Evaluation of Root Canal Cleaning Efficacy of Selfadjusting Files, Protaper Rotary, and Manual K?Files in Primary Teeth ? An In vitro Comparative Study

Background: The success of pulpectomy depends on complete eradication of microbial load by cleaning and shaping the primary root canals that is difficult to achieve because of anatomical intricacy of primary pulp dentin complex. Numerous instruments were tried, however, they proved to be inadequate. Selfadjusting file (SAF) is a newer file system that facilitates less dentin removal with maximal cleansing of root canals. Aim: To evaluate and compare the in vitro root canal cleaning efficacy with SAF, Protaper Universal, and Hand K?files in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted primary anterior teeth were randomly divided into three groups by lottery method. Access cavity was prepared, the canals were enlarged up to 20 K file, and an Indian ink was injected into each canal. Then the Group I (n = 20) was treated with SAF, Group II (n = 20) with Rotary Protaper Universal and Group III (n = 20) with Hand K?files and the root canal cleaning efficacy was evaluated based on the amount of Indian ink remaining in the canal walls under stereomicroscopy. Data were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis one way ANOVA test and post hoc Tuckey test for intragroup and intergroup comparison, respectively. Results: A statistically highly significant difference was observed with SAF (mean = 1.5), Protaper (mean = 2.5), and Hand K?files (mean = 2.9). However, there was no significant difference in root canal cleaning efficacy with Protaper Universal and Hand K?files. Conclusion: The SAFs had shown superior cleaning efficacy compared with rotary Protaper Universal and manual K files.

Comparison of obturation quality, instrumentation time and post-operative pain using manual K-files and pediatric rotary files in primary molars ­ a double blinded randomised clinical trial / Comparação da qualidade de obturação, tempo de instrumentação e dor pós-operatória usando Limas manuais K e Limas rotativas pediátricas em molares decíduos ­ um estudo clínico randomizado duplo-cego

Objective: to compare the quality of obturation, instrumentation time and post-operative pain after pulpectomy in primary molars using manual K-files, Kedo-S and Kedo-S Square rotary file systems. Material and Methods: a double blinded randomized control trial was conducted in 45 children, who were indicated for pulpectomy in any one of the primary mandibular molars. The canal preparation was done using either hand K-files, Kedo-S files, or Kedo-S Square files based on the groups assigned. The time taken for instrumentation was recorded using a stopwatch. The quality of obturation was evaluated using post-operative radiograph and post-operative pain was assessed with modified Wong-Baker Faces Pain scale. Results: instrumentation time was minimum in rotary Kedo-S Square files (53.23 ± 9.60 seconds) followed by Kedo-S files (82.70 ± 11.86 seconds). The preparation time was maximum with manual K-files (121.43 ± 20.18 seconds). Kedo-S square files provided a higher number of optimally filled canals (66.4%). All the three instrumentations equally showed the tendency to produce voids in the obturation. Rotary files Kedo-S Square followed by Kedo-S showed less post-operative pain compared to K-files. Conclusion: the use of pediatric rotary instruments for canal preparation during pulpectomy will result in better quality of obturation in reduced time with least post-operative pain (AU)

Objetivo: comparar a qualidade de obturação, tempo de instrumentação e dor pós-operatória após pulpectomia em molares decíduos usando limas manuais K, limas rotatórias Kedo-S e limas rotatórias Kedo-S Square. Material e Métodos: um estudo clínico randomizado duplo-cego foi conduzido com 45 crianças que foram submetidas à pulpectomia de algum molar decíduo indicado. A preparação do canal foi feita usando limas manuais K, ou limas Kedo-S, ou ainda Limas Kedo-S Square, com base nos grupos que foram selecionados. O tempo para a instrumentação foi registrado com um cronômetro. A qualidade de obturação foi avaliada por meio de uma radiografia após o procedimento e a dor pós-operatória foi avaliada com a escala de dor Wong-Baker Faces modificada. Resultados: o tempo de instrumentação foi mínimo para as limas rotatórias Kedo-S Square (53,23 ± 9,60 segundos) seguido pelas limas Kedo-S (82,70 ± 11,86 segundos). O tempo de preparação foi maior com as limas manuais K (121,43 ± 20,18 segundos). As limas Kedo-S Square promoveram um maior número de canais otimamente obturados (66,4%). Todas as três instrumentações mostraram igualmente a tendência em seproduzir vazios na obturação. As limas rotatórias Kedo-S Square seguidas pelas limas Kedo-S produziram menos dor pós-operatória comparadas às limas manuais K. Conclusão: o uso de instrumentos rotatórios pediátricos para a preparação do canal durante a pulpectomia resultará em melhor qualidade de obturação em tempo reduzido e com menos dor pós-operatória. (AU)

An in vitro comparative evaluation of dentinal crack formation caused by three different nickel–titanium rotary file systems in primary anterior teeth

Context: Cleaning and shaping of the canals damages the root dentin which becomes a gateway to dentinal cracks and thereby causes failure of the treatment. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess and compare dentinal crack formation caused by three different nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary file systems in primary anterior teeth. Settings and Design: The present in vitro study is an experimental, comparative study. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty extracted primary anterior teeth were included in this study. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups. Group 1: Pedoflex rotary file system, Group 2: Prime Pedo™ rotary file system, Group 3: Kedo-S2 rotary file system, Group 4: K-files, and Group 5: no instrumentation. Roots were sectioned and viewed under a stereomicroscope for the presence of any cracks. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and Kruskal–Wallis test. Results: In the coronal, middle, and apical thirds, Group 2 showed a maximum number of crack formations in the middle third (57%), followed by Group 3 (43.3%) and Group 1 (36.7%). Groups 4 and 5 showed no crack formation in all the root sections. The middle third showed a maximum number of crack formations compared to the coronal and apical thirds. Conclusions: Rotary systems render various benefits with an acceptable success in comparison to conventional hand instrumentation. Within the limitation of this study, it was found that Pedoflex rotary file system was the best with the least number of crack formations.

