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Based on WANG Xugao's “thirty methods of treating the liver”， it is believed that the occurrence and development of childhood tic disorders follow the dynamic progression from liver qi disease to liver fire disease and then liver wind disease. The basic pathogenesis of three stages are characterized by binding constraint of liver qi， liver fire hyperactivity， and internal stirring of liver wind. Moreover， liver-blood deficiency and stagnation， and malnutrition of liver yin as the main point in terms of the imbalance of liver qi， blood， yin， and yang should be considered， as well as the imbalance relationship of the five zang organs such as the involvement of other organs and the gradually reach of the other organs. Guided by the principles of “thirty methods of treating the liver”， the treatment of tic disorders in liver qi stage should focus on soothing the liver and rectifying qi， soothing the liver and unblocking the collaterals， using Xiaochaihu Decoction （小柴胡汤） and Sini Powder （四逆散）. The treatment of tic disorders in liver fire stage involves clearing， draining and resolving liver heat， using Longdan Xiegan Decoction （龙胆泻肝汤）， Xieqing Pill （泻青丸）， Danggui Longhui Pill （当归龙荟丸）， and Huagan Decoction （化肝煎）. The treatment of tic disorders in liver wind stage involves extinguishing wind and subduing yang， using Lingjiao Gouteng Decoction （羚角钩藤汤） and Liuwei Dihuang Pill （六味地黄丸）. Throughout the treatment process， attention should be paid to harmonizing the liver's qi， blood， yin， and yang， as well as addressing the pathology of other organs.
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Indolent systemic mastocytosis is a rare disease characterized by an increased number of mast cells in the bone marrow and other tissues, such as the liver, spleen, lymph nodes, and skin. Patients with indolent systemic mastocytosis and high serum tryptase levels are at risk for Hymenoptera venom-induced anaphylaxis. Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy in patients with specific IgE is safe and effective. While some patients can receive ultra-rush venom immunotherapy with minimal side effects, omalizumab effectively protects against anaphylaxis during the build-up phase.
A mastocitose sistêmica indolente é uma doença rara caracterizada por um número aumentado de mastócitos na medula óssea e em outros tecidos, como fígado, baço, linfonodos e pele. Pacientes com mastocitose sistêmica indolente e altos níveis séricos de triptase correm risco de anafilaxia induzida pelo veneno dos Hymenoptera. A imunoterapia com veneno de himenópteros em pacientes com IgE específica é segura e eficaz. Embora alguns pacientes possam receber imunoterapia com veneno ultrarrápido com efeitos colaterais mínimos, o omalizumabe protegeu efetivamente contra a anafilaxia durante a fase de acúmulo.
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Humanos , Feminino , AdultoRESUMO
Introduction: Fire is a chemical reaction of combustion, based on the strongly exothermic "oxidation-reduction" phenomena that produce a big detachment of light and heat.Its effects are, generally, harmful, producing personal injuries due to smoke, toxic gasses, and extremely hot temperatures; and damaged materials and buildings. Fire is produced when the three following factors simultaneously coexist in time and space: Fuel; a comburent agent, usually the oxygen in the air; and heat, which contributes the necessary energy to actuate the reaction. Besides, it is necessary, for the production of the flame, the existence of a chain reaction. Method: The Gustav-Purt Method, which aim is to calculate the potential risk in a determinate building and of the means to fight fires should be implemented. Results: After the calculation of the distinct factors, the conclusion that the risk of fire in a pharmacy is high is reached. Discussion: Therefore, strict inspection by sanitary authorities to avert the danger of the fire is necessary.
Introducción: El fuego es una reacción química de combustión, basado en los fenómenos de oxidación-reducción fuertemente exotérmica que se manifiesta por desprender gran cantidad de luz y calor. Sus efectos son generalmente perjudiciales, produciendo daños personales por el humo, gases tóxicos y temperaturas extremas, causando grandes daños a instalaciones y bienes. El fuego se produce cuándo existen simultáneamente en el tiempo y en un mismo lugar los tres factores siguientes: Combustible, Agente Comburente, normalmente el oxígeno del aire y Calor, que contribuye con la energía necesaria para activar la reacción. Además, es necesario, para la producción de la llama, la existencia de reacciones de cadena. Método: El método de Gustav Purt, tiene por objetivo calcular el riesgo potencial existente en un edificio determinado y qué medios de lucha contra incendios son necesarios implementar. Resultados: Tras el cálculo de los distintos factores, se llega a la conclusión que el riesgo de incendio en una farmacia es elevado. Discusión: Por consiguiente, es necesario la estricta inspección de las autoridades sanitarias de la Administración para evitar el peligro del fuego.
