Mucometra due to Follicular Cyst in an Ongole Cow- A Case Report

Background: An eight-year-old Ongole cow was brought to the large Gynaecology ward, Department of VGO, NTR College of Veterinary Science, Gannavaram with a history of irregular cloudy vaginal discharge. The local veterinarian did not appreciate the growth of the gravid uterine horn during repeated per-rectal examinations in 30-day intervals. Methods: On rectal examination, the right uterine horn was distended with fluid. On real-time ultrasonography, the ovaries were diagnosed with the presence of large anechoic follicles on both left and right ovaries. The cow was diagnosed as mucometra due to follicular cyst and treated with ovsynch plus CIDR protocol using 20礸 of GnRH and cloprostenol sodium of 500 礸 and CIDR device containing progesterone of 1.9 gms. Results: Re-examination after one month revealed the persistence of cysts on both the ovaries and the distended right uterine horn. Conclusion: The treatment was not successful because of the longstanding follicular cysts and thickening, and unresponsiveness of uterine endometrium. The prognosis of the present case was guarded.

Giant luteinized follicular cyst of pregnancy / Cisto folicular luteinizado gigante da gestação

Functional cysts usually do not cause symptoms or require surgical intervention. We reported a 17-year-old primi-gravida, gestational age of 10 weeks and 2 days, and ultrasound showing anechoic cyst in the right parauterine re-gion without septa, with a larger diameter of 13.5cm, 632ml, and Doppler color without peripheral vascularization. The patient was oligosymptomatic during gestation. At 37 weeks and 6 days, gestation was interrupted, when the cyst had 2600 ml by ultrasonography. Fetal extraction was performed by cesarean delivery, and a large adnexal cyst visualized on the right was removed. The histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen revealed a cystic le-sion coated by luteinized cells with discrete hyperchromatic and slightly pleomorphic nuclei, with underlying fibrous stroma with sparse luteinized cells, characterizing a giant luteinized follicular cyst of pregnancy. The prevalence of ovarian masses in pregnancy is rare, usually not exceeding 5 cm in diameter, and disappearing spontaneously in the second trimester. The patient in the case report had a cyst of 632 ml, increasing in volume to 2600 ml at the time of delivery. Definitive preoperative diagnosis of ovarian masses is still difficult, and predictive criteria for malignancy include the use of tumor markers, ultrasound, and Doppler. The association of these tests should guide the clinician to define the best time for surgical intervention. The association of these tests should guide the clinician to define the best time for surgical intervention (AU)

Os cistos funcionais geralmente não causam sintomas ou requerem intervenção cirúrgica. Relatamos o caso de uma primigesta de 17 anos, idade gestacional de 10 semanas e 2 dias, e ultrassonografia mostrando cisto anecoico em região parauterina direita sem septos, com maior diâmetro de 13,5cm, volume 632ml e Doppler sem vascularização periférica. A paciente permaneceu oligossintomática durante a gestação. Com 37 semanas e 6 dias, a gestação foi interrompida, quando o cisto apresentava 2.600 ml pela ultrassonografia. A extração fetal foi realizada por cesaria-na, e um grande cisto anexial visualizado à direita foi removido. A análise histopatológica da peça cirúrgica revelou lesão cística revestida por células luteinizadas com núcleos discretamente hipercromáticos e levemente pleomór-ficos, com estroma fibroso subjacente com células luteinizadas esparsas, caracterizando cisto folicular luteinizado gigante da gravidez. A prevalência de massas ovarianas na gravidez é rara, geralmente não ultrapassam o diâmetro de 5 cm, e desaparecem espontaneamente no segundo trimestre. A paciente do relato de caso apresentou cisto de 632 ml, aumentando de volume para 2600 ml no momento do parto. O diagnóstico pré-operatório definitivo de massas ovarianas ainda é difícil, e os critérios preditivos de malignidade incluem o uso de marcadores tumorais, ultrassonografia e Doppler. A associação desses testes deve orientar o clínico para definir o melhor momento para a intervenção cirúrgica (AU)

Neonatal ovarian cyst complicating as subacute intestinal obstruction: a case report

