2% cases were pregnancy disorders. The results of logistic regression test showed that reproductive health during pregnancy was affected by shift work (p=0.007). Conclusion: Female workers who worked in the evening and at night shift had high risks of pregnancy disorders and miscarriage than female workers who worked at normal working hours. Working in shifts and the irregular working hours also associated with the miscarriage occurence. Companies need to provide protection for pregnant workers in order to avoid irregular shift work and evening or night shift.

Eating behaviour of young female workers with low socioeconomic status in Malang City, East Java: a qualitative study

@# Introduction: Eating behaviour is one of the important factors affecting nutritional status that has been widely investigated. However, there are few studies on the eating behaviour of young female workers in Indonesia. This study aimed at investigating the factors affecting eating behaviour of young female workers of low socioeconomic status in Malang, East Java province, Indonesia. Methods: Participants were recruited using purposive sampling from low-income families living in Malang City. The eligibility criteria were based on demographic information, including monthly household income and expenses. The participants recruited comprised 21 women aged 18-22 years who were employed outside their homes, unmarried and living with their parents. A qualitative methodology was used to understand the meaning and context of the eating behaviour of these women. In-depth interviews and focus group discussions were used as the primary data collection methods. Results: Two primary themes emerged as the main influences of the participants’ eating behaviour: individual attributes (food preferences, healthy eating knowledge and self-efficacy), and socio-environmental factors (peer influence, mother’s role and food availability). In general, the participants had some knowledge about healthy eating behaviour; however, they lacked self-efficacy to practise such behaviour. Conclusion: Individual motivations and socio-environmental factors were found to mediate the eating behaviour of young working women from poor households. These factors should be considered when designing nutrition programmes for achieving healthier eating behaviour among young working women.

Demographic And Socioeconomic Profile Of Female Domestic Workers In An Urban Slum Of Central Delhi– A Mixed Method Study.

Background: Labour pool engaged in informal or the unorganised sector is stillamong the least investigated employment conditions in ambit of public health research. Present study aimed to assess the living conditions and physical health profile of female domestic workers in an urban slum of central Delhi. Methods: A pretested questionnaire was used in a house to house survey of an urban slum to interview 100 women working as domestic help assessing their socio–demography and working conditions. Besides, in depth interviews were performed for key informants (n=10) to get detailed assessment of working conditions. Results:A large proportion of female domestic workers in the study sample were in late thirties. Although majority were literate but found it as most apt job. Majority were currently married and supporting families ranging from 2–15 members. In about 15% of the families they were the only ead winner of the family.Majority were migrants in Delhi from other northern states of India and few were cross border migrants. Majority of the subjects live in insanitary environment. Job security and job satisfaction are very low. Often at times they are subjected to long working hours and excessively arduous tasks. Discussion: Participants in our study were all from low socioeconomic status living and working in deplorable situation. Conclusion:More research in this issue as any other occupation in formal or informal sector is recommended.

Effects of Workload on Reproductive Health Status of Female Workers in Mechanical Manufacturing Industry / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the reproductive health status of female workers in the machinery industry and to analysis the effect of workload on their reproductive health.@*Methods@#5 732 female mechanical workers were selected and investigated by the Female Workers' Reproductive Health Questionnaire, which was printed by the occupational health and poisoning control institute of China CDC to collect the information about the reproductive health status of from March to December in 2016.@*Results@#The rate of abnormal menstruation was 27.15%, and the rate of gynecological diseases of female workers was 34.39%. The menstruation abnormality and gynecological diseases rate of female workers with high workload was higher than that female workers with low workload (both P<0.01) . High workload was the independent the risk factor associated with the menstruation abnormality (OR=1.88, 95%CI: 1.54~2.31, P<0.01) and gynecological diseases (OR=1.97, 95% CI: 1.61~2.40, P<0.01) .@*Conclusion@#The workload has a large impact on the reproductive health status of female workers.