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Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension （nOH） is a common neurodegenerative disease， and is usually differentiated as kidney-yang depletion syndrome in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Fire needling on governor vessel （督脉） acupoints as well as Shenshu （BL 23） and Zhishi （BL 52） can dredge the qi and blood of governor vessel， so as to warm yang and unblock the channels， supplement essence and boost marrow. A case of elderly nOH treated by fire needling mainly at governor vessel points， Shenshu （BL 23） and Zhishi （BL 52） was reported. After nearly two months of treatment， the patient's orthostatic blood pressure difference and yang deficiency-related symptoms were significantly improved， and the results of blood pressure monitoring， TCM syndrome scale evaluation and Shenshu （BL 23） area infrared imager detection all showed definite clinical effect.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM） can be categorized into “xiao ke （消渴）” in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. The theory of “yin restricts fire” originates from Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》） which states that “yin essence restricts chief fire”， and the crucial pathogenesis and treatment of xiao ke coincide with this theory. ZHANG Zhongjing，s three prescriptions of Jizizhuang （egg yolk） are Baihe Jizizi Decoction （百合鸡子汤）， Huanglian Ejiao Decoction （黄连阿胶汤） and Painong Powder （排脓散）， which are scattered in different chapters of Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases （《伤寒杂病论》）. By analyzing and summarizing the mechanism and characteristics of the three prescriptions， it is found that the three prescriptions are in line with the characteristics of “yin restricts fire” and the pathogenesis of T2DM. These three prescriptions are composed of Jizizhuang and different medicinals. Baihe Jizizi Decoction is composed of Jizizhuang and Baihe （Bulbus Lilii）， and can be used to treat T2DM and mental diseases. Huanglian Ejiao Decoction is composed of Jizihuang， Ejiao （Colla Corii Asini）， Shaoyao （Radix Paeoniae Alba seu Rubra）， Huanglian （Rhizoma Coptidis） and Huangqin （Radix Scutellariae）， which could be used to treat T2DM and cardiorenal system diseases. Painong Powder is composed of Jizizhuang， Shaoyao， Jiegeng （Radix Platycodonis） and Zhishi （Fructus Aurantii Immaturus）， which can be used to treat T2DM and carbuncle. Therefore， based on the theory of “yin restricts fire” and “many different diseases can be treated in the same wa”， this paper propose that the three Jizihuang prescriptions could be used in T2DM， which could provide ideas for clinical treatment.
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Ferroptosis is a novel iron-dependent mode of programmed cell death characterized by iron deposition and accumulation of lipid peroxidation. More and more studies have found that ferroptosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. The yin-fire theory is an important part of LI Gao's spleen-stomach theory， and it is believed that qi-fire imblance and yin-fire internal generation is the main pathogenesis of T2DM. Abnormal iron metabolism may be an important prerequisite for T2DM yin-fire internal generation， while oxidative stress is the specific manifestation of T2DM qi-fire imbalance. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） is the end product of qi-fire imbalance， and lipid peroxide is the pathological products of T2DM yin-fire internal generation. This study intends to explore the pathological mechanism of qi-fire imbalance and yin-fire internal generation from the perspectives of iron metabolism， oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation， enriching the modern connotation of yin-fire theory， and benefiting traditional Chinese medicine to target against ferroptosis， and prevent and treat T2DM precisely.