Avaliação do nível de sujidade de sistemas rotatório e reciprocante após instrumentação e procedimentos de limpeza pré-esterilização / Evaluation of the dirt level of rotary and reciprocating systems after instrumentation and pre-sterilization cleaning procedures

Objetivos: avaliar a sujidade de limas rotatórias e reciprocantes após instrumentação e procedimentos de limpeza pré-esterilização. Materiais e métodos: 24 limas rotatórias e as 24 limas reciprocantes foram divididas, aleatoriamente, em dois grandes grupos. No primeiro grupo, as 12 limas rotatórias e as 12 limas reciprocantes foram divididas, aleatoriamente, em seis subgrupos (SG): SG1 (controle negativo 1/n=1) ­ 1 lima rotatória não submetida à instrumentação; SG2 (controle negativo 2/n=1) ­ 1 lima reciprocante não submetida à instrumentação; SG3 (controle positivo 1/n=1) ­ 1 lima rotatória submetida à instrumentação e não submetida a qualquer protocolo de limpeza; SG4 (controle positivo 2/n=1) ­ 1 lima reciprocante submetida à instrumentação e não submetida a qualquer protocolo de limpeza; SG5 (grupo teste/n=10) ­ 10 limas rotatórias submetidas à instrumentação e submetidas ao protocolo de lavagem manual; SG6 (grupo teste/ n=10) ­ 10 limas reciprocantes submetidas à instrumentação e submetidas ao protocolo de lavagem manual. No segundo grupo, as 12 limas rotatórias e as 12 limas reciprocantes foram divididas, aleatoriamente, nos mesmos subgrupos, substituindo, nos subgrupos 5 e 6, a lavagem manual pela lavagem em cuba ultrassônica. A análise do nível de sujidade foi realizada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), sendo os dados submetidos ao teste de Kruskal-Wallis, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: a menor média de sujidade entre os grupos experimentais foi encontrada no SG5 do G1, sem diferença significante em relação aos demais grupos testados (p>0,05). Conclusão: conclui-se que os protocolos de limpeza testados não foram completamente efetivos para a remoção de sujidade das limas endodônticas.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the dirt of rotary and reciprocating files after instrumentation and pre- -sterilization cleaning procedures. Materials and Methods: 24 rotary files and the 24 reciprocating files were randomly divided into two groups. In the 1st group, 12 rotary files and 12 reciprocating files were randomly divided into six subgroups (SG): SG1 (negative control 1/n=1) ­ 1 rotary file not subjected to instrumentation; SG2 (negative control 2/n=1) ­ 1 reciprocating file not subjected to instrumentation; SG3 (positive control 1/n=1) ­ 1 rotary file submitted to instrumentation and not submitted to any cleaning protocol; SG4 (positive control 2/n=1) ­ 1 reciprocating file submitted to instrumentation and not submitted to any cleaning protocol; SG5 (test group/n=10) ­ 10 rotary files submitted to instrumentation and submitted to the manual cleaning protocol; SG6 (test group/n=10) ­ 10 reciprocating files submitted to instrumentation and submitted to the manual cleaning protocol. In the 2nd group, the 12 rotary files and the 12 reciprocating files were randomly divided into the same subgroups, substituting, in subgroups 5 and 6, manual with ultrasonic bath cleaning. The analysis of dirt levels was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), being the data submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of 5%. Results: the lowest average of dirt between the experimental groups was found in SG5 of G1, with no significant difference when compared to the other groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: it could be concluded that the cleaning protocols were not completely effective in removing dirt from endodontic files.(AU)

Análisis retrospectivo de registros clínicos de una población felina, a partir de los rangos etarios definidos por la International Cat Care / Clinical Record Retrospective Analysis of a Cat Population based on the Age Ranges Defined by the International Cat Care

Resumen En el presente estudio se realizó un análisis retrospectivo a 1199 fichas clínicas de felinos, pertenecientes a una clínica veterinaria entre los años 2008-2013, con el propósito de establecer el orden de importancia de las distintas patologías. Dicho análisis se basó en la categoría etaria de la International Cat Care (ICC) y consideró las variables sistema afectado, raza, sexo y condición reproductiva. Del total de fichas, el 69 % (827/1199) correspondieron a pacientes con patologías, donde el sistema más afectado correspondió al sistema tegumentario (20,1 %). La raza con mayor representación correspondió a los tipo doméstico común (DC), con un 98,42 %, mientras que el 1,58 % restante fue representado por ejemplares de raza. Con respecto a la distribución por sexo, esta afectó al 52,29 % de los machos y al 47,71 % de las hembras. De acuerdo con el rango etario, el mayor porcentaje de patologías se presentó en los junior, con un 41,53 %. Con respecto a la condición reproductiva, el 76,15 % de las fichas clínicas analizadas correspondió a animales enteros, los castrados representaron el 7,51 % y la diferencia porcentual restante (16,35 %) incluyó a todos aquellos pacientes en los cuales no existía dicha información.