Investigation and Analysis on shift work female workers' and the impact on reproductive health / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the distribution of shift work of female workers in different industries and the relationship between shift work and reproductive health, then provide reference for the female workers' labor protection.@*Methods@#From June to September 2016, cluster sampling questionnaire survey was performed among female workers from 11 industries including electronics, medicine and health, pharmacy. To investigate the general information, shift-work information, reproductive health and childbearing history of these female workers.@*Results@#A total of 63 711 usable questionnaires were collected, resulting in a response rate of 96.94%.A total of 13 546 workers worked in shifts, accounting for 21.26%, the highest proportion was in the medical industry 30.61%, metallurgy 30.81%, petrochemical engineerin 26.78% respectively. Compared with the workers who did not work in shifts, those who worked in shifts had significantly higher rate of abnormal menstruation, rate of reproductive system infection in married workers, the rate of infertility (χ2=19.108、10.673、21.510, P<0.05) ; Compared with the workers who did not work in nightshifts, those who worked in nightshifts had significantly higher rate of abnormal menstruation, rate of reproductive system infection among married workers and rate of infertility (χ2=140.043、71.901、29.024, P<0.01) .@*Conclusion@#The highest rate of shift work was in the medical industry, metallurgy, petrochemical engineering industry. Workers who worked in shifts have serious reproductive health issues, the occurrence of abnormal menstruation, reproductive system infection and infertility may associated with shift work.

Influence of occupational noise exposure on reproductive function in Chinese female workers:a meta-analysis / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of occupational noise exposure on reproductive function in Chinese female workers.METHODS: The published literatures that showed the relationship between occupational noise exposure and female workers' reproductive function from Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang Data,Chinese Biology Medicine Database and China Science and Technology Periodical Database from 1985 to 2016 were collected,screened and analyzed using bibliometric method.The Rev Man 5.2 software was used to calculate the pooled odds ratio(OR) and the 95%confidence interval(CI).RESULTS: A total of 25 original research papers were included.The occupational exposure to noise was significantly associated with abnormality of female menstrual cycle(OR = 2.26,95% CI: 1.70-3.01),dysmenorrheal(OR = 2.21,95% CI: 1.78-2.75),abnormal menstrual period(OR = 2.11,95% CI: 1.40-3.18),abnormal menstrual blood volume(OR = 1.73,95% CI: 1.34-2.23),pregnancy-induced hypertension(OR = 1.82,95% CI: 1.49-2.22),anemia in pregnancy(OR = 1.71,95% CI: 1.25-2.34),threatened abortion(OR = 1.98,95% CI: 1.23-3.20),spontaneous abortion(OR = 1.76,95% CI: 1.49-2.08),stillbirths(OR = 1.61,95% CI: 1.22-2.13),premature birth(OR = 1.57,95% CI: 1.36-1.81),neonatal low birth weight(OR = 1.66,95% CI: 1.39-1.98),and congenital malformations(OR = 1.58,95% CI: 1.10-2.27) compared with the controls(P<0.01).There was a doseresponse relationship between the above-mentioned indicators and the intensity of noise exposure.Occupational noise exposure was not associated with over-term birth(OR = 1.32,95% CI: 0.81-2.15,P>0.05) compared with the controls.CONCLUSION: Occupational noise exposure can affect the reproductive function and pregnancy outcomes of female workers.It is suggested that pregnant women should not be engaged in noise operations.

Effects of Emotional Labor and Workplace Violence on Physical and Mental Health Outcomes among Female Workers: The 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey / 한국직업건강간호학회지

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of emotional labor and workplace violence on various physical and mental health outcomes among female workers. METHODS: We obtained data from 24,760 female workers who participated in the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships. RESULTS: Female emotional workers were more exposed to workplace violence than were female non-emotional workers. Verbal abuse was the most common type of workplace violence. Logistic regression analyses revealed that (1) emotional labor was significantly associated with higher odds of having musculoskeletal or abdominal pain (physical health outcomes), along with overall fatigue (a mental health outcome), and (2) workplace violence experiences were significantly associated with higher odds of musculoskeletal pain, headache/eye strain, abdominal pain, depression/anxiety disorder, overall fatigue, and insomnia/sleep disturbance, after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that both emotional labor and workplace violence have negative effects on physical and mental health. However, workplace violence experience has a stronger negative impact on health outcomes than does emotional labor alone. A management system to eradicate workplace violence and programs aimed at managing emotional labor are urgently needed at the organizational level.