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Bipolar disorder （BD） is considered to be mainly related to qi， phlegm， fire and deficiency. Binding constraint of liver qi is the initial cause， while phlegm and qi interact obstruction as well as phlegm and fire interact binding is the key pathogenesis of the transformation between depression and mania， and deficiency of both qi and yin is the main reason of the protracted course of disease. In clinical practice， BD is divided into binding constraint of liver qi pattern， phlegm and qi interact obstruction pattern， phlegm and fire interact binding pattern， and deficiency of both qi and yin pattern， which can be treated with Jinyu Shugan Powder （金玉疏肝散）， Kaiyu Wendan Decoction （开郁温胆汤）， Qingxin Huatan Decoction （清心化痰汤）， and Baihe Shengmai Beverage （百合生脉饮） in their modifications respectively； moreover， Guanye Jinsitao （Herba Hyperici Perforati） is usually used to rectify qi， relieve phlegm and clear heat. It is also suggested to put focus on the prevention and treatment of qi， phlegm and heat simultaneously， and modify the medicinals flexibly in accordance with the pathogenesis evolution and the abnormal exuberance.
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@#Ferroptosis is a novel iron-dependent mode of programmed cell death characterized by iron deposition and accumulation of lipid peroxidation. More and more studies have found that ferroptosis is closely related to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus （T2DM）. The yin-fire theory is an important part of LI Gao's spleen-stomach theory， and it is believed that qi-fire imblance and yin-fire internal generation is the main pathogenesis of T2DM. Abnormal iron metabolism may be an important prerequisite for T2DM yin-fire internal generation， while oxidative stress is the specific manifestation of T2DM qi-fire imbalance. Reactive oxygen species （ROS） is the end product of qi-fire imbalance， and lipid peroxide is the pathological products of T2DM yin-fire internal generation. This study intends to explore the pathological mechanism of qi-fire imbalance and yin-fire internal generation from the perspectives of iron metabolism， oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation， enriching the modern connotation of yin-fire theory， and benefiting traditional Chinese medicine to target against ferroptosis， and prevent and treat T2DM precisely.
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Based on ZHU Zhenheng's “six constraints” theory， it is proposed that the formation of pulmonary nodules is closely related to the six constraints， which are constraint of qi， blood， phlegm， fire， dampness and food. All six constraints might lead to pulmonary nodules， among which qi constraint is the dominant one. When qi constraint lasts for a long time， it will turn into fire constraint， resulting in the failure of spleen to transport， which may lead to phlegm constraint， dampness constraint and food constraint； when qi fails to move blood， blood constraint is formulated. Mutual generation of six constraints lead to the disease， and the pathogenesis is interrelated， jointly promoting the occurrence and development of pulmonary nodules. The treatment is mainly to unblock qi， usually using Yueju Pills （越鞠丸）， a classic formula commonly used for six constraints， as the basic formula. And according to the six constraints partiality， it is suggested to flexibly add the medicinals of soothing the liver and rectifying qi， clearing heat and dissipating masses， dissolving phlegm and dissipating masses， fortifying spleen and dissipating dampness， promoting digestion and removing accumulation， invigorating blood and dissolving stasis.
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ObjectiveTo explore the material basis of bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma clearing excessive fire of liver-gallbladder based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF/MS） metabolomics and molecular docking. MethodUPLC-Q-TOF/MS metabolomics was used to analyze the chemical constituents of Coptidis Rhizoma， water-processed Coptidis Rhizoma and bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma. Chromatographic separation was achieved with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（A）-acetonitrile（B） as the mobile phase in gradient elution（0-2 min， 5%B； 2-20 min， 5%-65%B； 20-40 min， 65%-10%B； 40-45 min， 10%B； 45-46 min， 10%-95%B； 46-49 min， 95%B）， and electrospray ionization（ESI） was applied and operated in positive and negative ion modes， the acquisition range was m/z 80-1 200. Based on this， partial least squares-discriminant analysis（PLS-DA） and variance analysis were used to screen the differential compounds among the three products of Coptidis Rhizoma. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used to verify the degree of association between differential compounds and excessive fire of liver-gallbladder syndrome. ResultA total of 33 chemical constituents were identified， including 2 phenolic acids， 5 binding bile acids and 26 alkaloids. And 16 differential compounds were identified by multivariate statistical analysis， including 11 alkaloids and 5 binding bile acids. Pathway enrichment analysis in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） database yielded 8 pathways related to excessive fire of liver-gallbladder， and the key protein phosphatidylinositol 4，5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha isoform（PIK3CA） was obtained according to the "component-target-pathway" network analysis. Molecular docking results showed that 11 alkaloids had good binding ability with PIK3CA. ConclusionPorcine bile is unique in the processing of bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma， which can promote the production and dissolution of 11 alkaloids， including berberine and dihydrochelerythrine. Based on the results of molecular docking and reported pharmacological experiments， it can be concluded that 16 different compounds such as berberine， dihydrochelerythrine and taurohyodeoxycholic acid are the material basis of bile-processed Coptidis Rhizoma.
