RESUMO
Objective:To investigate the potential guiding role of fractional flow reserve(FFR) in surgical revascularization by comparing the relationship between coronary fractional flow reserve(FFR) and blood flow pattern status of bypass graft.Methods:A total of 86 patients with coronary artery disease between March 2016 to October 2019 were included in the study, with 59 males and 27 females; the age ranged from 42 to 77 years old, with an average of(58±12) years old. According to the measured FFR value of the left anterior descending artery, they were divided into severe ischemic group(FFR<0.75), boundary group(0.75≤FFR<0.80) and mild ischemic group(FFR≥0.80). Transit time flow meter(TTFM) was used to evaluate the blood flow status of the bridge vessel from the left internal thoracic artery to the left anterior descending coronary artery.Results:Mean graft flow(MGF) was measured at(21.24±5.71)ml/min, (18.25±7.72)ml/min, (16.47±7.83)ml/min in severe ischemic group, boundary group and mild ischemic group. The results of mean pulsatility index(PI) was 2.58±0.96, 3.14±1.19 and 3.53±1.34, the ratio of diastolic flow during the entire graft flow was 0.63±0.10, 0.55±0.11 and 0.53±0.11, patients appeared systolic reverse flow was 2 cases(3.6%), 3 cases(18.8%) and 3 cases (20.0%), respectively. There were statistically significant differences in MGF( P=0.027)、PI( P=0.007)、the ratio of DF( P=0.001) and the quantity of patients appeared systolic reverse flow( P=0.027) between the three groups. Conclusion:Due to increasing severity of coronary artery stenosis, MGF and the ratio of diastolic flow increased, and there appears to be an decreased PI and quantity of patients appeared systolic reverse flow. The chance of bypass graft occlusion may increase for the near and middle term in mild to moderate functional coronary artery stenosis(FFR≥0.75). For patients with severe functional coronary artery stenosis(FFR<0.75), it can obtain satisfactory flow parameters and ideal clinical outcomes.
RESUMO
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of gum which surrounds and supports the teeth. Globally, periodontal disease is one of the most common oral diseases. Unhealthy periodontium has been connected to systemic conditions like pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases. Periodontal disease affects individuals of all ages, but it is most commonly seen in elderly patients. According to the World Health Organization, nearly 65 % of people have respiratory problems due to periodontal disease. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is defined as the maximum rate and speed of expiration of an individual. We wanted to determine and compare PEFR in acute and chronic periodontitis. METHODSThe present case control study was carried out among patients in the 20 - 40 years age group, who were attending outpatient department of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Study participants were grouped into three categories as ‘normal individuals’, ‘patients with acute periodontitis’ and ‘patients with chronic periodontitis’; each group had 20 people. Spirometer was used to detect the peak expiratory flow rate. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS. P value of less than or equal to 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. RESULTSResults were obtained and expressed as mean ± SD. The Tukey HSD Post-hoc Test was used. Significance value is < 0.05. PEFRs are 420 ± 21.37 and 317 ± 21.05 in control and periodontitis individuals, respectively. P values for these criteria were < 0.05. Males have a high PEFR when compared to females in normal individuals group. This difference was statistically not significant. Females have a high PEFR when compared to males in patients with acute periodontitis. This difference was statistically not significant. Males have a high PEFR when compared to females with chronic periodontitis. When compared within and between groups, it was statistically significant (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSIONSPeriodontitis could be a key source of respiratory disorders. This study shows that acute periodontitis expiratory flow rate was greater than chronic periodontitis expiratory flow rate. Proper maintenance of oral health and early detection of periodontitis may aid in reducing the frequency of respiratory problems due to periodontitis.
RESUMO
RESUMO A medição de vazão é fundamental para a gestão de processos que envolvem fluidos. Em empresas de saneamento, contabilizar as entradas e saídas de água é essencial para gerir faturamentos e perdas, podendo ser mensurada por meio de variados instrumentos com diferentes princípios de aplicação. Dados os altos custos de aquisição dos macromedidores usuais, bem como as dificuldades de instalação e manutenção, a macromedição no Brasil é deficiente. O tubo Pitot Cole é um medidor capaz de determinar a vazão em tubulações pelo diferencial de pressão. Suas principais vantagens são o baixo custo e a fácil instalação, que pode ocorrer com a tubulação em carga. Em contrapartida, suas peças são frágeis e de formato complexo. Este trabalho propõe a construção de um medidor de vazão simples e robusto com tomadas de pressão instaladas em faces opostas de um prisma hexagonal e avalia a viabilidade na mediação de vazão. Os resultados mostraram-se promissores dadas a estabilidade e a forte correlação linear obtidas no coeficiente de calibração.