Survey and analysis on reproductive health of 14 614 female workers / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reproductive health status of female workers,so as to provide reference for establishing prevention measures to protect the reproductive health of female workers. METHODS: Using the cross-sectional investigation method,14 614 female workers were selected and investigated by Reproductive Health Survey Questionnaire.Workers were from 7 provinces in different industries( including medical and health, petrochemical engineering,metallurgy,railway,machine manufacturing,electronic and shoemaking,and so on). The investigation was from June to August of 2015. RESULTS: The proportion of female workers with a long time sitting position at work accounted for 48. 68%( 7 114 /14 614),and the proportion of female workers with regular change of sitting positions accounted for 23. 45%( 3 427 /14 614). There were 40. 84%( 5 968 /14 614) of female workers who were exposed to harmful occupational factors at work. The abnormal rate of reproductive health,the rate of menstrual abnormalities and the infertility rate in female workers were 18. 29%( 1 633 /8 930),28. 14%( 4 113 /14 614) and 24. 26%( 1 834 /7 559),respectively. In the 7 industries,the abnormal rate of reproductive health and the infertility rate among the female workers of the railway industry were the highest( P < 0. 01),while the rate of menstrual abnormalities among the female workers of the electronic industry was the highest( P < 0. 01). Among the 4 kind of working posture,the abnormal rate of reproductive health,the rate of menstrual abnormalities and the infertility rate among the female workers with a long time standing position at work was the highest( P < 0. 01). The above 3 indexes of the female workers who were exposed to harmful occupational factors at work were higher than those of the ones who were not( P < 0. 01). CONCLUSION: The reproductive health status of female workers is not optimistic. The occupational health protection should be strengthened and regular gynecological examination should be given to female workers during child-bearing period,so as to improve their reproductive health status.

Comparison of mood among male and female workers as a function of reproductive stage / Comparación del ánimo entre los trabajadores hombres y mujeres como una función de la etapa reproductiva

El propósito de este estudio fue comparar la frecuencia de alteraciones del estado de ánimo de los trabajadores masculinos y femeninos maduros. También se intentó demostrar la relación de los síntomas con algunos aspectos psicológicos como la autoestima de los voluntarios (AE), la satisfacción marital (SM) y las actitudes hacia la sexualidad (AHS). Materiales y métodos: En un diseño transversal, se determina la frecuencia de la depresión, la ansiedad, los síntomas no específicos de la depresión (SNED), MS, y los sentimientos de síndrome del nido vacío (SSNV) en 103 hombres y 129 mujeres de 40 a 64 años de edad. Depresión, los SNED y la ansiedad fueron evaluados según los criterios DSM-III-R calificados con la prueba de Bech-Rafaelsen Hamilton. La AE se evaluó con la prueba Coopersmith, AHS y SSNV con un cuestionario previamente validado y SM con la prueba de selección De Weiss. Las mujeres se dividieron en función de su último período menstrual en pre, peri y postmenopáusicas. Resultados: Los resultados demostraron que el SSNV fue más frecuente en mujeres que en varones (p = 0,03). Las mujeres perimenopáusicas tuvieron mayor frecuencia de depresión, ansiedad y SNED que los hombres y las mujeres pre y posmenopáusicas. La AE fue asociada positivamente con alteraciones del estado de ánimo en el trabajo masculino y femenino. En los hombres, la MS estuvo significativamente asociada con SSNV y con la depresión y los SNED en las mujeres perimenopáusicas. Conclusiones: Llegamos a la conclusión de que las alteraciones del estado de ánimo son más frecuentes en las mujeres que en los hombres maduros. También hemos demostrado que en las mujeres maduras una pobre AE podría ser un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de problemas del estado de ánimo. En ambos, hombres maduros y mujeres posmenopáusicas, la MS juega un papel importante en la aparición de SSNV.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the frequencies of mood alterations of mature male and female workers. Also we aimed to demonstrate the relationship of symptoms with some psychological aspects such as volunteer's self-esteem (SE), marital satisfaction (MS) and attitudes toward sexuality (ATS). Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional design, we determine the frequencies of depression, anxiety, non-specific symptoms of depression (NSSD), MS, and the feelings of empty nest syndrome (FENS) in 103 males and 129 females from 40 to 64 years of age. Depression, NSSD and anxiety were evaluated according to DSMIII-R criteria and scored with the Hamilton Bech-Rafaelsen test. SE was evaluated with the Coopersmith test, ATS and FENS with a previously validated questionnaire, and MS with the Pick De Weiss test. Women were divided according to their last menstrual period in pre- peri- and postmenopausal. Results: The results demonstrated that FENS were more frequent in females than in males (p=0.03). Perimenopausal women had higher frequencies of depression, anxiety, and NSSD than males and pre- and postmenopausal females did. SE was positively associated with mood alterations in both male and female labors. In males, MS was significant associated with FENS; and with depression and NSSD in perimenopausal females. Conclusions: We concluded that mood alterations are more frequent in mature females than in males. Also we demonstrated that in mature females poor SE could be a risk factor to development mood problems. In both mature male and postmenopausal females, MS plays an important role in the appearance of FENS.