Abstract This study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of 1199 cat clinical files in a veterinary clinic between 2008 and 2013. The study aims to determine an importance ranking for the different pathologies. This analysis is based on the age categories provided by the International Cat Care (ICC) and takes into account the variables: affected system, race, sex, and reproductive condition. Out of the total files, 69% (827/1199) accounted for patients with pathologies and the integumentary system was the most frequently affected (20.1 %). The most frequently found race was the common home cat (CHC) with 98.42% while the remaining 1.58 % accounted for specific race specimens. Regarding the sex distribution, 52.29% of affected cats were male and 47.71% were female. Regarding the age ranges, a higher percentage of pathologies was found in junior cats, with 41.53%. Regarding the reproductive condition, 76.15% of the clinical files analyzed herein belong to non-neutered cats and 7.51% to neutered cats. The remaining percentage difference (16.35 %) includes all the patients without this specific information.

O acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola: fundo da antiga escola industrial e comercial Artur de Paiva (1939-1975) / Access to information in Angola's archives: fund of the old industrial and commercial school Artur de Paiva (1939-1975)

RESUMO O ensaio cuja abordagem centra-se no "acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola: fundo da antiga Escola Industrial e Comercial Artur de Paiva", limitado em termos cronológicos nos períodos entre 1939 a 1975. É interessante estudar o acesso à informação deste fundo pelas seguintes razões: Por um lado, a escola sendo uma das mais antigas da Região Sul de Angola, e por outro lado, devido ao elevado número de documentos de valor histórico e investigativo acumulado ao longo destes anos pela instituição. Daí que, a necessidade de analisar o estado atual do acesso à informação nos arquivos de Angola e da legislação existente sobre ela, virada para o sector de ensino, tornou-se o principal objetivo do ensaio. Far-se-á através de um estudo de caso, documental e bibliográfica, analisando o fenómeno isoladamente para percebermos melhor a situação real do acesso à informação na instituição. A combinação de vários elementos metodológicos, permitirá perceber o mesmo objeto sobre perspetivas diferentes. Efetivamente, também serão apresentadas legislações nacionais e internacionais que tratam sobre o acesso à informação, proteção dos dados pessoais, entre outros. Finalmente, será possível propor um modelo para o acesso à informação do fundo histórico da escola.

ABSTRACT The tes whose approach focuses on "Access to information in Angola's archives: fund of the old Industrial and Commercial School Artur de Paiva", limited in chronological terms between 1939 and 1975. It is interesting to study the access to information from this fund by following reasons: On the one hand, the school being one of the oldest in the Southern Region of Angola, and on the other hand, due to the high number of documents of historical and investigative value accumulated over these years by the institution. Hence, the need to analyze the current state of access to information in the archives of Angola and the existing legislation on it, facing the education sector, became the main objective of the essay. It will be done through a case study, documentary and bibliographic, analyzing the phenomenon in isolation to better understand the real situation of access to information in the institution. The combination of several methodological elements, will allow to perceive the same object from different perspectives. Effectively, national and international laws that deal with access to information, protection of personal data, among others, will also be presented. Finally, it will be possible to propose a model for accessing information from the school's historical fund.

RESUMEN El ensayo cuyo enfoque se centra en "El acceso a la información en los archivos de Angola: Fondo de la antigua Escuela Industrial y Comercial Artur de Paiva", limitada en términos cronológicos entre 1939 y 1975..Es interesante estudiar el acceso a la información de este fondo por las siguientes razones: por un lado, la escuela es una de las más antiguas de la Región Sur de Angola, y por otro lado, debido a la gran cantidad de documentos de valor histórico e investigativo acumulados durante estos años. años por la institución. Por lo tanto, la necesidad de analizar el estado actual del acceso a la información en los archivos de Angola y la legislación existente sobre el mismo, frente al sector educativo, se convirtió en el objetivo principal del ensayo. Se realizará a través de un estudio de caso, documental y bibliográfico, analizando el fenómeno de forma aislada para comprender mejor la situación real de acceso a la información en la institución. La combinación de varios elementos metodológicos, permitirá percibir el mismo objeto desde diferentes perspectivas. Efectivamente, también se presentarán leyes nacionales e internacionales que se ocupan del acceso a la información, la protección de datos personales, entre otros. Finalmente, será posible proponer un modelo para acceder a la información de los antecedentes históricos de la escuela.

