Prevalência e fatores associados ao consumo excessivo episódico de álcool entre adultos jovens brasileiros de 18 a 24 anos / Prevalence and factors associated with binge drinking among Brazilian young adults, 18 to 24 years old

RESUMO: Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e fatores associados ao consumo excessivo episódico de álcool (CEEA) entre jovens brasileiros. Métodos: Neste estudo transversal, utilizaram-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2013. A amostra foi de 7.823 jovens com idade entre 18 e 24 anos. O desfecho foi o CEEA de quatro ou mais doses em uma ocasião para mulheres e de cinco doses ou mais para homens. Foram analisadas variáveis explicativas sociodemográficas, de saúde e comportamentais. Utilizou-se regressão logística binária, com estimação do odds ratio (OR) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: A prevalência de CEEA entre jovens brasileiros foi de 17%, com diferenças regionais. Foram associados a uma maior chance de CEEA: ter entre 21 e 24 anos (OR = 1,35; IC95% 1,08 - 1,70); exercer atividades remuneradas (OR = 1,27; IC95% 1,01 - 1,61); relatar cansaço (OR = 1,53; IC95% 1,19 - 1,97) e fumar atualmente (OR = 4,10; IC95% 2,95 - 5,70). Ser do sexo feminino (OR = 0,43; IC95% 0,34 - 0,54) e participar de atividades religiosas (OR = 0,67; IC95% 0,53 - 0,84) associaram-se a menor chance de CEEA. Conclusão: Torna-se importante um estudo nacional que avalie o perfil dos jovens brasileiros que apresentam CEEA para favorecer a implantação de políticas públicas de prevenção voltadas para essa população específica.

ABSTRACT: Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with binge drinking (BD) among young Brazilians. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the 2013 National Health Survey. The sample consisted of 7,823 young people aged between 18 and 24 years. The outcome was BD: four or more doses on one occasion for women and five doses or more for men. Sociodemographic, health and behavioral explanatory variables were considered. Binary Logistic Regression was used, with estimation of odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: The prevalence of BD among young Brazilians was 17%, with regional differences. The associated factors with a higher chance of BD were: 21 and 24 years old (OR = 1.35; 95%CI 1.08 - 1.70); employed (OR = 1.27; 95%CI 1.01 - 1.61); report tiredness (OR = 1.53; 95%CI 1.19 - 1.97) and currently smoking (OR = 4.10; 95%CI 2.95 - 5.70). Women (OR = 0.43; 95%CI 0.34 - 0.54) and participating in religious activities (OR = 0.67; 95%CI 0.53 - 0.84) were associated with a lower chance of BD. Conclusions: A national study evaluating the profile of young Brazilians who present episodes of binge drinking is important to favor the implementation of public prevention policies aimed at this specific population.

Clinical analysis of 49 cases with invasive fungal infections in pediatric intensive care unit / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of invasive fungal infections(IFI) in PICU and analyze the risk factors for diagnosis and treatment earlier.Methods The clinical data of patients with IFI hospitalized in PICU from January 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively studied.Results There were 179 cases of patients with positive fungal cultures,of which 49 cases were IFI.There were 23 males and 26 females,the mean age was (3.87 ± 2.42) years.A total of 47 cases had underlying diseases.In positive specimen,there were 36 cases of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or sputum cultures,14 cases of blood cultures,7 cases of urinary cultures,3 cases of thoracic/ascites cultures,2 cases of bone marrow cultures,and 1 case of cerebrospinal fluid culture.There were 12 cases who had at least two sites infection at the same time.A total of 53 strains of fungal pathogens were cultivated,among which 45 cases were candida,5 cases were aspergillus,and 3 cases were penicillium marneffei,and 4 cases had two fungal infections.The presence of underlying diseases,blood transfusions,use of antibiotics/glucocorticoids/immunosuppressors,invasive procedures,and long hospital stays were risk factors (all P ＜ 0.05).Drug susceptibility analysis showed that all strains were sensitive to antifungal drugs of amphotericin B/liposomes,azoles and echinocandins,except 1 case of Candida utilis,1 case of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and 1 case of Candida lusitaniae.There were 26 patients only treated with one antifungal drug and 23 had combined drugs.All patients had fever.Eleven patients developed multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and 6 died.Conclusion There are no specific clinical manifestations for children with IFI and with critical condition and high mortality.Candida is the most common fungal infection.The lung is the most common part of infection.The children of IFI with risk factors such as underlying diseases,blood transfusions,use of antibiotics/glucocorticoids/immunosuppressors,invasive procedures and long hospital stays,should be identified in combination with laboratory examination and use antifungal drugs rationally as early as possible.