Congenital Ovarian cysts are among the commonest intra-abdominal masses encountered in foetuses on antenatal screening, mostly during the third trimester of pregnancy. Though the etiology remains unknown, the most prevalent hypothesis holds maternal hormonal stimulation responsible for the pathology. Most are asymptomatic but potential complications can be life-threatening. A case of a 7 day old female baby was reported with normal antenatal scans and complaints of abdominal distension and vomiting since day 1 of life. Imaging included a Ultrasonographic diagnosis of suspected ovarian lesion and an MRI diagnosis of omental cyst. Due to progressive abdominal distension, authors proceeded with laparotomy. Left salpingo-oophorectomy was done as no ovarian tissue was salvageable. Post-operative period was uneventful. The histopathological picture was that of benign follicular cyst of ovary.

Estudio Clínico e Histopatológico de quiste dentígero asociado a diente lateral maxilar: Reporte de caso

l quiste dentígero es uno de los quistes Odontogénicos más comunes que envuelven los maxilares, se asocian generalmente a la corona de una tercera molar o canino no erupcionado siendo en la mayoría lesiones unilaterales. La impactación del incisivo lateral permanente maxilar asociado a quiste dentígero es una entidad rara y más aún si involucra a coronas dentarias continuas. Generalmente afectan entre la segunda y tercera década de vida, su aparición en la primera década aún es rara, representando sólo el 9,1% de casos entre los 6 y 7 años. El propósito de este artículo es describir la presencia de dientes impactados asociados con un gran quiste dentígero en el maxilar derecho de un niño de ocho años de edad con enfoque clínico e histopatológico. La exhaustiva evaluación de la historia clínica basado en los hallazgos clínicos, radiográficos e histopatológicos ayudan a los especialistas a diagnosticar correctamente, e identificar los factores etiológicos que conllevan a administrar un tratamiento adecuado.

The dentigerous cyst is one of the most common Odontogenic cysts involving the jaws, usually associated with the crown of a third molar or unerupted canine being in most unilateral lesions. The impaction of the incisor lateral maxillary permanent associated with dentigerous cyst is a rare entity and even more if it involves continuous dental crowns. Generally, affect between the second and third decade of life, its appearance in the first decade is still rare, representing only 9.1% of cases between 6 and 7 years. The purpose of this article is to describe the presence of impacted teeth associated with a large dentigerous cyst in the right jaw of an eight-year-old child with clinical and histopathological approach. Thorough evaluation of clinical history based on clinical, radiographic, and histopathological findings helps specialists to correctly diagnose and identify the etiological factors that lead to appropriate treatment.

Eruptive Vellus Hair Cysts Successfully Treated by Topical Tretinoin 0.01% Cream / 대한피부과학회지

No abstract available.

Submerged mandibular carious deciduous second molar along with an impacted second premolar associated with an atypical inflammatory follicular cyst: A rare case report.

The author presents a case of submerged carious deciduous molar along with an inflammatory atypical follicular cyst associated with an impacted mandibular second premolar in the right mandible identified through clinical and routine radiological examination including cone beam computed tomography and histopathology. The involvement of submerged deciduous molar with dental caries by itself a rare occurrence and an impacted permanent premolar tooth associated with an infected follicular cyst is still more a rare event.

Expresión de enzimas relacionadas con el metabolismo de glucocorticoides en tejidos ováricos bovinos / Expression of enzymes related with the metabolism of the glucocorticoids in bovine ovarian tissue

