Nutritional assessment of servicemen in relation to area of duty and feeding habits: a Pakistani prospective

Abstract The present study was carried out to determine incidence of overweight and obesity in Pakistani servicemen with reference to their area of duty, feeding habits and also to identify risk factors. Accordingly, 2,501 servicemen selected from all over Pakistan using multiple stage stratified sampling protocol. Nutrition assessment performed using body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and dietary assessment using food frequency questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed using the SPSS version 25. Regression was used to find risk factors of obesity and WHR. Results indicated that about 1/4th of servicemen were smokers. Approximately, 1/5th of them were overweight and about one quarter were eating fruits and vegetables for 3 days/ week and 4 days/week, respectively. Only 1/3rd of them were physically active for at least 40 minutes per day. Age and fruits intake were significantly predicting BMI with a direct relation and vegetable intake was negatively correlated to BMI of the servicemen. Age and rank were significant predictors of WHR while, physical activity was negatively correlated to WHR. It is concluded and suggested from our study that there is a need to modify eating patterns and habits as well as improving physical activity on daily basis for healthy and long life of the servicemen.

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Association of Interleukin-10 -1082A>G (rs1800896) Polymorphism with Predisposition to Breast Cancer: a Meta-Analysis based on 17 Case-Control Studies

SUMMARY INTRODUCTION The association between the between IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800896) polymorphism and breast cancer has been evaluated by several number case-control studies. However, these studies might be underpowered to reveal the true association. OBJECTIVE We have performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to investigate the association IL-10 -1082A>G polymorphism and breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science up to September 20, 2017. Data was analysed with CMA software to identify the strength of the association by pooled odds ratios (ORs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS A total of 17 case-control studies involving 3275 cases and 3416 controls obtained from database searches were examined. Overall, there was no significant association between IL-10 -1082A>G polymorphism and breast cancer risk under all genetic models. No significant publication bias was found for the five genetic models (G vs. A OR = 1.184, 95% CI = 0.895-1.180, p= 0.230; GG vs. AA: OR = 1.430, 95% CI = 0.927-2.204, p= 0.106; GA vs. AA: OR = 0.966, 95% CI = 0.765-1.221, p= 0.774; GG+GA vs. AA: OR = 0.957, 95% CI = 0.697-1.314, p= 0.786; and GG vs. GA+AA: OR = 1.221, 95% CI = 0.981-1.518, p= 0.073). Moreover, there was no significant association between the IL-10 -1082A>G polymorphism and breast cancer risk by ethnicity. CONCLUSION Our findings indicated that IL-10 -1082A>G (rs1800896) polymorphism might not be a risk factor for the development of breast cancer.

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Representação-turbulência-experiência emocional: pensando a teoria da técnica / Representation-turbulence-emotional experience: reflecting on the theory of technique / La cuestión es: qué es lo que hace el analista con la "experiencia emocional" que va ocurriendo durante la sesión? / Representación-turbulencia-experiencia emocional: pensando sobre la teoría de la técnica

Considerando os autores Freud, Klein e Bion, a autora propõe que a passagem do trabalho centrado nas representações e interpretações do inconsciente em Freud e Klein para o trabalho centrado no aprender da experiência emocional e na teoria de pensamento de Bion expostas na "Grade" e em "Transformações" implica enorme turbulência na prática psicanalítica. Sugere a necessidade de uma teoria da técnica que se coadune com essa mudança, mas se pergunta se essa é possível. A referência aos conceitos pressupõe um leitor familiarizado com os referenciais, pois privilegia, na exposição, questões suscitadas pelas teorias, e não a clarificação destas. A questão é o que faz o analista da "experiência emocional" que vai ocorrendo na sessão?

The author takes into consideration Freud's, Klein's, and Bion's work. The author identifies a great turbulence in the psychoanalytic practice as a result of the transition (or change) from Freud's and Klein's work, whose core is on the Representations and interpretations of the Unconscious, to Bion's work, which is focused on Learning from emotional Experience and on Theory of Thinking, both exposed in The Grid and in Transformations. The author suggests the need of a new Theory of Technique in accordance with this change, although she wonders if it is possible. When the author refers to concepts, she assumes that the reader is familiar with these references. Rather than clarify these theories, the author favours the issues that are raised by them. The main question is: What does the analyst do with the emotional experience that keeps emerging during the session?

