Effectiveness of ginger aromatherapy towards nausea and vomiting on first trimester pregnant women at BPM (private practice midwives) Ni Wayan Suri in Denpasar City

Background: Nausea and vomiting in pregnancy are called morning sickness, which is experienced by around 70-80% of pregnant women, is a phenomenon that often occurs at 5-12weeks of gestation. Since long time ago, ginger has been known as a plant with a million of medicinal properties. Non-pharmacological intervention measures by giving ginger aromatherapy is part of the comfort intervention which aimed to provide physical comfort to pregnant women.Methods: The design of this study was pre-experimental (Quasi experiment design) with one group pretest-posttest design on the group that was given ginger aromatherapy. The population in this study was pregnant women who made antenatal visits at Private Practice Midwives (hereafter BPM) Ni Wayan Suri in Denpasar City in 2018 with purposive sampling technique. The samples in this study were first trimester pregnant women who experienced nausea and vomiting in BPM Ni Wayan Suri in Denpasar City and met the inclusion criteria. The number of samples in this study was 30 people. Data were analyzed through t-test to compare the results of the pretest and posttest.Results: The average nausea and vomiting of pregnant women in the first trimester before receiving ginger aroma therapy was 8.1. The average nausea and vomiting of pregnant women in the first trimester upon receiving the aroma of ginger therapy was 6 with a p value of 0.00 which means that there was an effect of ginger aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting of pregnant women in first trimester in Private Practice Midwives  BPM Ni Wayan Suri in Denpasar City.Conclusions: There is an effect of ginger aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting of pregnant women in first trimester in Private Practice Midwives BPM Ni Wayan Suri in Denpasar City.

A propensity score-matched study on the association between first trimester pregnancy infection and congenital malformation in the cardiovascular system / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the relationship between first trimester pregnancy infection and congenital malformation in the cardiovascular system.Methods A hospital-based study was conducted from June 2014 to June 2016.Totally 1618 mothers of infants with cardiovascular system malformation and normal infants were interviewed through a face-to-face questionnaire survey.A propensity score-matched study was conducted to investigate the association between first trimester pregnancy infection and congenital malformation in the cardiovascular system.Results All important covariates were balanced after matching.First trimester pregnancy infection increased the risk of congenital malformation in the cardiovascular system,single congenital malformation in the cardiovascular system and multi-congenital malformation in the cardiovascular system.After matched,the OR values were 1.65 (95％ CI:1.21-2.24;P=0.001),1.50 (95％ CI:1.02 2.20;P=0.037),and 1.90 (95％ CI:1.18-3.06;P=0.008),respectively.Conclusion First trimester pregnancy infection increases the risk of congenital malformation in the cardiovascular system.Avoiding infectious diseases during the first trimester in pregnancy is important in decreasing the incidence of congenital malformation in the cardiovascular system.

An effective analysis of screening strategies for thyroid disorders during early pregnancy / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To use the first trimester-specific reference intervals of thyroid-related hormones to explore the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction during early pregnancy and to analyze effectiveness of different screening strategies. Methods In this study 2 899 pregnant women were enrolled during the first trimester of gestation. TSH, FT4, FT3, and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) were measured and thyroid disorders of pregnant women were diagnosed based on the first trimester-specific reference intervals. Results The prevalence of hypothyroidism was significantly higher in the high-risk group than in the non-high risk group ( 16.3% vs 5.3%,RR = 3.1,95% CI 2.4-4.0, P＜0.01 ). TPOAb ( RR = 4.7, 95 % CI 3.6-6.0, P＜0.01 ), and personal history of thyroid diseases ( RR=3.2, 95% CI 1.9-5.4, P＜0.01 ) increased the risk of hypothyroidism. The prevalence of hyperthyroidism was higher in the high-risk group (3.1% vs 1.4%, P = 0. 006, RR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2-3.9, P=0.006). TPOAb (RR=2.6, 95%CI 1.3-5.0, P=0.007), and presence of personal history of thyroid diseases( RR=4.7, 95% CI 1.7-12.5, P=0.006) also increased the risk of hyperthyroidism. 56.7% women with hypothyroidism and 64. 7% women with hyperthyroidism were in the non-high risk group. Conclusion We recommend that screening all pregnant women for thyroid disorders in the first trimester with TSH, FT4, and TPOAb is more effective than the case-finding approach.