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Menopausal syndromes are mostly based on kidney deficiency， which could be expalined that kidney governing essence storage and controlling innateness， so when the kidney water was deficient and the liver fail to nourish， then led to liver depression and transform into fire； deficiency of the kidney， loss of warmth of the spleen， and inability to transport and transform the water and dampness will easily lead to phlegm and fire； the decline of the kidney yin and loss of water and fire will easily cause the exuberance of heart fire. Therefore， clinical symptoms of hot flashes， insomnia， and palpitations are common due to phlegm， depressions， and fire. Based on this， at the beginning of the treatment， we should treat the symptoms firstly by resolving phlegm， relieving depression and clearing fire， and commonly use Huanglian Wendan Decoction （黄连温胆汤）， Yigan Powder （抑肝散）， Chaihu plus Longgu Muli Decoction （柴胡加龙骨牡蛎汤）， and Qingxin Zishen Decoction （清心滋肾饮）， etc. After improving the symptoms of hot flashes and sweating， irritability， dreaming and frightening， then we should give the prescriptions to tonify kidney yang and nourish kidney yin， in order to eliminate the pathogens and reinforce healthy qi， and to treat both the manifestations and the root cause， so that the symptoms of the patients can be better alleviated.
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During the carcinoma transformation of colitis， the imbalance of “metabolic-immune interaction” resulted from abnormal energy and metabolic substrates flow and direction was the key process， which caused by intercellular metabolic competition. Based on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） theory and clinical research， we found that “fire failing to warm earth” is the key pathogenesis of colon-cancer transformation. “Fire” was a synonym for TCM to understand the energy metabolism， combined modern medical research findings， we thought energy metabolism disorders was a microcosmic manifestation of the “fire decline”， while abnormal immune function was the biological basis of “earth deficiency”. The imbalance between “metabolism-immune interaction” and the “fire failing to warm earth” pathogenesis of colitis-cancer transformation demonstrated the different understanding of the same pathological mechanism between western medicine and TCM. For treatment， it could be effectivce to delay the transformation of colitis-cancer by synergistically regulated the energy metabolism - “replenish fire” and enhanced the immune function - “nourish earth”， which was called the methods of replenishing fire to nourish earth.
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Chemotherapy is currently the main clinical treatment method for malignant tumors， and chemotherapy resistance is the main factor leading to chemotherapy failure and malignant tumor recurrence and metastasis. The cha-racteristics of malignant tumors formation were regarded as similar to the “Yin Fire” theory， manifested that deficiency of original qi as the foundation of malignant tumors， imbalance of original qi and yin fire as the internal cause of malignant tumor progression， and the internal environment of phlegm-blood stasis-toxicity-deficiency caused by yin fire promoted the formation of chemoresistance. In the treatment of chemoresistance of malignant tumors， traditional Chinese medicine should focus on treating disease before its onset by tonifying the spleen and strengthening the middle， nou-rishing the original qi， and reinforcing healthy qi and anti-cancer； during the treatment， the clinicians should regulate the qi and detoxify to clear yin fire， and improve the internal environment. Summarily， the strategies were adjusting the balance of internal environment of original qi and yin fire， and conducting a comprehensive treatment during the whole process， to provide new ideas for the treatment of chemoresistance of malignant tumors with traditional Chinese medicine.
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Kaiy (medieval cautery) is an ancient method of heat therapy in traditional Persian medicine (TPM). Some of its important applications have been neglected during the medical revolution. Meanwhile, different treatment modalities that incorporate heat, including moxibustion, have progressed in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we reviewed the main TPM textbooks that were written specifically in the field of kaiy. We considered the traditional teachings in the context of contemporary information, gathered from the scientific literature about moxibustion and modern cauterization. Some surgical therapeutic indications of kaiy (e.g., debridement and coagulative procedures) have been advanced by the innovation of electro-cauterization. However, those therapeutic applications that were based on the TPM humoral theory for relieving body coldness or myofascial pains-which are similar to moxibustion usages-have not received the same attention. Apart from the broad similarities of kaiy and moxibustion as thermal therapies with similar indications, there is a striking correspondence between kaiy point mapping and acupoints. Therefore, further research on different kaiy aspects is recommended. Please cite this article as: Jaladat AM, Alizadeh Vaghasloo M, Atarzadeh F, Ayati MH, Kazemi AH, Akin E, Hashempur MH. Similarities and differences between kaiy in Persian medicine and moxibustion in Chinese medicine. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(4):354-360.