The Association between Shift Work and the Metabolic Syndrome in Female Workers

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine identify any association between shift work and the metabolic syndrome by comparing the prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome in shift work groups and daytime work groups for female workers. METHODS: Based on data from health examinations carried out from April to December of 2012, we selected as our subjects 254 female workers from the Daegu area Dyeing Industrial Complex. We diagnosed the metabolic syndrome using the examination results, and information about age, whether or not they did shift work, job type, smoking habits, drinking habits, exercise habits, and past medical history was collected through self-administered questionnaire surveys and face-to-face interviews. The variables found in a univariate analysis to be significant in the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome - age, drinking habits, exercise habits, and shift work - were included in a logistic regression analysis of the risk of the metabolic syndrome for female workers. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome for the total group of study subjects was 11.8%, for daytime workers was 2.8%, and for shift workers was 15.3%. A logistic regression analysis of the odds of the metabolic syndrome for female workers was conducted that included factors associated with the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome: age, drinking habits, exercise habits, and shift work. The results revealed that the odds ratio of the metabolic syndrome in the shift work group, 6.30 (95% CI 1.24-32.15), was significantly higher when compared with the daytime work group. CONCLUSION: Shift work appears to have an association with the metabolic syndrome in female workers. Accordingly, we believe that the attention of government agencies and business owners is needed together with the individual practice of health behaviors to manage the metabolic syndrome for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in female shift workers.

Research about sexual knowledge nursing intervention for femal workers in Dongguan / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To know the master condition about sexual knowledge in female workers in Dongguan, and then carry out certain effective community nursing intervention to populize the related knowledge in female workers. Methods Divided 3000 femle workers with 18-35 years old who had selected in 9 factories in Dongguan into the DV group and the teacher education group randomly, there were 1500 cases in each group. Video displaied was used in the DV group in certain propert time, teacher education about sexual knowledge was used in the teacher education group, compared the master condi-tion of sexual knowledge before and after the interventioni by questionnair in the two groups respectively, and then summarized the results. Results There were no significant differences between the two groups about sexual knowledge before the intervention, while after the intervention, the master conditon of sexual knowl-edge in the DV group were better than those of in the teacher education group. Conclusions Video dis-play is a kind of saving, effectiveness, open-end and circular mode for female workers to pepulize sexual-related knowledge, which should be ranging used.

Analysis on Female Workers' Job Stress in Sales and Retail Industries / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to measure job stress and to explore risk factors of female workers in the retail and sales industries in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon. METHODS: A total of 321 participants responded to a self-administered questionnaire that included 24 items of the KOSS(Korean Occupational Stress Scale) and sociodemographic characteristics. The 240 questionnaires were collected from January to March 2007 and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean scores of female workers' job stress in the retail and sales industries ranged in Q50~74 compared with the average scores of female Koreans. The level of job insecurity was significantly high, and ranged in Q75~. However, the level of insufficient job control ranged in Q~24. Multiple regression analysis was used to explain the risk factors of female workers: monthly salary and insufficient sleep were of statistical significance. CONCLUSION: High level of job stress suggested that appropriate stress management programs be implemented for female workers in the retail and sales

Analysis on Female Workers' Job Stress in Sales and Retail Industries / 산업간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to measure job stress and to explore risk factors of female workers in the retail and sales industries in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon. METHODS: A total of 321 participants responded to a self-administered questionnaire that included 24 items of the KOSS(Korean Occupational Stress Scale) and sociodemographic characteristics. The 240 questionnaires were collected from January to March 2007 and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean scores of female workers' job stress in the retail and sales industries ranged in Q50~74 compared with the average scores of female Koreans. The level of job insecurity was significantly high, and ranged in Q75~. However, the level of insufficient job control ranged in Q~24. Multiple regression analysis was used to explain the risk factors of female workers: monthly salary and insufficient sleep were of statistical significance. CONCLUSION: High level of job stress suggested that appropriate stress management programs be implemented for female workers in the retail and sales