Objetivo. Identificar la expresión de enzimas relacionadas con el metabolismo de glucocorticoides en tejidos ováricos bovinos. Materiales y métodos. Se obtuvieron muestras de tejidos provenientes de ovarios sanos (n=10) y con Enfermedad Quística Ovárica (COD) (n=10), a las cuales luego de su procesamiento histológico, se las incluyó en parafina. Mediante la técnica de inmunohistoquímica indirecta, se identificaron in situ en folículos primarios, secundarios, terciarios, atrésicos y quistes de las isoformas 1 y 2 de la enzima 11ß-hidroxiesteroide deshidrogenasa (11βHSD) utilizando anticuerpos específicos. Resultados. La expresión de la enzima 11βHSD-1 presentó diferencias significativas únicamente en las células de la granulosa de los diferentes grupos foliculares. La enzima 11βHSD-2 mostró diferencias significativas con respecto a su expresión en las células de la granulosa de los folículos primarios comparada con los folículos secundarios y quísticos. En las células de la teca interna, esta diferencia se observó entre los folículos terciarios y los folículos atrésicos y quísticos. En las células de la teca externa, los folículos terciarios mostraron diferencias significativas en su expresión con respecto a los folículos atrésicos. Conclusiones. Se demostró la presencia de las isoformas tipo I y II de 11βHSD en tejidos ováricos bovinos obtenidos de frigorífico, lo que permite inferir la existencia de un mecanismo endocrino de regulación de la actividad de los glucocorticoides, que podría alterar el patrón normal de desarrollo folicular generando estructuras foliculares anovulatorias y/o quistes foliculares, y al mismo tiempo anestro y otras alteraciones reproductivas en bovinos.

Objective. Identify the expression of enzymes related to metabolism of glucocorticoids in bovine ovarian tissue. Materials and methods. Samples of tissues of healthy ovaries (n=10) and ovaries with Cystic Ovarian Disease (COD) (n=10) were obtained and then preserved in paraffin after their histological processing. By applying the indirect inmunohistochemistry technique and using specific antibodies it was possible to identify in situ the 1 and 2 isoforms of the 11ß-hidroxiesteroide dehydrogenase (11ßHSD) enzyme in primary, secondary, tertiary, atretic and cystic follicles. Results. The expression of the 11ßHSD-1 enzyme showed significant differences only in the granulosa cells of the different follicular groups. The 11ßHSD-2 enzyme showed significant differences with respect to its expression in the granulosa cells of primary follicles compared to the secondary and cystic follicles. In the cells of the theca interna this difference was observed between the tertiary and the atretic and cystic follicles. In the external theca cells, the tertiary follicles showed significant differences in its expression with respect to the atretic follicles. Conclusions. The presence of isoforms I type and II type of 11ßHSD was observed in ovarian bovine tissues, obtained in slaughterhouses. This allows for concluding the existence of an endocrine mechanism, which regulates glucocorticoid activity. This mechanism allows for the alteration of the normal level of follicular development by generating follicular anovulatory structures and/or follicular cysts and at the same time generating anestrus and others reproductive alterations in cattle.

Economic cost of follicular cysts in postpartum dairy cows / Costo económico por quistes foliculares en vacas lecheras posparto / Custo econômico por cistos foliculares em vacas leiteiras pós-parto

Follicular cysts represent a common reproductive pathology in dairy cows. Prevention and early detection are crucial to prevent economic loses from medical treatments and decreased milk production. Objective: to evaluate the economic loses attributed to follicular cysts on post-partum dairy cows. Methods: Medical treatments and milk production records were retrieved from a total of 950 cows at five different herds in the high plains of Antioquia. Usual treatment consisted of 1-3 doses of GnRH and PGF2 . A sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the cost per liter of milk produced depending on the response to treatment. Results and conclusion: The mean cost of milk production was 496 Colombian pesos/liter for cows free of cysts. This value increased 3.5, 13.3 and 33.8% for cystic cows that received one, two, or three hormonal treatments, respectively. Consequently, any measures aimed at reducing the incidence and rapid resolution of follicular cyst will result in substantial financial gains to the producer.

Considerando que los quistes foliculares son una patología reproductiva común en las vacas lecheras, y debido a que los costos asociados a tratamientos y bajas de producción suelen causar pérdidas económicas considerables, la prevención y el diagnóstico de éstos cobra un papel importante en la competitividad del productor. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de los quistes foliculares en vacas posparto sobre el costo económico de la producción de leche. Métodos: el estudio incluyó 950 vacas de cinco hatos ubicados en el municipio de San Pedro de los Milagros, altiplano norte del departamento de Antioquia. A las vacas diagnosticadas con quistes, se les aplicó de una a tres dosis de GnRH y PGF2 según su respuesta al tratamiento luteinizante. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad para evaluar el costo de producción del litro de leche bajo los posibles escenarios de intervalo entre partos (IEP), calculado en función de la respuesta al tratamiento. Resultado y conclusión: el costo unitario de producción de leche ascendió en promedio a 496 COP/litro para vacas que no presentan quistes, valor que se incrementó en 3.5, 13.3 y 33.8%, ya que se hizo necesario aplicar de una a tres repeticiones del tratamiento respectivamente, por la no resolución del quiste; este aumento en los costos demuestran la importancia de un diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno.