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Moxibustão/história , Terapia por Acupuntura , Medicina Tradicional Chinesa , Pontos de Acupuntura , Medicina TradicionalRESUMO
Primary lung cancer， as one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies and the top leading cause of cancer death worldwide， has seriously endangered human life. In China， due to regional differences， although the impact of lung cancer on different regions is different， it still has the highest mortality among malignant tumors. Western medicine often has certain limitations in the treatment of lung cancer. At present， the combination of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） or the direct application of TCM has become an inevitable trend in the treatment of lung cancer. TCM treatment is guided by the holistic view， which includes the view of integration of the five internal organs and the integration of the body and spirit. Therefore， the treatment of lung cancer in TCM emphasizes that although the disease is located in one organ， the whole body should be treated， which corresponds to the theory of the view of integration of the five internal organs. In addition to the lung in the treatment of lung cancer， the spleen and kidney should also be treated. The lung， spleen， and kidney correspond to metal， earth， and water， respectively on the five elements. According to the generation relationship of the five elements， since earth generates metal and metal generates water， earth is the mother of metal and water is the child of metal. Therefore， benefiting fire （kidney） can replenish earth. Tonifying the mother and son of the lung can treat lung diseases， reflecting mutual generation and transformation and ceaseless generation and transformation. Long-term consumption of Qi by lung cancer can affect mother-organ. In the context of disorder of child-organ affecting mother-organ， mother-organ should be tonified in the face of deficiency. The treatment principle of banking up earth to generate metal should be followed to reinforce healthy Qi and treat the root. Effulgent earth can promote the generation of metal and the syndrome of lung deficiency can be resolve. The lung and kidney deficiency is an important factor in the incidence of lung cancer. Yin deficiency for a long time can hinder the generation of water by metal， resulting in failure of water in moistening metal， so both mother organ and child organ should be tonified. The treatment principle of mutual generation between metal and water should be employed to moisten the kidney and lung， thereby facilitating the vigorous ventilation and descending of the lung. The spleen is the mother organ of the lung， and the kidney is the child organ of the lung. Long-term lung cancer causes the deficiency of the mother and child organs， so the treatment principle of replenishing fire to nourish earth should be adopted to benefit the kidney and tonify the spleen. Therefore， innate basis and acquired foundation are both filled， and the lung can be regulated properly. When the lung， spleen， and kidney are harmonized， the generation and transformation of Qi and blood are active， and the Yin and Yang of Qi and blood are balanced， so the self-rehabilitation ability of the body is ensured， and the treatment of lung cancer will achieve a good curative effect. According to the holistic view of TCM， the whole body should be regulated to treat lung cancer. The lung， spleen， and kidney are all treated in the treatment of lung cancer. With the lung， spleen， and kidney as the central axis， the treatment principles of banking up earth to generate metal， replenishing fire to nourish earth， and mutual generation between metal and water should be followed in the treatment of lung cancer， and a good therapeutic effect can be achieved.