ABSTRACT Flow measurements are essential for processes management involving fluids. In water companies, measuring inlets and outlets of water is essential to manage revenue and water losses. The water can be measured through diverse instruments with different application principles. Due to the high acquisition costs of the usual water flow meters, as well the difficulties of installation and maintenance, macro meter in Brazil is deficient. The Pitot Cole Tube is able to determine flow in pipes through the pressure differential. The main advantages are the low cost and easy installation, that may occur with the pipe under load. However, its peaces are fragile and complex. This paper propose the construction of a simple and robust instrument to measure the water flow. The prototype is build with pressure plugs installed on opposite faces of a hexagonal prism, then is evaluated of its effectiveness in water flow measurements. The results were promising given the stability obtained in the calibration coefficient.
RESUMO
Many individuals prefer using a pillow under their head when they sleep or read or use hand held electronic devices in recumbent position. Changes in position of the head with respect to the neck in supine posture may occur depending on the use of a pillow or height of the pillow used. This alteration of head and neck position might have an effect on pulmonary ventilation. The Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR) is one of the tests to assess pulmonary functions and PEFR can be performed easily and rapidly with the help of Wright’s Mini Peak Flowmeter. This study was undertaken to see the effect of variations in neck position on peak expiratory flow rate in supine posture in young healthy adults. METHODSA cross sectional study was carried out on 150 apparently healthy medical students of both sexes in the age group of 18 - 21 years. PEFR values were recorded using Wright’s Mini Peak Flow Meter. The subjects were asked to lie down in supine position on a wooden couch and recording of the peak expiratory flow rate was performed, initially by placing the subject’s head directly on the wooden couch and then by keeping the head on a pillow of 5 cm height. RESULTSData was analysed using paired ‘T’ Test and the p value of less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. We found that the mean PEFR value obtained using a pillow of 5 cm height under the head was more than the mean PEFR value obtained without using the pillow and the change in mean PEFR values was statistically significant (Table 1). CONCLUSIONSAfter comparing the mean PEFR values in the supine position with and without use of a pillow, we found that mean PEFR value was significantly higher when PEFR test was performed with use of a low height pillow (5 cm) under the head. From the result of this study, we conclude that pulmonary ventilation is better when the head and neck are supported with a low height pillow in supine posture.
RESUMO
Context: As an average normal person spend maximum of its time in his working environment it is major contributor in determining the persons overall health. A good quality of air is an important factor for normal health of an individual. Aim: To find out immediate effect of chest mobility exercise and incentive spirometry exercise on cement factory worker. Setting and design: The interventional study was carried out in cement factories of aburoad. Method and material: 40 subjects were included in the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into 2 groups with 20 participants in each group. One group received chest mobility exercise and other group received incentive spirometry exercise. Results: Statistically is significant (p<0.05) the result showed high significant difference within & between the two groups .There was more effect of incentive spirometry exercise compared to chest mobility exercise. Conclusion: The above study concluded that both the technique showed marked improvement but the incentive spirometry exercise is more effective for the cement factory workers and it is easy to perform for the participants.
RESUMO
Background: The growth of population, industry, number of vehicles and improper implementation of stringent emission standard makes the problem of air pollution worse. Automobile exhaust consists of particulate matter and gases which cause injury to the terminal bronchioles and decrease in the pulmonary compliance and vital capacity and PEFR. Aim: The present study aimed at assessing the Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) in healthy working women in the Ahmedabad compared to healthy housewives of same age to see the effect of short duration daily exposure of traffic air pollutants on PEFR. Materials and methods: An observational study was conducted in the community of Ahmedabad with 30 females between the ages of 30-40 years, divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised of 15 healthy housewives and Group 2 comprised of 15 healthy working women. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) using a Wrights peak flow meter was measured in liter per minute. Three such readings were taken in standing posture. The highest of the three values obtained was treated as the peak expiratory flow rate. Results: The mean PEFR of the housewives and working women was 304±60.80litres/min and 285.33±45.01 litres/min respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of the study (p=0.208, z= -1.259). Conclusion: There is no difference between the Peak Expiratory Flow Rate between healthy housewives and working women in Ahmedabad.