Determinación de la simbología más utilizada en expedientes odontológicos en Costa Rica en el año 2019 con fines de identificación de seres humanos / Determination of the most common symbology used in dental records in Costa Rica in 2019 for identification of human beings

Resumen Introducción: El objetivo de la investigación fue establecer cuál es la simbología utilizada por los profesionales en odontología para documentar los hallazgos odontológicos más comunes en sus expedientes; con la finalidad de incluirla en un formato único odontológico estandarizado con fines de identificación en Costa Rica. Materiales y métodos: Mediante un cuestionario se identificó y comparó la simbología utilizada por profesionales en odontología generales y especialistas para registrar los hallazgos odontológicos en sus expedientes. Se realizó una fase piloto con 8 cuestionarios y posterior a las correcciones se aplicó a una muestra de 49 odontólogos que incluyó a profesionales en odontología generales y de todas las especialidades. Las técnicas estadísticas utilizadas para el análisis de la información recolectada en las encuestas son las distribuciones de frecuencia, cruce de variables, comparación de medias con base en el análisis de variancia. El nivel mínimo de confianza para las comparaciones fue del 95%. El procesamiento estadístico de los datos se diseñó una base de datos creada en EPI-INFO 6.4, el procesamiento estadístico de los datos se realizó en SPSS versión 13.0 y en Excel. Resultados: De los 49 participantes, 56% fueron hombres y 44% mujeres. La edad varía entre 25 y 65 años; la edad promedio fue de 44,5 años (IC 95%: 41,7 - 47,3) y una edad mediana [1] de 43 años, la cual no tuvo diferencia estadísticamente significativa (p = 0,552) entre la edad promedio entre los hombres y mujeres. El 70% de los odontólogos usan expediente físico, mientras que sólo un 17% usan expediente digital, y el 13% usan ambos; en el expediente digital es en el que se presenta la mayoría de problemas con un 62,5 %, en comparación al físico que tiene una prevalencia de 36,4% donde el principal problema es que no se comprendió la letra en un 86,7%. Conclusiones: El examen clínico odontológico es de extrema utilidad para colaborar en el proceso de identificación de víctimas mortales, sin embargo, se logró identificar, que no todos los profesionales en odontología en Costa Rica realizan una adecuada documentación en sus expedientes clínicos. Se propone una simbología estandararizada para dicha documentación.

Abstract Introduction: The objective of the research was to establish what is the symbology used by dentistry professionals to document the most common dental findings in their records; with the purpose of including it in a single standardized dental format for identification purposes in Costa Rica. Materials and methods: Through a questionnaire the symbology used by general dentists and specialists was identified and compared to record the dental findings in their files. A pilot phase with 8 questionnaires was carried out and after the corrections, it was applied to a sample of 49 dentists that included general and all specialties dentists. The statistical techniques used for the analysis of the information collected in the surveys are frequency distributions, crossing of variables, comparison of means based on the analysis of variance. The minimum level of confidence for the comparisons was 95%. The statistical processing of the data was designed a database created in EPI-INFO 6.4, the statistical processing of the data was performed in SPSS version 13.0 and in Excel. Results: The sample was conformed by 49 participants, 56% were men and 44% women. The age varies between 25 and 65 years; the average age was 44.5 years (95% CI: 41.7 - 47.3) and a median age [1] of 43 years, which had no statistically significant difference (p = 0.552) between the average age between men and women. A 70% of dentists use physical records, while only 17% use digital records, and 13% use both; digital files present the majority of problems with 62.5%, compared to the written format who has a prevalence of 36.4% where the main problem is that the letter was not understood in an 86.7 %. Conclusions: Dental records are extremely useful to collaborate in the process of human identification in fatalities; however, it was possible to identify that not all dental professionals in Costa Rica make adequate documentation in their clinical records. A standardized symbology is proposed for such documentation.

Assessing the quality of root canal filling and instrumentation time using kedo-s files, reciprocating files and k-files / Avaliando a qualidade de obturação e tempo instrumentação usando limas kedo-s, limas reciprocantes e limas k manuais

Objective: Pulpectomy is the conservative treatment approach that retains and preserves the primary tooth in the dental arch in its normal function and non-pathologic state until its exfoliation. Over the years, pulpectomy has been performed using various instrumentation techniques. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of root filing and instrumentation time using Kedo-S files, Reciprocating files and K-files in primary teeth. Material And Methods: A randomized clinical trial was performed on 45 primary molars equally distributed for instrumentation with Kedo-S files, reciprocating files and K-Files. Immediate post-operative digital radiographs were taken to evaluate the quality of root filing and root canal instrumentation time was also recorded. Results: Mean instrumentation time with Kedo-S was 75.6 seconds, reciprocating file was 190.6 seconds and K-file was 95.4 seconds. Highest optimal fill was obtained with Kedo-S file group, highest overfill was obtained with Kedo-S group and highest under fill was obtained with reciprocating file group. Conclusion: Kedo-S rotary system provides better quality of root canal filling in minimum instrumentation time. (AU)

Objetivo: A pulpectomia é o tratamento conservador que retém e preserva o dente decíduo na arcada dentária em sua função normal e estado não patológico até sua esfoliação. Ao longo dos anos, a pulpectomia foi realizada usando várias técnicas de instrumentação. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a qualidade da obturação do canal radicular e do tempo de instrumentação usando limas Kedo-S, limas reciprocantes e limas K em dentes decíduos. Material e Métodos: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico randomizado em 45 molares decíduos distribuídos igualmente para instrumentação com limas Kedo-S, limas reciprocantes e limas K. Radiografias digitais pós-operatórias imediatas foram realizadas para avaliar a qualidade da obturação e também foi registrado o tempo de instrumentação do canal radicular. Resultados: O tempo médio de instrumentação com Kedo-S foi de 75,6 segundos, com limas reciprocantes foi de 190,6 segundos e com limas K foi de 95,4 segundos. O maior índice de obturação ideal foi obtido com o grupo de limas Kedo-S, o maior índice de sobreobturação foi obtido com o grupo Kedo-S e o maior índice de infraobturação foi obtido com o grupo de limas reciprocantes. Conclusão: O sistema rotatório Kedo-S fornece melhor qualidade de obturação do canal radicular em tempo mínimo de instrumentação.(AU)

