Association between family structure and food group intake in children

BACKGROUNDS/OBJECTOVES: Family has an impact on dietary intake of children as a proximal food environment and family structures are changing and becoming more diverse. This study was performed to identify the association between family structure and food group intake of children aged 3-18 years in Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,217 children with complete data on variables for household information, dietary intake and sampling weights were obtained from 2010-2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Children's family structure was classified into 3 groups (Living with both parents, Living with one parent and Living without parents). To evaluate children's food group intake, scores of individual food groups ('Grains', 'Meat, Fish, Eggs and Beans', 'Vegetables', 'Fruits' and 'Milk and Dairy products') was calculated from percent adherence to the recommended servings of the Korean Food Guidance System (KFGS). 'Food group mean score' was obtained by calculating the average of five food group scores. RESULTS: After adjusting for age, sex, number of family members, and household income, children living with both parents had higher scores in 'Fruits' (P < 0.01), 'Milk and Dairy products' (P < 0.05), and mean score of individual food group score (P < 0.001) compared to children living with one parent. Individual food group scores and mean scores of individual food group scores were associated with different socio-demographic factors in study children. Family structure was associated with 'Fruits,' 'Milk and Dairy products' score and mean scores of food group scores. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that different approach might be required to solve nutrition problem in children depending on their family structure and other socio-demographic factors.

Association between adherence to the Korean Food Guidance System and the risk of metabolic abnormalities in Koreans

Consumption of a diet consistent with dietary guidelines is believed to have a beneficial effect on the prevention of chronic diseases and the promotion of general health. This study was conducted to explore the relationship between adherence to the Korean Food Guidance System (KFGS), which was based on the 2010 revised KDRIs, and the risk of metabolic abnormalities. Five hundred and ninety-six Korean adults between 30 and 59 years of age were recruited by advertisement to the Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital (BJGH), and those not taking regular medications and without diagnoses of fulminant disease were included. Data were collected on anthropometric measurements, diagnostic parameters for metabolic syndrome (MetS), and 3-day dietary intakes from individuals in the study. The number of servings consumed from each food group was compared to the KFGS recommended servings for each of the 6 food groups. Poor adherence to the recommendations for servings of milk and dairy products (OR: 2.038, 1.128-3.682) was associated with a higher risk of MetS, and poor adherence to the guidelines for fruit consumption (OR: 1.849, 1.027-3.329) was associated with a higher risk for the existence an elevated waist circumference. Conversely, the consumption of meat, fish, eggs, and beans above the recommended number of servings was associated with a lower risk of having an elevated waist circumference (OR: 0.523, 0.288-0.950), and the consumption of vegetables above the recommended number of servings was associated with a reduced risk of having elevated fasting glucose (OR: 0.533, 0.298-0.954). These results suggest that adherence to the KFGS guidelines helps to prevent the development of MetS, but this association needs to be confirmed by prospective studies.

A pirâmide alimentar na orientação nutricional de indivíduos portadores de doenças cardiovasculares / The food pyramid in nutritional guidance of individuals affected by cardiovascular diseases

The chronic diseases, among them the cardiovascular ones, constitute main cause of death not only in Brazil but also over the world. Individualsattacked by this chronic disease, generally present increased body weight,associated to high serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL fraction as wellas triglycerides and glycemia, needing special care with individualized diets and specific food guidance. The present study had the intent to adjust the food pyramid to the reality of cardiovascular disease carriers. It was based on adjustment done by PHILIPPI et al,1999. Fifty individuals, both sexes,aged 31-60, affected by cardiovascular disease were accompanied, for subsequently elaboration of standard diets, hypo-caloric, with 1200 and 1600 kcal respectively, as well as determination of food portion numbers for the different groups in the pyramid. The caloric distribution of macronutrients proposed by National Research Council was applied. In addition, the foo drestriction observed for this specific group of individuals were highlighted.The portions and respective nutritional food values were calculated by "Virtual Nutri" software. The results constitute a practical guide to nutritional guidance for the individuals affected by cardiovascular disease

De la misma forma que ocurre en el resto del mundo, actualmente en Brasil las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, entre ellas las cardiovasculares, constituyen la principal causa de mortalidad en la población. Los individuos acometidos por esta enfermedad crónica, en general, presentan aumento del peso corporal ,asociado a elevadas tasas sanguíneas de colesterol total y de la fracción LDL, como también triglicéridos y glicemia, necesitando de cuidados especiales con dietas individualizadas y orientación alimentar específica. El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo adaptar la pirâmide alimentaria a la realidad de personas portadores de enfermedades cardiovasculares, basada en la adaptación realizada por PHILIPPI et al(1999). Se realizó una investigación con 50 individuos portadores de enfermedades cardiovasculares, de ambos sexos, con edades entre 31 e 60 años, para la posterior elaboración de dietas-padrón, hipocalóricas, conteniendo, respectivamente 1200 y 1600 Kcal, así como la determinación del número de raciones de alimentos para los diferentes grupos pertenecientes a esta pirámide. Se utilizó para la distribución de calorías de los macro nutrientes, la recomenda-da por National Research Council. También fueron destacadas las restricciones alimentares observadas para dicho grupo de individuos. Las raciones y respectivos valores nutritivos de los alimentos fueron calculados por el software "Virtual Nutri". La presentación de los resultados constituye una guía práctica para la orientación nutricional de los individuos portadores de enfermedades cardiovasculares

Atualmente no Brasil, assim como no mundo, as doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, entre elas as cardiovasculares constituem a principal causa de óbito. Os indivíduos acometidos por esta doença crônica, geralmente, apresentam peso corporal aumentado, associado a elevadas taxas sangüíneas de colesterol total e a fração LDL, como também triglicérides e glicemia, necessitando de cuidados especiais com dietas individualizadas e orientação alimentar específica. O presente estudo teve por objetivo adaptar a pirâmide alimentar a realidade de indivíduos portadores de doenças cardiovasculares, baseada na adaptação feita por Philippi et al (1999). Foram acompanhados 50 indivíduos portadores de doenças cardiovasculares, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 31 e 60 anos para a posterior elaboração de dietas-padrão,hipocalóricas, contendo, respectivamente 1200 e 1600 Kcal, bem como a determinação do número de porções de alimentos para os diferente grupos constantes na pirâmide. Utilizou-se a distribuição calórica dos macronutrientes propostas pelo National Research Council. Também foram destacadas as restrições alimentares observadas para este grupo específico de indivíduos.As porções e respectivos valores nutritivos dos alimentos foram calculados pelo software "Virtual Nutri". A apresentação dos resultados constitui um guia prático para a orientação nutricional dos indivíduos portadores de doenças cardiovasculares