RESUMO
A total of 80 male subjects in age group of 20-50 years were selected for the purpose of the study. They were divided in two groups, smokers and non smokers. Each group subdivided into age groups of 20-35 and 36-50 yrs. The criteria for smoking was about 5-10 cigarettes per day since 6-12 months. Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (P.E.F.R.) was determined by using Wright’s peak flow meter. The results showed that in Non-Smoker of age group 20-35 years, (n= 30) the mean PEFR value was 535±50 L/min, whereas in age group 36-50 years, (n=15) the mean P.E.F.R value was 515±50 L/min. In Smokers of age group 20-35 years, (n=10) mean P.E.F.R. value was 374±128 L/min whereas in age group 36-50 years, (n=25) mean P.E.F.R. value was 357±86 L/min. This shows that in smokers P.E.F.R. value is lower compared to Non-smokers in both age groups and that P.E.F.R. is lower in the elder age group in comparison to younger age group.
RESUMO
A 68-year-old woman with multiple gastric ulcers was admitted to our hospital due to post-prandial abdominal pain. Multirow detector computed tomography (MDCT) showed severe stenoses of both the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) ; therefore, we decided to operate based on the presumed diagnosis of abdominal angina. We bypassed the stenoses using a saphenous vein graft from the right external iliac artery to the SMA, distal to the stenosis. The patient was symptom-free postoperatively. In summary, this case of abdominal angina was accurately evaluated preoperatively with MDCT and the flow meter<sup>®</sup>. Thereafter, a focal stenosis in the superior mesenteric artery was successfully treated with an external iliac-SMA bypass using a saphenous vein graft.
RESUMO
Técnicas cirúrgicas, próteses e dispositivos implantáveis utilizados pela cardiologia estão em constante desenvolvimento. Alguns institutos de pesquisas e universidades desenvolvem simuladores hidrodinâmicos com capacidade de reproduzir os níveis de pressão e vazão do sistema cardiovascular humano, com pistões, válvulas, câmaras de complacência, dispositivos para ajustes e medição de pressão e vazão. Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento e a avaliação de um fluxômetro eletromagnético (FE). O custo elevado de um fluxômetro por ultrassom (FUS) pode inviabilizar algumas pesquisas com simuladores; desta forma, uma alternativa com menor custo é apresentada neste trabalho. Baseado na indução eletromagnética para medição de vazão em um fluido iônico, o FE desenvolvido mostrou ser uma solução de baixo custo. O transdutor foi montado em um tubo de plástico com diâmetro interno de 9,5 mm, excitado por um campo magnético de 0,35 T, possui 4 eletrodos que, ligados a um circuito eletrônico, fornecem tensão elétrica proporcional à velocidade do fluido. A equação da tensão induzida, técnicas para calibração, ensaios e resultados são apresentados. Para a realização dos ensaios, foram utilizados um simulador cardiovascular e um FUS como referência. Os dados foram obtidos por hardware e software da National Instruments. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se o baixo desvio padrão de 0,043 L/min do FE para uma vazão de 3,56 L/min. O maior erro porcentual relativo foi de 1,49 ± 1,25%. Em um dos gráficos de vazão do FE observou-se um comportamento não monotônico, confirmado por uma análise da resposta em freqüência, observando-se maior amplitude na segunda, terceira e quarta harmônicas. Os resultados indicaram que o FE pode substituir o FUS em aplicações com simuladores hidrodinâmicos.
Implantable devices, prosthesis and their associated surgical techniques in cardiology are constantly under development. Many research groups have been using hydrodynamic simulators as a tool to assist the development in cardiovascular area, capable to mimic pressure and flow found in human cardiovascular system. They are made with plastic tubes, compliances chambers, valves, moving diaphragms and clamps for pressure and flow adjustments. The high cost of ultrasonic flow meters (UF) may difficult, for some research groups, the development of their own mock systems. This paper presents a simple and low cost electromagnetic flow meter (EF) useful for those cardiovascular simulation systems. EF measures flow of ionic fluids based on electromagnetic induction. A special transducer was assembled directly on a plastic tube with 9.5 mm of inner diameter. The transducer has 4 electrodes and, when excited by a magnetic field of 0.35 tesla, detects electric tension that is proportional to the fluid velocity. In this paper, induced electric potential equation, calibration techniques, performance tests and results are presented. A cardiovascular simulation system was used as test setup with an UF (Transonic Systems Inc.) as comparative flow meter. The signals were acquired by a PCI-6036E card and processed with LabView® 7.1 (National Instruments). The results from EF showed a standard deviation (SD) of 0.043 L/min for a flow of 3.56 L/min. The largest relative error was of 1.49 ± 1.25%. In one flow signal from the EF, the non monotonic behavior suggests a rich harmonic signal, which was confirmed by an analysis in the frequency domain. In vitro performance tests indicated that our EF can substitute the commercial available UF for hydrodynamic simulator application.