Operadores analíticos da pesquisa com arquivos em michel foucault / Operadores analíticos de la investigación con archivos en michel foucault / Analytical research operators with archives on michel foucault

Resumo Estudar documentos não é algo comum à Psicologia, porém, é um caminho pertinente para operar a problematização de nosso presente, que diz respeito a uma área tradicionalmente trabalhada pelos historiadores. Contudo, a Psicologia Social e Institucional tem buscado se apropriar dessa metodologia e, assim, aberto um campo relevante de estudos até então negligenciado pelos pesquisadores em Psicologia. Como nossa pesquisa se insere em um campo de estudos ainda pouco explorado pela Psicologia, acreditamos ser pertinente apresentar apontamentos sobre os embates que operaram no campo da história, para que se formasse uma visão mais ampla e abrangente sobre a noção de documento, além da abertura às novas temáticas com forte destaque ao movimento dos Annales. A partir dessa contextualização, procuramos focalizar a inserção das pesquisas históricas efetivadas por Michel Foucault, e a constituição de uma trilha de precauções metodológicas, denominada arqueogenealogia.

Resumen Aunque el estudio de documentos no sea algo común a la Psicología, es una forma pertinente de operar la problematización de nuestro presente, que se refiere a un área tradicionalmente trabajada por historiadores. Sin embargo, la Psicología Social e Institucional ha tratado de apropiarse de esta metodología y, por lo tanto, abierto un campo de estudios relevante hasta ahora descuidado por los investigadores en Psicología. Como nuestra investigación es parte de un campo de estudios aún poco explorado por la Psicología, creemos que es pertinente presentar notas sobre los enfrentamientos que operaron en el campo de la historia, para que se formase una visión más amplia e integral sobre la noción de documento, además de la apertura a las nuevas temáticas, con un fuerte énfasis en el movimiento de los Annales. Desde este contexto, buscamos centrarnos en la inserción de las investigaciones históricas llevadas a cabo por Michel Foucault, y en la constitución de un rastro de precauciones metodológicas, llamado arqueogenealogía.

Abstract To study documents is not something common to psychology, however, it is an effective way to operate the questioning of our present, which relates to an area traditionally crafted by historians. However, Social and Institutional Psychology has sought to appropriate this methodology and thus open up a relevant field studies previously neglected by researchers in psychology. As our research is part of a field of study still little explored by psychology, we believe it is pertinent to present notes on the clashes that operated in the field of history, towards the formation of a broader and more comprehensive view of the notion of document, as well as opening the new themes with a strong emphasis on the movement of the Annales. From this context, we seek to focus on the integration of historical research carried out by Michel Foucault, and the establishment of a trail of methodological precautions, denominated archeogenealogy.

Maintaining electronic regulatory binder at clinical trials site improves efficiency

Regulatory binder is one of the essential documents that isrequired to be maintained by all clinical sites throughout the conduct of clinical trials and post completion of clinical trials. Managing regulatory binders for multiple studies has been challenging due to large volume of documents that needs to be maintained in a paper form especially when the site has 150-200 open studies. To utilize electronic regulatory binders to replace paper based regulatory binders for improve efficiency while maintaining regulatory compliance. Use of document management system effectively allows sites to store regulatory binders electronically.Electronic regulatory binders provide a new way of managing tons of documents in a simplified fashion that helps in redefining the process, tracking documents, reducing physical storage requirements, retention, preparation for monitoring visits, and in prompt audits.

Establishment and application of files of doctors' work ability / 中华全科医师杂志

The current status and major problems of doctors' working ability archives were investigated.The qualitative interview method was used to explore the establishment of doctors' working ability archives for secondary,tertiary hospitals and community health service centers,as well as for doctors of Chinese and Western medicine.The collection cycle of relevant data and measures to improve accuracy,application value and response were also explored.The aim of establishing the archives of doctors' working ability is to provide reference for evaluation of clinicians accurately,developing a rational incentive system,improving data support and upgrading hospital management level.

