The effect of renal sympathetic denervation on the activity of renalase in dogs with chronic heart failure / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) on the activity of renalase in dogs with chronic heart failure (CHF).Methods After induced by abdominal aorta constriction,dogs were divided into three groups according to whether they underwent double renal artery ablation:2 dogs in control group,2 dogs in sham-operated group (no renal artery ablation),and 5 dogs in RSD group (renal artery ablation).Plasma noradrenaline (NE),B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP),and renalase were determined in 5 dogs with RSD (RSD group),2 control dogs (control group),and 2 shamoperated dogs (sham-operated group).Results NE,BNP and heart rate were significantly higher and renalase was lower in CHF group than those in control group (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the control dogs with CHF,the levels of renalase were significantly increased in 6 weeks after RSD [(1 948.78 ±49.19) ng/ml vs (1 847.35 ±20.72)ng/ml,P =0.029],and NE [(166.30 ±7.68)pg/ml vs (181.29 ±8.57)pg/ml],and BNP [(75.10 ± 5.58)lμg/ml vs (89.79 ± 2.04) μg/ml] were decreased in 8 weeks after RSD (all P ＜ 0.05).An decreased trend of the levels of renalase was observed in 8 weeks than in 6 weeks in CHF dogs after RSD,without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The activity of renalase in dogs with CHF can be affected by RSD.

Flavoproteínas que actúan como amino-oxidasas: Estructura, función e importancia clínica / Flavoproteins acting as amine oxidases: Structure, function and clinical significance / Flavoproteínas atuando como amina oxidases: Estrutura, função e significado clínico

Se destaca la actividad de las flavoenzimas como amino-oxidasas, que intervienen en el metabolismo de las aminas biogénicas como biorreguladores, especialmente en el crecimiento y la diferenciación celular. La clasificación de las amino-oxidasas incluye flavoenzimas y quinoenzimas. Se analizan las amino-oxidasas que son flavoproteínas, como las monoamino-oxidasas y las poliamino-oxidasas. Se discuten las isoformas, estructuras y función de ambas, sus sustratos e inhibidores, la expresión de MAO-A y MAO-B en tejidos humanos y sus implicancias clínicas. MAO plaquetaria es un biomarcador de desórdenes mentales y neurodegenerativos. Los inhibidores selectivos de MAO-A resultaron ser eficaces antidepresivos, mientras que algunos de MAO-B se utilizan en el tratamiento de enfermedades de Parkinson y de Alzheimer. La identificación de elevadas concentraciones de poliaminas en varias enfermedades, desde cáncer y psoriasis hasta infecciones parasitarias, hace que la manipulación de su metabolismo sea un blanco terapéutico o preventivo en ciertas enfermedades. Se discute además qué poliamino-oxidasas actúan en el metabolismo de las poliaminas en humanos, frente a las presentes en plantas, bacterias y protistas. Las poliaminas y las enzimas de su metabolismo desempeñan funciones relevantes en los procesos de envejecimiento y en algunas enfermedades, como cáncer, diabetes mellitus, accidentes cerebro-vasculares, insuficiencia renal y trastornos psiquiátricos.

The activity of flavoenzymes as amine oxidases involved in the metabolism of biogenic amines as bioregulators is highlighted, particularly for cell growth and differentiation. The classification of amine oxidases includes flavoenzymes and quinoenzymes. Amine oxidases that are flavoproteins, such as monoamine oxidases and polyamine oxidases, are analyzed herein. The isoforms, structures and functions of both enzyme families, their substrates and inhibitors, the expression of MAO-A and MAO-B in human tissues, and their clinical implications are discussed. Platelet MAO is a biomarker of mental and neurodegenerative disorders. Selective MAO-A inhibitors proved to be effective antidepressants, while some MAO-B inhibitors are used for treatment of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. The identification of high concentrations of polyamines in a variety of diseases, from psoriasis to cancer and parasitic infections, makes handling their metabolism a therapeutic or preventive target for the treatment of some diseases. Also polyamine oxidase activity on polyamine metabolism in humans, compared to those present in plants, bacteria and protists,is discussed. Polyamines and the enzymes involved in their metabolism play important roles in the aging processes, as well as in certain diseases such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, stroke, kidney failure, and defined psychiatric disorders.