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Endothelial cells in the inner wall of blood vessels respond to physical and chemical signals of the body by regulating vascular homeostasis， vascular tension， cell adhesion， cell proliferation， coagulation resistance and inflammatory factors， to maintain the stability of blood vessels. Angiogenesis is the key condition for tumor evolution， and the pathological mode of tumor angiogenesis provides nutrients and oxygen for tumor growth and promotes its proliferation. In recent years， endothelial cells have participated in tumor vascular infiltration and driven angiogenesis， which is considered to be the point link in tumor metastasis. By regulating metabolic remodeling， vascular endothelial cells provide the materials and energy needed in the process of tumor angiogenesis， and their abnormal metabolic characteristics facilitate their adaption to the changes of tumor microenvironment， which is often regarded as an important basis for tumor angiogenesis. The ''Yin fire'' theory in traditional Chinese medicine， originating from Huangdi's Internal Classic （Huang Di Nei Jing）， originally meant Yin deficiency generates internal heat， and belonged to the category of fire of internal injury. After the deduction and changes by physicians over the ages， the pathogenesis of ''spleen and stomach Qi deficiency-Yin fire rising-Qi and fire disharmony'' was gradually formed. The pathogenesis of metabolic remodeling of endothelial cells manifests the pathological characterization of Yin fire in an objective way， which is consistent with the disease state of uncontrolled and hyperactive tumor neovascularization. Changes in spleen and stomach Qi deficiency as well as imbalance of Qi movement lead to the failure of water and food in distribution， and thus metabolic disorders occur. Long term retention turns in phlegm and blood stasis， which combat with blood vessels， and result in abnormal local environment （formation of tumor microenvironment）， adverse pulse channel （imbalance of endothelial cell metabolism）， and tumor neovascularization. Under the guidance of ''Yin fire'' syndrome elements and by focusing on the correlation between Qi and fire， prescriptions are made based on the treatment method of ''strengthening the body and regulating Qi'' to regulate the metabolic function of endothelial cells， thus achieving a relatively balanced state of the body and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. As a result， this study， centering on the metabolic remodeling of endothelial cells and ''Yin fire'' theory， elucidated the academic ideas， with the purpose of providing some theoretical support for the intervention of tumor vascularization by Chinese medicine.
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@#Radiation protection is an important requirement in the design of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. The design of all main process plants should consider the impact of radiation on staff and environment, while radiation protection is not required in the design of general industrial and civil buildings. This difference puts forward higher requirements for the architectural design of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant. From the perspective of architectural design, this paper analyzed the differences between spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant and ordinary plant, as well as the compatibility of radiation protection requirements and current architectural design specifications. We proposed corresponding countermeasures based on our engineering experience, and summarized important design principles related to radiation protection requirements, which can be used as a reference by architectural designers in designing spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plants.
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Subacute thyroiditis， a common inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland， needs drug therapies due to fever， pain and other symptoms. Glucocorticoids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） are mainly used to treat this disease， while they may lead to severe side effects and high recurrence. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） demonstrates definite efficacy in alleviating the symptoms and shortening the disease course. The theory of excessive Qi causing fire holds that the excessive Qi of six excesses， seven emotions， or Yang hyperactivity in the Zangfu organs turns into fire and heat， resulting in pathological changes. According to this theory， this paper proposes the research on the pathogenesis and therapies of subacute thyroiditis can be started from the perspectives of Qi and fire. The disordered daily life causes internal injury of body and mind， predominant Yang Qi， or deficiency fire flaming upward， which leads to the invasion of six excesses and pathogenic toxins. Both the internal and external disorders induce the stagnation and the abnormal ascending and descending of Qi. The excessive Qi generates fire， the accumulation of which causes phlegm and stasis in front of the neck， eventually leading to the occurrence of subacute thyroiditis. The clinical and pathogenic characteristics of subacute thyroiditis indicate that the occurrence of this disease is associated with Qi and fire. Therefore， the treatment should focus on purging fire and detoxifying， regulating Qi movement， activating blood， resolving phlegm， and dissipating mass. Shengjiangsan has the effect of clearing heat and toxin， resolving phlegm， dredging collaterals， and dissipating mass， demonstrating definite therapeutic effect on subacute thyroiditis. This paper expounds the mechanism of Shengjiangsan in treating subacute thyroiditis from purging fire and regulating Qi. Furthermore， we preliminarily elaborate on the anti-viral， immunomodulatory， anti-inflammatory， and pain-relieving effects of Shengjiangsan from modern medicine. This paper provides new ideas for the syndrome differentiation and treatment of subacute thyroiditis from the perspectives of Qi and fire and basic ethical support for the clinical and basic research on the treatment of subacute thyroiditis by Shengjiangsan.