Considerando el pensamiento de Freud, Klein y Bion, la autora propone que el pasaje desde el trabajo centrado en las Representaciones e Interpretaciones del Inconsciente, en Freud y Klein, hasta el trabajo centrado en el Aprender de la experiencia emocional y en la Teoría del pensamiento, de Bion, expuestas en La Tabla y en Transformaciones, implica una enorme turbulencia en la práctica psicoanalítica. Sugiere la necesidad de una Teoría de la Técnica que acompañe esta transformación, pero se pregunta si esto es posible. La referencia a conceptos teóricos presupone un lector familiarizado con ellos, pues en la exposición, la autora privilegia cuestiones suscitadas por las teorías y no la explicación de las mismas.

En considérant les auteurs Freud, Klein et Bion, l'auteur de l'article propose que le passage du travail centré sur les représentations et sur les interprétations de l'inconscient chez Freud et chez Klein au travail centré sur l'apprentissage de l'expérience émotionnelle et sur Théorie de la pensée de Bion, exposé dans "La Grade" et dans les "Transformations", amène à une énorme turbulence dans la pratique psychanalytique. L'auteur suggère le besoin d'une Théorie de la technique qui soit d´accord avec ce changement, mais elle se demande si ce changement est-il possible. La référence aux concepts présuppose un lecteur familiarisé avec les référentiels, une fois qu'elle privilégie, lors de l'exposition, les questions suscitées par les théories, n'ayant pas l'intention de les clarifier. La question est; qu'est-ce que l'analyste fait de l'expérience émotionnelle qui a lieu dans la séance?

Avaliação da previsibilidade da sutura de menisco através da ressonância magnética / Predictability of meniscal suture by magnetic resonance imaging

The prediction of meniscus reparability is quite useful for surgeons to optimize surgical planning. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to predict the suture of meniscal lesions. This was an unicentric retrospective study that included 104 patients who underwent knee joint ligament reconstruction and / or arthroscopy for the treatment of meniscal injury at knee joint level. The MRI images of the meniscus were evaluated and later the arthroscopic findings were used as the gold standard. After the operative procedure, the cases were allocated into two groups according to the necessity of meniscus suture: Sutured Group "MSu" (n = 58) and Non sutured Group "MNSu" (n = 150). Considering the lesion detection capacity in the medial meniscus, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MR were 85.3%, 63.9% and 77.9%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) was 81.7% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 69.7%. The agreement between MRI and arthroscopy was moderate. For the lateral meniscus, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of MRI were 80.6%, 89.0% and 86.5%, respectively, with PPV of 75.7% and NPV of 91.5% and a substantial agreement. Regarding suture predictability, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were respectively 60.3%, 66.7% and 64.9% with PPV of 41.2% and NPV of 81.3%, with weak agreement. According to the arthroscopy, the 58 meniscal lesions of the MSu group were more frequent in the posterior horn, had the longitudinal pattern and were located in the red-red vascular zone. In our study, MRI was not a good predictor of meniscal suture, although it is an useful tool for the diagnosis of medial and lateral meniscal lesions

Grb10 characterization in bovine cumulus oocyte complexes from different follicle sizes / Caracterização do Grb10 em complexos cumulus-oócito oriundos de folículos bovino de diferentes tamanhos