Considerando que os cistos foliculares são uma patologia reprodutiva comum na pecuária leiteira, e que os custos associados ao tratamento da doença e a diminuição da produção causam consideráveis perdas econômicas; a prevenção e o diagnóstico desta patologia têm um papel fundamental na competitividade do produtor. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito de cistos foliculares em vacas pós-parto sobre o custo econômico da produção leiteira. Métodos: 950 vacas foram estudadas em cinco rebanhos no município de San Pedro de los Milagros, planalto norte do departamento de Antioquia-Colômbia. Nas vacas que tinham cistos administrou-se de uma a três doses de GnRH e PGF2 segundo sua resposta ao tratamento luteinizante. Realizou-se uma análise de sensibilidade para avaliar o custo de produção do litro de leite, sob os possíveis cenários de intervalo entre partos (IEP), calculado em função da resposta ao tratamento. Resultados e conclusões: O custo unitário da produção de leite atingiu, em média, $496 COP (peso colombiano) por litro para as vacas que não têm cistos; o valor aumentou 3.5, 13.3 e 33.8%, quando se tornou necessário aplicar uma, duas ou três doses de GnRH e PGF2 . Estes aumentos nos custos demonstram a importância de um diagnostico e tratamento oportuno.

Vellus hair cysts presenting as an atypical acneiform eruption / Cisto de pelo velos apresentando-se como erupção acneiforme atípica

A 32-year-old male patient presented for 8 months an asymptomatic therapy-resistant acneiform eruption on his back and buttocks. Skin examination showed several inflammatory papules, which evolved to hyperpigmentation. At the same distribution non inflammatory papules, which resembled rice grains, were also observed. Light microscopy showed small keratin-filled cysts, with an epithelial multilayered wall, without granular layer. Keratin and some vellus hairs were identified inside the cyst, confirming the diagnosis of vellus hair cysts. Diagnosis of vellus hair cysts should be suspected in cases of multiple papules or therapy-resistant cases of acneiform eruptions.

Um paciente de 32 anos apresentou há 8 meses uma erupção acneiforme resistente à terapêutica, localizada no dorso e nádegas. Ao exame apresentava inúmeras pápulas inflamatórias, que evoluiam para hiperpigmentação. Na mesma distribuição havia lesões não inflamatórias, lembrando grão de arroz. A microscopia óptica demonstrou cisto dérmico cuja parede era de epitélio estratificado, sem camada granular, preenchido de queratina e com pelos no interior, confirmando o diagnóstico de cisto de pelo veloso. Essa entidade deve ser suspeitada em casos de múltiplas pápulas ou erupções acneiformes resistentes à terapia.

A Pigmented Follicular Cyst of the Axilla with Atypical Distribution / 대한피부과학회지

A pigmented follicular cyst typically presents as an asymptomatic, solitary papule on head and neck in adult men. The histologic features of pigmented follicular cysts are cross-sectioned, terminally-differentiated hair shafts in an epidermal cyst. There are no sebaceous lobules or other appendages within the wall or in close proximity. We herein report a case of pigmented follicular cyst of the axilla in a 31-year-old man.

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Bovine Follicular Cystic Ovaries