Assuntos
Medição de Vazão , Fluxômetros , Modelos Cardiovasculares , Simulação por Computador , Equipamentos de Medição de Riscos , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Cardiovascular/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
@#ObjectiveTo investigate the diagnostic value of mini peak flow meters in cough variant asthma (CVA). Methods131 patients with the main symptom of chronic cough whose chest X-ray showed normal were included in this study. The peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate of each patient was measured by mini peak flow meters during the bronchial dilation test, and the results were analyzed. ResultsThe rate of positive reaction in the test was 33.6% (44/131), of whom 40.9% (18/44) were delayed over 1 year. 16.8% (22/131) of all the patients' PEF increased 10% to 15% in after the test. ConclusionMini peak flow meters can be used in the diagnosis of CVA.
RESUMO
The electronic gas flow meter is used to realize dynamic oxygen inhalation display for hyperbaric oxygen chamber,then such problems can be conquered as high-resistance oxygen inhalation with glass rotameter and risks for adopting second-class oxygen regulator with sensors.With a low oxygen inhalation resistance and detection of oxygen inhalation state outside the chamber,the accidents can be avoided when hyperbaric oxygen chamber applied.
RESUMO
Peak expiratory flow meter(PEFM) is a portable medial device used for home health care of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma. PEFM adapts spring principle for convenient measurement of expiratory peak flow rate, however linear scale could lead to a substantial measurement e rror. The pre sent study identified inherent er ror of the device by theore tical ana lysis, and accurately measured the error of a patented commercial PEFM. Consistent error was observed mainly due to non-linearity of the flow-to-distance conversion principle, which could be fitted to a quadratic formula with satisfactory accuracy. A simple error compensation technique was accordingly proposed based on quadratic error modeling, which decreased measurement error down to less than 1/3 of before- compensation corresponding to only an error of less than 15LPM over a wide range of flow(100-500LPM). Error compensation table was constructed for convenient use of patients. The present error compensation technique is simple and convenient not only to enhance home health care quality but also for the manufacturers to build more accurate PEFM devices.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The peak flowmeter is very useful in monitoring of out-patients as well as those in emergency departments because of its convenience and simplicity with low cost. There have been many studies aimed at determining the accuracy and reproducibility of the peak flow meter in normal population. However, there is a paucity of reports regarding its accuracy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) or asthma. The accuracy of the peak expiratory flow(PEF) measured with a mini-Wright peak flowmeter was assessed by a comparison with the results of a mass flow sensor. METHODS: The PEF measurements were performed in 108 patients aged 19-82 years presenting with either a chronic obstructive lung disease or asthma before and after inhaling salbutamol. The PEF measurements from the mini-Wright flowmeter were compared with those obtained by the calibrated mass flow sensor. RESULTS: The average of the readings taken by the mini-Wright meter were 37-39 l/min higher than those taken by the mass flow sensor. The average percentage error of the mini-Wright meter were higher, ranging less than 300 l/min. The mean of the differences between the values obtained using both instruments (the bias)±limits of agreement(±2 SD) were 37.1±90 l/min for the PEF(p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The mini-Wright peak flowmeter overestimated the flows in patients with COPD or asthma. It was also found that the accuracy of the mini-Wright peak flowmeter decreased in its mid to low range. The limits of agreement are wide and the difference between the two instruments is signigicant. Therefore, the measurements made between the two types of machines in patients with asthma or COPD cannot be used in terchangeably.
Assuntos
Humanos , Albuterol , Asma , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Fluxômetros , Inalação , Pacientes Ambulatoriais , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , LeituraRESUMO
PURPOSE: Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) monitoring plays an important role in the diagnosis of airway obstruction and management of patients with bronchial asthma. This study compared the PEFR taken by a Microplus pocket spirometer and mini-Wright peak flow meter by assessing the extent of agreement between the instruments and the repeatability of measurements with each instrument. METHODS: Eighty healthy children (age 11-12 years, 43 females, 37 males) performed three PEFR maneuvers on the Microplus pocket spirometer and on the mini-Wright peak flow meter in a random order. Agreement and reproducibility between the two instruments were assessed by the statistical methods proposed by Bland and Altman. RESULTS: Seventy six (95%) of the PEFR taken by the mini-Wright peak flow meter were higher than that of Microplus pocket spirometer. The 95% limits of agreements (mean difference+/-2SD) between each instrument were very wide (2.7 to 144.3 L/min). The repeatability coefficient for the mini-Wright peak flow meter was 27 L/min and for the Microplus pocket spirometer was 33.5 L/min. Analysis by sex and order of usage did not show any significant differences. CONCLUSION: The limit of agreement between the Microplus pocket spirometers and the mini-Wright peak flow meter was too wide to use interchangeably.