Application of the accelerator log file combined with the film to verify the accuracy of AAA and AXB algorithms in the heterogeneous medium / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective The accelerometer log files generated when the simulation plans were executed on the chest phantom,the modified log files including multi-leaf collimator (MLC) and Gap motion error were imported into the treatment planning system and then the dose was reconstructed by Analytical Anisotropic Algorithm (AAA) and Acuros XB (AXB) algorithms.The calculation accuracy of these two algorithms was analyzed according to the measured value of film.Methods The targets and organs at risk (OARs) of the mediastinum and peripheral lung cancer were contoured on the chest phantom,intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans were designed and then the dose was calculated with the AAA and AXB algorithms.The films were placed in the phantom to measure the dose when the simulation plans were executed through the accelerator.The log files were extracted by Varian Argus software and the MLC,Gap motion deviation information was imported into the treatment planning system.The dose was reconstructed by two algorithms.The differences of target dose (D2,D98,Dmax,Vprescrited) and OAR dose (lung:V5,V10,V20,Dmean;Heart:V30,Dmean;Spinal cord:Dmax) were statistically compared between two algorithms.The measured dose of film was compared with the isocenter doses of the two algorithms.3mm/3％ standard was adopted to analyze the gamma-pass rates.Pass rates of high-dose region (target region) and low-dose region (upper,lower,left and right directions outside the target region) were analyzed with different size matrices.Results The dose differences were detected in the simulation plans of mediastinum and peripheral lung cancer by using the AAA and AXB algorithms.The maximum dose differences of the two targets were D98(2.47％) and Vprescribed (4.21％) using the AAA and AXB algorithms.The maximum differences of the OARs were the left lung (D =3.58％、V10 =-2.76％),the right lung (V5=-1.96％,D mean =0.18％),the heart (D =1.15％,D =0.18％) and the spinal cord (Dmax =-3.34％,1.79％),respectively.Compared with the measured dose of filn,the average gammapass rate in the mediastinum and peripheral lung cancer by using two algorithms of different sizes of matrix were 94.07％± 1.32％ (AAA),93.81％± 1.43％ (AXB) and 93.73％± 1.31％ (AAA),94.39％± 1.32％ (AXB).In the low dose region of the two targets,the average gamma-pass rate by the AXB algorithm was higher than that by the AAA algorithm.Conclusions The AAA and AXB algorithms differ in the calculation of target areas for the mediastinum and peripheral lung cancer simulated on the chest phantom.The average gamma-pass rate of the AXB algorithm is better compared with that of the AAA algorithm referring to the measured dose of the film,which is closer to the measured value of the film in the cavity.

The top 10 most-cited articles on the management of fractured instruments: a bibliometric analysis

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this research was to identify the top 10 most-cited articles on the management of fractured or broken instruments and to perform a bibliometric analysis thereof. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Published articles related to fractured instruments were screened from online databases, such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and ScienceDirect, and highly cited papers, with at least 50 citations since publication, were identified. The most-cited articles were selected and analysed with regard to publication title, authorship, the journal of publication, year, institution, country of origin, article type, and number of citations. RESULTS: The top 10 most-cited articles were from various journals. Most were published in the Journal of Endodontics, followed by the International Endodontic Journal, and Dental Traumatology. The leading countries were Australia, Israel, Switzerland, the USA, and Germany, and the leading institution was the University of Melbourne. The majority of articles among the top 10 articles were clinical research studies (n = 8), followed by a basic research article and a non-systematic review article. CONCLUSIONS: This bibliometric analysis revealed interesting information about scientific progress in endodontics regarding fractured instruments. Overall, clinical research studies and basic research articles published in high-impact endodontic journals had the highest citation rates.

Practice and exploration of University of Science and Technology of China in improving efficiency during formality examination of the National Natural Science Fund Project / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To improve the efficiency and accuracy of formality examination of the National Natural Science Fund Project (hereinafter referred to as formality examination).Methods According to the practice,we find that Combine Files of Adobe Acrobat Pro software,which relies on the large data of internet-based Science information system (hereinafter referred to as the system) can quickly search and examine the various problems in the application.Results In previous years,we examined the PDF version or hard copy of the application form of NSFC according to the list of questions about formality examination.It is easy for the examiner to miss the examination due to fatigue after long time working which resulted in many amendments by the applicant.Relying on the above two technologies,we redesigned and constructed a three-level formality examination process,reduced the burdens of examiner,and also greatly improved the efficiency and accuracy of formality examination.Conclusions Finding and using the right tools can lead to amazing productivity gains in boring management.

Effect of aging on dentinal crack formation after treatment and retreatment procedures: a micro-ct study

Abstract In order to evaluate the volume of dentinal cracks taking into account the age of the dentin and the type of file system used for endodontic procedures, forty freshly extracted single-rooted lower incisive teeth presenting similar root volume, were divided into two groups according to the age of the patient: Group Young (18 - 30 years old) and Group Old (60 years old or more). Each specimen was scanned by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) in three stages: (i) before any treatment, (ii) after endodontic treatment with Reciproc files (REC), and (iii) after subsequent endodontic retreatment. Each group was subdivided into two subgroups, according to the retreatment technique used: retreatment with REC or with ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PUR) files. For each subgroup, the images were analyzed for differences in the volume of dentinal cracks in the middle and apical thirds of the teeth , according to the dentin age. In both stages (before and after instrumentation), the micro-CT images of the old root dentin presented with higher volume of cracks than those of the young root dentin, statistical significance notwithstanding (p>0.01). The use of REC files appeared to have no statistically significant differences in the generation of cracks in any type of root dentin when compared with PUR files (p>0.01). When retreated with PUR, the old root dentin presented with a significantly higher volume of cracks (p<0.01) when compared with the old root dentin initially.

Resumo Para avaliar o volume de fissuras dentinárias levando em consideração a idade da dentina e o tipo de sistema de limas utilizadas para procedimentos endodônticos, 40 dentes unirradiculares, incisivos inferiores, apresentando similar volume radicular, recentemente extraídos foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com a idade do paciente: Grupo Jovem (18 a 30 anos) e Grupo Idoso (60 anos ou mais). Cada espécime foi scaneada por microtomografia computadorizada (micro-CT) em três estágios: (i) antes de qualquer tratamento, (ii) após tratamento endodôntico com limas Reciproc (REC) e (iii) após subsequente retratamento endodôntico. Cada grupo foi subdividido em dois subgrupos, de acordo com a técnica de retratamento utilizada: retratamento com REC ou com lima ProTaper Universal Retreatment (PUR). As imagens foram analisadas quanto às diferenças no volume das fissuras dentinárias nos terços médio e apical dos dentes de acordo com a idade da dentina. Em ambos os estágios (antes e depois da instrumentação), as imagens de micro-CT da dentina radicular idosa apresentaram maior volume de trincas do que as jovens, sem significância estatística (p>0.01). O uso das limas REC mostram não ter diferença estatística significante na geração de fissuras, em qualquer tipo de dentina, quando comparadas às limas PUR (p>0.01). Quando retratada com PUR, a dentina radicular idosa apresentou um volume de trincas significativamente maior (p<0.01) quando comparado com a dentina radicular idosa inicialmente.