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OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy between the combined therapy of fire needling and cupping, and western medication on herpes zoster of acute stage, as well as the effects on Th17 and Treg cells and inflammatory factors, i.e. IL-10 and IL-17 in the peripheral blood.@*METHODS@#Eighty patients with herpes zoster of acute stage were randomly divided into a combined therapy (fire needling plus cupping) group and a western medication group, 40 cases in each one. In the combined therapy group, the pricking and scattering techniques with fire needle were used at ashi points and Jiaji (EX-B 2) corresponding to the affected spinal segments; afterwards, cupping therapy was delivered. The combined treatment was given once daily. In the western medication group, valaciclovir hydrochloride tablet and vitamin B1 tablet were administered orally. The duration of treatment in each group was 10 days. Before each treatment from day 1 to day 10 and on day 11 , the score of symptoms and physical signs was observed in the two groups separately. Before each treatment from day 1 to day 10 and on day 11, 30, 60, the score of visual analogue scale (VAS) and skin lesion indexes were observed in the two groups. On day 60, the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia was recorded in the two groups. The levels of Th17 and Treg cells, Th17/Treg ratio in the peripheral blood, as well as serum levels of IL-10 and IL-17 were detected before and after treatment in the two groups. The clinical efficacy was compared between the two groups.@*RESULTS@#From day 6 to day 10 during treatment and on day 11, the scores of symptoms and physical signs in the combined therapy group were lower than those of the western medication group (P<0.05, P<0.01). On day 3, day 6 to day 10 during treatment and day 11, day 30, VAS scores in the combined therapy group were lower than those of the western medication group (P<0.05, P<0.01). On day 60, the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia in the combined therapy group was lower compared with that in the western medication group (P<0.05). The blister arresting time and scabbing time in the combined therapy group were shorter than those of the western medication group (P<0.05). After treatment, the level of Th17, and Th17/Treg ratio in the peripheral blood, as well as the serum levels of IL-10 and IL-17 were all lower in comparison with those in the western medication group (P<0.05). The curative and remarkably effective rate was 82.5% (33/40) in the combined therapy group, higher than 62.5% (25/40) in the western medication group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The early application of fire needling combined with cupping therapy can effectively treat herpes zoster of acute stage, relieve pain, and reduce the incidence of postherpetic neuralgia, which may be related to reducing the levels of Th17 and Treg cells, and Th17/Treg ratio in the peripheral blood, as well as the serum levels of IL-10 and IL-17 so that the cellular immune balance is modulated.
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Humanos , Neuralgia Pós-Herpética , Terapia por Acupuntura/métodos , Interleucina-10 , Interleucina-17 , Linfócitos T Reguladores , Ventosaterapia , Células Th17 , Herpes Zoster/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , ComprimidosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical efficacy of the combined application of blistering cupping with thunder-fire moxibustion in treating bronchial asthma of cold-wheezing syndrome, and its influences on airway remodeling, inflammatory factors, lung function, and quality of life on the base of conventional western medicine treatment.@*METHODS@#A total of 76 patients with bronchial asthma of cold-wheezing syndrome were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 38 cases in each group. In the control group, the basic treatment was used, i.e. budesonide formoterol powder inhalation. In the observation group, on the basis of the treatment as the control group, blistering cupping combined with thunder-fire moxibustion was supplemented, Dazhui (GV 14), Danzhong (CV 17) and bilateral Feishu (BL 13), Gaohuang (BL 43), and Zhongfu (LU 1) were selected; blistering cupping was administered once a day and thunder-fire moxibustion was given twice a day. One course of treatment was composed of 7 days in both groups, and 2 courses of treatment were required. Before and after treatment, the airway remodeling indexes (matrix metalloproteinase-9 [MMP-9], tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 [TIMP-1], and transforming growth factor-β1 [TGF-β1]) and inflammatory indexes (interleukin [IL] -1β、IL-25) were detected by using radioimmunoassay in the patients of the two groups. The lung function, traditional Chinese medicine symptom score, and asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) score were observed in the patients of the two groups.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the serum levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, TGF-β1, IL-1β, IL-25, peak expiratory flow (PEFR), traditional Chinese medicine symptom scores, and AQLQ scores were decreased compared with those before treatment in the patients of the two groups (P<0.05), and the results in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEF) were increased compared with those before treatment in the two groups (P<0.05), and the results in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#On the basis of the conventional western medicine treatment, the combination of blistering cupping with thunder-fire moxibustion can effectively ameliorate the clinical symptoms of patients, reduce inflammatory levels, inhibit airway remodeling and improve the lung function and quality of life in the patients with bronchial asthma.