Effects of red light flashing therapeutic instrument combined with distance visual training through reading red visual acuity chart on myopic amblyopia in children / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To explore the effects of red light flashing therapeutic instrument combined with distance visual training through reading red visual acuity chart on myopic amblyopia in children.<p>METHODS: Totally 112 cases of children patients with myopic amblyopia treated in our hospital were assigned to the control group and the observation group. The control group was given short covering method and short-range visual function training, and the observation group was given red light flashing therapeutic instrument combined with distance visual training through reading red visual acuity chart on the basis of the above treatment. The clinical efficacy, refractive dynamic changes, the BCVA and amblyopia recurrence rate were compared between the two groups. <p>RESULTS: The total clinical effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). Before and after treatment, the myopic diopter was no significant difference in the observation group(<i>P</i>>0.05), the control group gradually increased myopic diopter with time(<i>P</i><0.05). The myopic refraction, the change value of average annual refraction and the recurrence rate of amblyopia after 1y of treatment in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(<i>P</i><0.05). The BCVA after 1y of treatment was significantly higher than that after 6mo of treatment(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Red light flashing therapeutic instrument combined with distance visual training through reading red visual acuity chart for children patients with myopic amblyopia can effectively reduce the change value of average annual refraction, correct the best visual acuity, and reduce the risk of amblyopia recurrence.

Efeitos do herbicida glifosato e da aplicação foliar de micronutrientes em soja transgênica / Effects of glyphosate and foliar application of micronutrients in transgenic soybean

A característica quelante do glifosato pode ocasionar a imobilização de nutrientes como Fe e Mn em soja transgênica resistente a este herbicida. No entanto, a intensidade deste efeito e o resultado de formas de mitigação deste processo são pouco conhecidos. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os efeitos do herbicida glifosato em interação com a fertilização foliar em cultivares de soja transgênica que apresentam a ocorrência de sintomatologia de amarelecimento relacionada à fitointoxicação deste herbicida. O primeiro experimento foi utilizado para a identificação de cultivares que mais apresentavam o sintoma de amarelecimento como consequência da aplicação do herbicida glifosato. O segundo experimento foi realizado a campo, onde os tratamentos constaram das cultivares CD 206RR e Fundacep 59RR, do herbicida glifosato aplicado nas doses de 0, 900 e 1440 g ha-1 e. a., e da presença ou ausência de adubação foliar na dose de 1,5 L ha-1. O efeito do herbicida glifosato e da utilização de adubo foliar não alterou o teor dos micronutrientes Fe e Mn e os parâmetros de fluorescência da clorofila nas cultivares de soja CD 206RR e Fundacep 59RR. O herbicida ghifosate diminui o rendimento de grãos da cultivar Fundacep 59 RR. A fertilização foliar não foi eficiente como forma de aumentar o rendimento de grãos de soja.

The chelant characteristic of glyphosate may result in the immobilization of micronutrients such as Fe and Mn in transgenic soybean resistant to this herbicide. However, the intensity of this effect and the results of mitigation practices are not fully understood. The objective of the study was to identify the effects of the herbicide glyphosate in interaction with the foliar application of micronutrients in two cultivars of transgenic soybean that demonstrated the occurrence of injury of this herbicide named yellow flashig. A preliminary experiment identified the larger intensity of yellow flashing in the cultivars CD 206RR and Fundacep 59 RR among seven cultivars evaluated. A field experiment was carried out where the treatments were the soybean cultivars described above, glyphosate at rates of 0,900 and 1440 g ha-1 e.a. and the presence or absence of the foliar fertilization of micronutrients at 1,5 L ha-1. The herbicide glyphosate and the foliar application of micronutrients did not change the concentration of Fe and Mn and the chlorophyll fluorescence in the cultivars CD 206RR e Fundacep 59RR. The herbicide glyphosate decrease the grain yield of the cultivar Fundacep 59RR and did not affect the cultvar CD 206RR. The foliar fertilization of micronutrients did not increase the soybean grain yield in the evaluated cultivars.

Risk Factors for Retinal Breaks in Patients with Symptom of Floaters

PURPOSE: To identify the risk factors of retinal breaks in patients with symptoms of floaters and to determine the associations between those risk factors and retinal breaks. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of patients who visited with the symptom of vitreous floaters between July 2012 and October 2012 was performed. Patient information, such as age, sex, symptoms (e.g., multiple floaters and flashing), duration of symptoms, refractive error, and complete eye examination were recorded. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the control group had symptoms of floaters with no retinal breaks and the retinal breaks group had symptoms of floaters with retinal breaks. The chi-square test and univariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: A total of 1744 eyes were examined in this study, including 1706 eyes in the control group and 38 eyes in the retinal breaks group. Univariate analysis revealed that patients with high myopia and multiple floaters showed increased risk of retinal breaks by 3.4 and 4.4 times, respectively, when compared to patients with a single floater alone. Lattice degeneration and vitreous or retinal hemorrhage increased the risk of retinal breaks by 10.8 and 37.5 times when compared to eyes that did not have lattice degeneration or vitreous or retinal hemorrhage. During the follow-up period after laser photocoagulation, a new retinal tear was found in 2 patients (2/38, 5.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Vitreous or retinal hemorrhage, lattice degeneration, multiple floaters, and high myopia are risk factors of retinal breaks in patients with the symptom of floaters. Therefore, it is important for ophthalmologists to be aware of these risk factors and the patients at risk should be encouraged to attend follow-up examinations.

Epidemiologic Survey of Menopausal and Vasomotor Symptoms in Korean Women / 대한폐경학회지

OBJECTIVES: Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are one of the most annoying symptoms experienced by postmenopausal women. Generally, 75% of women over 50 years of age experience VMS. This study is an epidemiologic survey of menopausal symptoms and VMS in Korean menopausal women. METHODS: Survey participants were recruited from Korean provinces based on the Korean population study conducted in 2010 and using multi-level stratification by age and geographic location, and random sampling. Healthy perimenopausal and menopausal Korean women aged between 40 to 60 years and who participated in the interview survey were included in the study. The Korean version of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and the Korean version of Women's Health Questionnaire (WHQ) was used to investigate the prevalence of menopausal related symptoms and to assess quality of life. RESULTS: Among the 1,500 women, 66% were classified as perimenopause, 28% as menopause, and 7% had undergone hysterectomy. Typically, 41.6% of women in perimenopause reported having experienced VMS in recent six months. About 53.1% of women in early menopause and 36.5% of women in late menopause had experienced VMS in the past six months. Whereas, 30.6% of women with hot flashes, and 27.9% of women with sweating stated that these symptoms were not related to menopause. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of VMS in Korean women seems to be less than women of Western countries. Overall subjective experience of menopause was perceived as increasingly positive with age. Awareness of menopausal symptoms appeared lower than expected. Perimenopausal and menopausal women in Korea rarely sought medical care.