Bacterial Contamination Of Patients' Files In Intensive Care Units : Impact On Nosocomial Infections.

INTRODUCTION: Patient's files could be a potential source for the spread of nosocomial infections especially in critical areas. The aim of the present study was to determine the degree of contamination of the patient's files and also to analyze the spectrum of contaminant bacterial flora in the intensive care unit (ICU) and Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), the two most high-risk areas for nosocomial transmission of infection. METHODS: Surface swabs were collected from the exposed outer surface of the patients' files kept bedside in the ICU and NICU . Isolation & Identification was carried out using standard microbiological and biochemical laboratory techniques. RESULTS: In total, 76% (152/200) of patient's files were found to be contaminated with pathogenic and potentially pathogenic bacteria. CoNS was the most commonly isolated bacteria (37.5%, 57/152). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was isolated from 3 ICU patient's files. CONCLUSION: The majority of the patient's files in critical areas were contaminated and could be a source of nosocomial infection. To prevent this, health care workers should wash their hands and should perhaps be the most prudent approach to prevent patient-patient transmission of infection in high-risk areas

Evaluation of apically extruded debris using positive and negative pressure irrigation systems in association with different irrigants

Abstract This study evaluated the amount of apically extruded debris after chemo-mechanical preparation (CMP) using positive and negative pressure irrigation systems [Conventional irrigation (CI) and EndoVac (EV)] in association with different irrigants [6% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% Chlorhexidine gel + saline solution (CHXg + SS), 2% Chlorhexidine solution (CHXs) or Saline solution (SS)]. Eighty mandibular premolars with single root canals were selected and randomly assigned into 8 groups (n = 10) according to the irrigation system and the irrigant used during CMP: G1 (EV + NaOCl), G2 (EV + CHXg + SS), G3 (EV + CHXs), G4 (EV + SS), G5 (CI + NaOCl), G6 (CI + CHXg + SS), G7 (CI + CHXs) and G8 (CI + SS). Reciproc® R25 files (25/.08) were used during the CMP and the extruded debris from each tooth was collected in pre-weighted Eppendorf tubes and dried. The average weight of debris was assessed using a microbalance, and the data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and the post hoc Tukey's test (a = 0.05). All groups were associated with debris extrusion. EV was the irrigation system with less extruded debris (p < 0.05). No differences were observed regarding the irrigant when EV was used. When CI was used, CHXg + SS were associated with lower debris extrusion (p < 0.05). It was concluded that no irrigation protocol succeeded in preventing debris extrusion. EV resulted in lower levels of debris extrusion than CI. The use of CHXg + SS resulted in lower debris extrusion.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a quantidade de debris extruídos apicalmente após o preparo químico-mecânico (PQM) utilizando sistemas de irrigação com pressão positiva e negativa [irrigação convencional (IC) e EndoVac (EV)] em associação com diferentes irrigantes [hipoclorito de sódio 6% (NaOCl), clorexidina gel + solução salina (CLXg + SS), solução de clorexidina 2% (CLXs) ou solução salina (SS)]. Oitenta pré-molares inferiores com único canal radicular foram selecionados e aleatoriamente alocados em 8 grupos (n=10) de acordo com o sistema de irrigação e irrigante utilizado durante o PQM: G1 (EV + NaOCl), G2 (EV + CLXg + SS), G3 (EV + CLXs), G4 (EV + SS), G5 (IC + NaOCl), G6 (IC + CLXg + SS), G7 (IC + CLXs) e G8 (IC + SS). Limas Reciproc® R25 foram utilizadas durante o PQM e os debris extruídos de cada dente foi coletado em tubos pré-pesados e secos. O peso médio de debris foi avaliado por meio de microbalança, e os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando ANOVA e teste de Tukey (a = 0.05). Todos os grupos foram associados com extrusão de debris. EV foi o sistema de irrigação com menos debris extruídos (p<0.05). Não foram observadas diferenças entre os irrigantes quando o EV foi utilizado. Quando foi utilizada IC, CLXg + SS foram associados a menor extrusão de debris (p<0.05). Concluiu-se que nenhum protocolo de irrigação conseguiu prevenir extrusão de debris. EV resultou em menores níveis de extrusão de debris que a IC. A utilização da CLXg + SS resultou em menor extrusão de debris.