Foi enfatizada a atividade de flavoenzimas como as amina oxidases envolvidas no metabolismo de aminas biogênicas como biorreguladores, especialmente no crescimento e diferenciação celular. A classificação das amina oxidases inclui flavoenzimas e quinoenzimas. Amina oxidases que são flavoproteínas, tais como monoamina oxidases e poliamina oxidases, são analisadas. Isoformas, estrutura e função das duas oxidases são discutidas, os seus substratos e inibidores, a expressão de MAO-A e MAO-B em tecidos humanos e suas implicações clínicas. MAO plaquetária é um biomarcador de desordens mentais e neurodegenerativas. Os inibidores selectivos da MAO-A resultaram ser eficazes antidepressivos, embora alguns dos MAO-B sejam utilizados no tratamento da doença de Parkinson e de Alzheimer. A identificação de elevadas concentrações de poliaminas em várias doenças, desde câncer e psoríase a infecções parasitárias, faz com que a manipulação do seu metabolismo seja um alvo terapêutico ou preventivo em certas doenças. Também se discute que a poliamina oxidase atua sobre o metabolismo das poliaminas no ser humano, em comparação com aquelas presentes em plantas, bactérias e protistas. As poliaminas e enzimas do seu metabolismo desempenham papéis relevantes nos processos de envelhecimento e em algumas doenças, tais como câncer, diabetes miellitus, acidente vascular cerebral, insuficiência renal e perturbações psiquiátricas.

Hot spot mutations in electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase gene of riboflavin responsive lipid storage myopathy in 20 Chinese families / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To report the spectrum of electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH)gene mutations in 20 Chinese RR-LsM families.Methods Twenty-four RR-LSM patients in the First Hospital of Peking University from January 2003 to May 2010 were collected and the clinical characteristics were analyzed.These patients came from 20 families in North Mainland China.Sixteen families had 1 patient each.and the other 4 families had 2 patients.ETFDH gene analysis was performed in all patients,11 family members and 100 healthy controls.Results The mean onset age was(27.9±9.9)years.The main symptoms were limb weakness(21,87.5%),dysmasesia(15,62.5%),neck weakness (14,58.3%)and myalgia(14,58.3%).Eighteen patients had high level of acyleamitine.Fifteen of 17patients had glutaric aciduria.Seventeen ETFDH mutations,including 13 missense mutations,2 splice mutations,and 2 nonsense mutations,were identified in 19 families:c.998A>G,c.1450T>C,c.1703T>C,c.1717C>T,c.821G>A,c.643G>A,c.251C>T,c.1763A>T,c.IVS7+2T>C and c.IVS6+1G>A were Hovel mutations which were not found in 100 healthy controls.Nine families had the mutation of c.770A>G(P.Y257C)and 5 families had the mutation of c.1227A>C(P.L409F).Conclusions The numerous novel mutations in ETFDH gene indicate that Chinese RR-LSM might have special mutation pattern.c.770A>G(P.Y257C)and c.1227A>C(p.L409F)may be hot spot mutations in North Mainland China.

Clinical features and electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase gene mutation analysis in 35 Chinese patients with lipid storage myopathy / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical features and electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase (ETFDH) gene mutations in 35 Chinese patients with lipid storage myopathy. Methods The clinical data of 35 cases with lipid storage myopathy confirmed by muscle biopsy were collected. The sequences of all 13 exons of ETFDH were analyzed. Results All 35 patients showed proximal weakness. Ten of them demonstrated masseter weakness and 28 of them showed weakness in neck flexion. Twenty-nine of 32 patients who were followed up showed improvement after treatment with VitB2 and CoQ10. Mutations of ETFDH were found in 30 of 35 patients,which included 8 homozygosises,20 compound heterozygosises and 2 single heterozygosises. Fourteen novel mutations were found, including 9 missense mutations ( c. 3G > C, c. 152G>A, c. 191G > A, c.349G>C, c.433G>C, c. 949C > A, c. 1454C > G, c. 1744A >T and c. 1763A>G), 1 nonsense mutation(c. 172G>T), 2 deletions(c. 1282_1283del and 1773_1774del) and 2 splice mutations (c. 405 + 1G > T and c. 1691 -3C > G). Nine of them showed c. 250G > A mutation and 6 of them showed c. 770A > G mutation. Conclusions Lipid storage myopathy is presented as proximal weakness. Multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency caused by mutations of ETFDH is the major cause of lipid storage disease in this group. ETFDH c. 250G > A and c. 770A > G mutations show a high frequency.