Serum markers in the diagnosis of tubal pregnancy: [review]

The introduction of highly sensitive methods, such as transvaginal sonography and measurement of serum b-human chorionic gonadotropin, has dramatically improved ectopic pregnancy diagnosis in recent years. Early diagnosis is the key to successful and conservative management of women with ectopic pregnancy; however, approximately 50 percent of such women are initially misdiagnosed, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. In order to improve diagnosis, several serum markers are being investigated including progesterone, CA 125, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, vascular endothelial growth factor, and maternal creatine kinase. Measurement of serum vascular endothelial growth factor, alone or together with other markers, could be a promising method for earlier and more accurate differential diagnosis. However, the clinical applicability of these findings remains to be evaluated in larger prospective studies.

Clinical analysis of chorionic villus sampling / 대한주산의학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were 1) to evaluate the indications of chorionic villus sampling CVS) and the positive predictive value for fetal chromosomal abnormalities, 2) to evaluate the reliability of CVS at Asan Medical Center, 3) to find out the risk factors of procedure-related fetal loss, 4) to find out the risk factors of culture failure, and 5) to compare transabdominal with transvaginal approaches. METHODS: Medical records of the 429 out of 461 patients in whom the CVS for prenatal cytogenetic diagnosis were performed were reviewed retrospectively for the period of June 1998 to June 2006. RESULTS: (1) The most common indications of CVS were abnormal ultrasonic findings including increased nuchal translucency (153/429, 35.7%), a previous history of cytogenetically abnormal baby (125/429, 29.1%), old maternal age (100/429, 23.3%), family history of genetic disease (22/429, 5.1 %), and parental abnormal karyotype (11/429, 2.6%). (2) The positive predictive value of abnormal karyotyping according to the indication of CVS was highest in the cases showing abnormal USG findings, including increased fetal nuchal translucency (28.3%). (3) The trial success rate of CVS was 99.5%(427/429). Culture failure rate was 1.9%.(4) Of the 427 cases, normal karyotype was revealed in 349 cases (81.7%), abnormal karyotype in 66 cases (15.2%), maternal cell contamination in 6 cases (1.4%), and pseudomosaicism and confined placental mosaicism (CPM) in 6 cases (1.4%). (5) Procedure-related fetal loss rate was 1.6% (7/419). (6) The significant risk factor of fetal loss was presence of preprocedure vaginal bleeding. (7) The significant risk factor of culture failure was a small amount (less than 10 mg) of tissue. (8) The gestational age at procedure was significantly different between transabdominal and transvaginal methods. In the transabdominal approach group, the incidence of fundal location of placenta was significantly more common. CONCLUSION: If CVS is performed by an expert operator and at a good quality of genetic laboratory, CVS is a very safe and reliable procedure for prenatal genetic diagnosis.

Study on Safety and Feasibility of Termination of Early Pregnancy with Cicatrix Uterus by Combined Use of Mifepristone and Misoprostol / 华中科技大学学报(医学版)

To study the safety and feasibility of Mifepristone combined with Misoprostol terminating early pregnancy after cesarean section, mifepristone combined with misoprostol was used to terminate early pregnancy in 188 women requesting medical abortion. Among them, 27 cases were uterine cicatrix. The results showed that the complete abortion rate in 188 cases was 91.48 % after administration, that in 27 cases of unterine cicatrix was 100 % and that in 161 cases of no uterine cicatrix was 90. 06 % (P＞0. 05). There were no differences in the duration of vaginal bleeding and time from the Misoprostol intake to the expulsion of gestational sac and chorionic villi between the two groups (P＞0. 05). It was suggested that combined administration of Mifepristone and Misoprostol to terminate early pregancy is safe and effective after cesarean section.