The objective of this study was to investigate the mRNA expression and protein localization of Grb10 gene in bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) from different follicle sizes. Firstly, it was investigated the mRNA expression to correlate with maturation rates. COCs from follicles at 1-3, 4-6, 6-8 and >8mm were used to evaluate Grb10 gene expression by qRT-PCR assay and nuclear maturation rates. It was observed that more competent oocytes (from follicles at 6-8 and >8mm; P>0.05), had lower Grb10 mRNA expression levels when compared to the oocytes from follicles at 1-3 and 4-6mm (P>0.05). After it was performed an immunofluorescence analysis in COCs from different follicle sizes (1-3, 4-6, 6-8 and >8mm) to investigate Grb10 protein localization. Samples were incubated with primary antibody: Polyclonal rabbit anti-Grb10 (1:100). Primary antibody was detected using goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 (1:500). Positive fluorescence signal was detected in all analyzed samples but less evident in COCs from largest follicles. These results characterized Grb10 gene in bovine COC and provide evidences for its involvement during oocyte molecular maturation.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a expressão de RNAm e a localização da proteína Grb10 em complexos cumulusoócito (CCO), oriundos de folículos bovinos em diferentes fases de desenvolvimento. Primeiramente, foi investigada a expressão de RNAm e relacionada com as taxas de maturação. CCOs oriundos de folículos com diâmetro de 1-3, 4-6, 6-8 e >8mm foram utilizados para avaliar a expressão de RNAm por PCR em tempo real e para analisar os estádios de maturação nuclear. Foi observado que os oócitos mais competentes para a progressão meiótica (oriundos de folículos com diâmetro de 6-8 e >8mm; P<0.05) tiveram menor expressão de RNAm para Grb10, quando comparados aos CCOs oriundos de folículos com 1-3 e 4-6mm (P<0.05). Posteriormente, foi realizada a técnica de imunofluorescência em CCOs oriundos de folículos de diferentes tamanhos (1-3, 4-6, 6-8 e >8mm) para investigar a localização da proteína Grb10. As amostras foram incubadas com o anticorpo primário: anti-Grb10 policlonal, produzido em coelho (1:100). O anticorpo primário foi detectado utilizando um anticorpo secundário, IgG anti-coelho, produzido em cabra, conjugado com Alexa Fluor 488 (1:500). A fluorescência foi detectada em todas as amostras analisadas, porém, menos evidente nos CCOs oriundos dos folículos maiores. Os resultados apresentados neste estudo caracterizam o gene Grb10 em CCOs de bovinos e fornecem evidências do seu envolvimento na maturação molecular do oócito.

Experiências religiosas da juventude contemporânea: indagações sobre fé, secularização, ética e política / Religious experiences of the contemporary youth: questions about faith, secularism, ethics and political / Experiencias religiosas de la juventud contemporánea: preguntas acerca de fe, laicismo, ética y política / Expériences réligieuses de la jeunesse contemporaine: questionnements sur la foi, la sécularisation, l'éthique et la politique

A relação do homem com a religião é um dos aspectos da experiência humana que participa da produção da subjetividade, atravessando épocas, culturas e espaços sociais. Deste modo, torna-se relevante conhecer a maneira como os jovens são capazes de expressar sua compreensão desta experiência. A intenção foi criar oportunidades, através de "oficinas de debates", para que os jovens se confrontassem com as suas crenças religiosas, além de compartilhar por meio de uma escuta atenta do outro, as infinitas possibilidades de se construir um modo de ser a partir da experiência religiosa. O texto se desenvolve articulando o discurso dos jovens entrevistados com as reflexões teóricas sobre fé, religiosidade, secularização, ética e política.

The relationship created by man with religion is one of the aspects of human experience which participates on the production of subjectivity, throughout times, cultures and social spaces. In this way, it is important to know if the young is capable to reveal his comprehension of such experience, converting it in life attitudes. The intention was to create opportunities, through "talking workshops", in order to make them to be challenged by their religious faith, sharing with the others, by talking and listening, the infinite possibilities of being themselves by taking into account their religious experience. This article intends to put together the speech of the young people and the theories about faith, religiosity and ethics.

La relación entre el hombre y la religión es un aspecto de la experiencia humana que participa en el proceso de producción de la subjetividad, a través de las épocas, culturas y espacios sociales. Por lo tanto, es importante saber cómo los jóvenes son capaces de expresar su comprensión de esta experiencia. Así, se han creado oportunidades, a través de "talleres de debates", para que los jóvenes se enfrentasen con sus creencias religiosas y compartiesen, a través de la escucha atenta del otro, las infinitas posibilidades para la construcción de un modo de ser desde la experiencia religiosa. El texto se desarrolla articulando el discurso de los entrevistados jóvenes con reflexiones teóricas sobre la fe, la religión, el secularismo, la ética y la política.

La relation de l'homme avec la religion est l'un des aspects de l'expérience humaine qui participe de la production de la subjectivité, franchissant des époques, des cultures et des espaces sociaux. De cette façon, il est important de connaître la manière dont les jeunes sont capables d'en exprimer leur compréhension. L'intention a été de créer des opportunités à travers ® les ateliers de débats ¼, pour que les jeunes confrontent leurs croyances religieuses, outre partager par le moyen d'une écoute attentive de l'autre, les infinies possibilités de se construire une manière d'être à partir de l'expérience religieuse. Le texte se développe en articulant le discours des jeunes interviewés avec des réflexions théoriques sur la foi, la religiosité, la sécularisation, l'éthique et la politique.