Follicular cystic ovary (FCO) is one of the most frequently diagnosed ovarian diseases and is a major cause of reproductive failure in mammalian species. However, the mechanism by which FCO is induced remains unclear. Genetic alterations which affect the functioning of many kinds of cells and/or tissues could be present in cystic ovaries. In this study, we performed a comparison analysis of gene expression in order to identify new molecules useful in discrimination of bovine FCO with follicular cystic follicles (FCFs). Normal follicles and FCFs were classified based on their sizes (5 to 10 mm and > or =25 mm). These follicles had granulosa cell layer and theca interna and the hormone 17beta-estradiol (E2)/ progesterone (P4) ratio in follicles was greater than one. Perifollicular regions including follicles were used for the preparation of RNA or protein. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) that showed greater than a 2-fold change in expression were screened by the annealing control primer (ACP)-based PCR method using GeneFishing(TM) DEG kits in bovine normal follicles and FCFs. We identified two DEGs in the FCFs: ribosomal protein L15 (RPL15) and microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) based on BLAST searches of the NCBI GenBank. Consistent with the ACP analysis, semi-quantitative PCR data and Western blot analyses revealed an up-regulation of RPL15 and a down-regulation of MAP1B in FCFs. These results suggest that RPL15 and MAP1B may be involved in the regulation of pathological processes in bovine FCOs and may help to establish a bovine gene data-base for the discrimination of FCOs from normal ovaries.

Quiste Folicular Inflamatorio: Revisión Bibliográfica y Reporte de Tres Casos Clínicos

El quiste folicular se ubica según la clasificación de la OMS como un quiste inflamatorio, siendo una patología poco frecuente. Se presenta en los niños entre los 5 a 12 años, es más frecuente en hombres y la zona anatómica más afectada es la región mandibular correspondiente a los premolares. La etiología, es inflamatoria ya que existe una progresión del proceso inflamatorio de los molares temporales tratados endodónticamente hacia el folículo del premolar. El tratamiento de ésta patología varía desde la extracción del diente temporal hasta un tratamiento más invasivo como la enucleación del quiste. La selección del tratamiento depende de diferentes factores como la edad del paciente, tamaño de la lesión, compromiso de estructuras adyacentes, ubicación del diente retenido etc. Generalmente el pronóstico es bueno. Se presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre el quiste folicular inflamatorio, y tres casos pediátricos. Se revisarán las características clínicas, imagenológicas, posibles diagnósticos diferenciales y el tratamiento.

The follicular cyst was classified by the OMS in 1992 as an inflammatory cyst. The prevalence is poor and may be encountered in patients between 5 and 12 years old. There is a male predilection and a higher prevalence in the mandibular premolars The pathogenesis is a result of the progression from a periapical inflammation from an overlying primary tooth that has been pulpotomized to the premolar follicle. The treatment for the follicular cyst varies from the extraction of the primary tooth to enucleation of the cyst. The selection of the treatment depends on the age of the patient, extension of the cyst, the compromise of the adjacent structures, location of the impacted tooth etc. Generally the prognosis is excellent. A review of the literature about the follicular cyst and three pediatric cases will be presented. The clinical and radiographic features, differential diagnosis and treatment will be discussed.

Primary failure of tooth eruption associated with secondarily inflamed dental follicle: inflammatory follicular cyst?

Primary failure of eruption represents a cessation of tooth eruption before emergence not due to a physical barrier or abnormal position and has no systemic cause. This failure of tooth eruption is rare phenomenon and it has not been associated with alterations of dental follicle. This case report describes a permanent right first molar with primary failure of eruption at the inferior border of the mandible presenting microscopic, clinical and radiographic findings compatible with follicular cystic lesion. The follicular tissues of this molar showed microscopic aspects of inflammation. Thus, pericoronal tissues surrounding long-term unerupted teeth with primary failure of eruption has potential to develop into odontogenic cysts. The lesion presented herein probably arose in association with a periodontal pocket mesial to the adjacent second molar, representing an atypical inflammatory follicular cyst. This case shares etiological, radiological and microscopic features with the usual form of the inflammatory follicular cyst associated with infected primary teeth, except for the infection pathways reaching the tooth follicle. The controversies regarding the terminology for this cyst are discussed.