Comparative analysis of two electronic apex locators in working length determination using stainless steel and nickel titanium hand files in permanent teeth with simulated apical root resorption – An in vitro study

Background: Exact estimation of root canal length is imperative for the achievement of root canal treatment. Working length (WL) has been defined as „„the distance from a coronal reference point to the point at which canal preparation and obturation should terminate‟‟. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the accuracy of two generations of apex locators in teeth with simulated apical root resorption using stainless steel and nickel titanium hand files. Materials and methods: Eighty single-rooted, maxillary anterior teeth were selected. The extracted teeth were soaked in 5% sodium hypochlorite for 6 hours and then in sterile 0.9% saline until use. An oblique cut of 45 degree was made from facial to palatal wall. Access cavities were prepared and the Haneen Al Otheem, Swati Srivastava, Shahad Alogayyel, Maymonah Abdurhman Alghadouni. Comparative analysis of two electronic apex locators in working length determination using stainless steel and nickel titanium hand files in permanent teeth with simulated apical root resorption - An in vitro study. IAIM, 2018; 5(5): 45-50. Page 46 Visual Working Length (VWL) was measured. The samples were then embedded in alginate and the electronic measurements were recorded using stainless steel and nickel titanium hand files. Statistical analysis was done by Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey HSD test were used for statistical analysis. Results: There was no statistically significant difference seen with DentaPort ZX and i-Root along with the use of stainless steel and NiTi hand files. Conclusion: In the present study, DentaPort ZX and i-Root apex locators showed similar efficacy in determining working length with the use of both stainless steel and NiTi hand files under present study conditions

Molecular authentication of Pargo fillets Lutjanus purpureus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) by DNA barcoding reveals commercial fraud

The Caribbean Red Snapper (Pargo) Lutjanus purpureus is the most economically important snapper in Brazil, which is sold, among other forms, as frozen fillets. During the process of transformation into fillets there is the removal of the distinctive morphological traits, being able to favor the substitution by less valued species. In addition, there is no national legislation requiring the insertion of the specific name on the product label. However, according to a Normative Instruction (IN N ° 29/2015 MAPA) that correlates the common and specific names of the products destined to the national trade, in Brazil only L. purpureus and L. campechanus can be denominated "Pargo". Thus, the DNA barcode tool was used to identify the fillets sold in north of Brazil, labeled "Pargo", with the aid of sequences from the public and control databases. The results showed that among 142 fillets examined, 78% was identified as L. purpureus and 22% as Rhomboplites aurorubens, a snapper with low commercial value in the country, revealing commercial fraud. The molecular identification method successfully used in this study to authenticate fillets snappers may also be used by surveillance authorities in the quality control of processed fish products, towards ensuring consumer rights.(AU)

O Pargo Lutjanus purpureus, lutjanídeo mais importante economicamente no Brasil, é vendido, entre outras formas, como filés congelados. Durante a transformação em filés, há a remoção das características morfológicas distintivas, podendo favorecer a substituição por espécies menos valorizadas. Além disso, não há legislação nacional que exija a inserção do nome específico no rótulo. Porém, de acordo com uma Instrução Normativa (IN N° 29 /2015 MAPA) que correlaciona os nomes comuns e específicos dos produtos destinados ao comércio nacional, no Brasil somente L. purpureus e L. campechanus podem ser denominados "Pargo". Assim, a ferramenta DNA barcode foi usada para identificar os filés vendidos no norte do Brasil, rotulados como "Pargo", com o auxílio de sequências dos bancos de dados públicos e banco controle. Os resultados mostraram que entre os 142 filés examinados, 78% foi identificado como L. purpureus e 22% como Rhomboplites aurorubens, um lutjanídeo com baixo valor comercial no país, revelando fraude comercial. O método de identificação molecular, utilizado com êxito neste estudo para autenticar filés de lutjanídeos, pode também ser utilizado pelas autoridades de vigilância no controle de qualidade de produtos processados derivados de peixes em geral, para garantir os direitos dos consumidores.(AU)

Stress analysis of simulated maxillary first molar prepared with three rotary nickel-titanium instruments / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@# To compare the differences in the stress distribution in simulated first molars prepared with three rotary nickel-titanium instruments. @*Methods @#Four simulated first molars were prepared without instruments and with Reciproc, WaveOne and Protaper. Before and after preparation, each simulated molar was scanned by Micro-CT. The data were imported to Mimics 16.0 software to establish three-dimensional models. Finite element analysis was processed with Abaqus 6.14 software under conditions of longitudinal and lateral load. @*Results@# Under vertical load conditions, the maximum von Mises stress of the enamel increased by 1.36%, 21.48% and 20.99% in the Reciproc, WaveOne and Protaper groups, respectively, after preparation, while the maximum von Mises stress of the cementum increased by 55.98%, 41.18% and 33.04%, respectively, and the maximum von Mises stress of the alveolar bone increased by 45.55%, 40.37% and 24.09%, respectively. Under 45° lateral load conditions, the maximum von Mises stress of the enamel increased by 1.79%, -4.58% and 3.82% in the Reciproc, WaveOne and Protaper groups, respectively, after preparation, while the maximum von Mises stress of cementum increased by 16.33%, 7.58% and 4.32%, respectively, and the maximum von Mises stress of the alveolar bone increased by 46.82%, 36.40% and 8.29%, respectively. Under the same conditions, the von Mises stresses of the cementum and alveolar bones of the simulated molars were higher after preparation than before preparation, especially under lateral load conditions. The stress was focused on the border between the crown and the root. The von Mises stress of the cementum and alveolar bones increased much more in the Reciproc group than in the other two groups under both conditions.@*Conclusion@#The von Mises stress of simulated molars was greater after preparation than before preparation. The von Mises stress of the cementum and alveolar bones increased much more in the Reciproc group than in the other two groups.