Assuntos
Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias , Asma , Diagnóstico , Pico do Fluxo ExpiratórioRESUMO
BACKGROUND: For the diagnosis or evaluation of airway obstruction in bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive lung disorders, various parameters derived from the forced expiratory volume curve and maximal expiratory flow volume cutie have been used. Recently the peak expiratory flow(PEF) measured by the peak flow meter is widely used because of its simplicity and convenience. But there were still no data of the predicted normal values measured by the peak flow meter in Korea. This study was to obtain the predicted normal value of PEF and to know the accuracy of this value 18 predict FEV1. METHOD: The measurements of PEF by the MiniWright peak flow meter and several parameters derived from the forced expiratory volume and maximal expiratory flow volume curves by the Microspiro HI 501(Chest Co.) were done in 129 men and 125 women without previous history of the respiratory diseases. The predicted normal values of parameters according tc the age and the height were obtained, and the regression equation of FEV1 by PEF was calculated. RESULTS: The predicted normal values of PEF(L/min) were 2.45 Age(year)+1.36 Height(cm)+427 in men and -0.96 Age(year)+2.01 Height(cm)+129 in women. FEFmax derived from the maximal expiratory flow volume cutie was less than by 125 L/min in men art 118 L/min in women respectively compared to PEF. FEV,(ml) predicted by PEF was 5.98 PEF(L/min) 303 in men and 4.61 PEF(L/min) 291 in women respectively. CONCLUSION: The predicted normal value of PEF measured by the peak flow meter was calculated and it could be used as a standard value of PEF while taking care of patients with airway obstruction FEV1, the gold standard of ventilatory function could be predicted by PEF to a certain extent.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obstrução das Vias Respiratórias , Asma , Diagnóstico , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Coreia (Geográfico) , Pulmão , Curvas de Fluxo-Volume Expiratório Máximo , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Portable devices for measuring peak expiratory flow(PEF) are now of proved value in the diagnosis and management of asthma and many lightweight PEF meters have become available. However, it is necessary to determine whether peak expiratory flow rate(PEFR) measurements measured with peak flowmeters is accurate and reproducible for clinical application. The aim of the present study is to define accuracy, agreement, and precision of mini-Wright peak flow meter(MPFM) against standard pneumotachygraph. METHODS: The lung function tests by standard pneumotachygraph and PEFR measurement by MPFM were performed in a random order for 2 hours in 22 normal and 17 asthmatic subjects and also were performed for 3 successive days in 22 normals. RESULTS: The PEFR measured with MPFM was significantly related to the PEFR and FEV1 measured with standard pneumotachygraph in normal and asthmatics(for PEFR, r=0.92 p0.05) and the coefficient of variation(2.4 1.2%) of PEFR measured with MPFM was significantly lower than that( 5.2 3.5%) with standard pneurnotachygraph in normal (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: This results suggest that the MPFM was as accurate and reproducible as standard pneumotachygraph for monitoring of PEFR in the asthmatic subjects.
Assuntos
Asma , Diagnóstico , Fluxômetros , Pico do Fluxo Expiratório , Testes de Função RespiratóriaRESUMO
The peripheral vascular occlusion in the diabetes was studied in fifty-nine male and forty-six female diabetic patients by means of doppler flow meter performed on the dorsalis pedis arteries & post. tibial arteries of the both lower limbs. Patients were divided into two groups, one with occlusion and the other without occlusion. Various predisposing factors causing peripheral vascular occlusions were examined. The results are summerized as follows: 1. Peripheral vascular occlusions were more prevalent in male than in female (male: 25.4%, female: 17.4%). 2. In male patients age, plasma cholesterol level & smoking were statically significant among the various predisposing factors between occlusion & nonocclusion groups. 3. In female patients, duration of diabetes mellitus and the sugar levels of fasting blood and post prandial 2 hours were statiscally significant.