A falha primária de erupção é caracterizada pelo não irrompimento de um dente sem que haja impedimento mecânico ou que o dente esteja em posição anormal ou devido à causas sistêmicas. É um fenômeno raro e não foi associado com alterações do folículo dentário. Este relato descreve um caso de falha primária de erupção de um primeiro molar inferior direito permanente, localizado na base da mandíbula, que apresenta achados clínicos, radiográficos e microscópicos compatíveis com cisto folicular. O folículo pericoronário deste molar apresentou aspectos microscópicos de inflamação. Assim como os tecidos pericoronários dos dentes não irrompidos, a longo prazo, os folículos pericoronários dos dentes com falha primária de irrompimento têm o potencial para desenvolver cistos odontogênicos. Esta lesão provavelmente surgiu em associação com uma bolsa periodontal na mesial do segundo molar adjacente, caracterizando um cisto folicular inflamatório atípico. Este caso apresenta características etiológicas, radiográficas e microscópicas comuns nos cistos foliculares inflamatórios associados a dentes decíduos infectados, com exceção das infecções que alcançam o folículo. São discutidas ainda as controvérsias relativas à terminologia deste cisto.

A Case of Congenital Eruptive Vellus Hair Cyst / 대한피부과학회지

An eruptive vellus hair cyst is an uncommon, benign, epithelial tumor with hair differentiation. Clinically, it presents as asymptomatic, flesh-colored to yellowish, follicular papules, 1 to 4 mm in diameter, most commonly on the chest. It is usually seen in children and young adults but may be congenital. Histologically, it shows a middermal cyst lined by squamous epithelium containing keratinous material and vellus hairs. It has a tendency to clear spontaneously but may be persistent. We report a case of congenital eruptive vellus hair cyst in an 11-year-old girl who presented multiple pinhead-sized brown to black papules on her anterior chest since birth.

A Case of Pigmented Follicular Cyst / 대한피부과학회지

Pigmented follicular cyst is a rare disorder which typically presents as a pigmented papule on the head or neck. Histologically, it exhibits terminally differentiated, pigmented hair shafts in an epidermoid cyst. It was described as a variant of epidermal cyst originating from the infundibular epidermis of pilosebaceous unit. We report a case of pigmented follicular cyst on the occipital scalp in a 7-year-old girl with typical histologic features.

A Case for Treatment of Precocious Pseudopuberty Associated with Follicular cyst / 대한산부인과학회잡지

Small follicular cysts are common findings in the ovaries of prepubertal girls, and in most cases, they are of no clinical importance. Ocassionally these cysts may enlarge and continue to produce estrogen, resulting in signs of precocious sexual development and vaginal bleeding. We have experienced a case of a precocious pseudopuberty causing ovarian follicular cyst which was treated by exploratory laparotomy. we present this case with a brief review of literatures

A Case of Autonomous Ovarian Cyst with Severe Vaginal Bleeding / 대한소아내분비학회지

Small ovarian cysts(<0.7 cm in diameter) are common in prepubertal children. Occasionally larger cysts occur in young girls with isosexual incomplete precocious puberty in the absence of LH and FSH elevation. The mechanism of production of these autonomous functioning cysts is unknown. A 3 year 6 month-old girl was referred to our department of pediatrics because of severe vaginal bleeding. On examination, she was tall and had breast enlargement of Tanner stage II. On hormonal study, FSH(0.38mIU/ml) was suppressed and estradiol(62.2pg/ml) was markedly elevated, and GnRH stimulation failed to evoke an increase in gonadotropin. Bone age was advanced. Pelvic ultrasonography showed both huge ovarian cysts. Brain MRI showed no abnormalities. We underwent both ovarian cystectomy and histological examination showed follicular cyst in left ovary and luteal cyst in right ovary. After ovarian cystectomy vaginal bleeding stopped and hormonal abnormalities were normalized. We report a case of autonomous ovarian cysts presenting severe vaginal bleeding treated with ovarian cystectomy.

A Case of Pigmented Follicular Cyst

We report a pigmented follicular cyst (PFC) in a 40-year-old male manifestated clinically as pigmented nevus. Histopathologic findings revealed an infundibular cyst in the mid dermis containing a small amount of keratinous material. The cystic wall consisted of four or five layers of squamous epithelium with a granular layer with abundant keratohyaline granules and the cyst wall contained one hair follicle. It must be differentiated from other pigmented lesions of over-lying skin such as eruptive vellus hair cyst, apocrine hydrocystoma and melanocytic nevus coexistance of an epidermoid cyst. Surgical excision and histopathological examination are necessary for an accurate diagnosis in pigmented lesions.