Lymphocyte proliferative responses in dairy cows supplemented with an immunomodulatory feed additive and administered polyvalent vaccination / [Proliferação de linfócitos em vacas leiteiras suplementadas com um aditivo alimentar imunomodulador e vacinadas com vacina polivalente]

O presente estudo avaliou o efeito da suplementação com OmniGen-AF® na proliferação de linfócitos e títulos de anticorpos após vacinação em bovinos leiteiros. Amostras de sangue periférico foram coletadas de 32 vacas leiteiras para quantificação dos títulos de anticorpos anti-Leptospira, e amostras de sangue periférico de 16 vacas leiteiras foram também coletadas para avaliação da proliferação de linfócitos. Observou-se que a suplementação com OmniGen-AF® aumentou a proliferação basal de linfócitos (sem estímulos) 21 dias após a vacinação (P=0,03), apesar de reduzir a proliferação de linfócitos B quando estimulada com Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo inativada pelo calor (P=0,03). Ademais, nenhum efeito da suplementação sobre a proliferação de linfócitos no momento imediatamente anterior à vacinação e nos títulos de anticorpos anti-Leptospira foi encontrado. Além disso, a proliferação de linfócitos estimulada com lipopolissacarídeos foi maior em vacas multíparas que em primíparas 21 dias após a vacinação (P=0,03). Desse modo, o presente estudo demonstra que a suplementação com OmniGen-AF® não afetou de forma robusta a proliferação de linfócitos e os títulos de anticorpos anti-Leptospira após vacinação em vacas leiteiras sadias.(AU)

Impact Study of Institutional Food Supplementation on Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children

Aims: To assess the Nutritional status of urban and semi-urban pre-school children of Dharwad, at baseline and after institutional supplementation. Study Design: Nutritional status of the pre-school children was assessed based on anthropometry and clinical examination. Urban pre-school children were treated as control and semi-urban pre-school children were supplemented with institutional food for three months (experimental). Nutritional status were measured before and after institutional food supplementation. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Community Science, University of Agricultural Science, Dharwad, Karnataka, India. The experiment was conducted between July 2017 and July 2018. Methodology: A sample size of 100 pre-school children (3-6 years) were selected, out of which, 50 children from urban and another 50 children from semi-urban school were randomly selected from Dharwad district. Nutritional status of the pre-school children was assessed based on anthropometry and clinical examination. Nutritional status were measured before and after institutional food supplementation, in both schools. Results: Results revealed that, at baseline nutritional status were higher in urban pre-school children compare to semi-urban pre-school children, but after supplementing with the institutional food, significant improvement in anthropometric measurements were observed in semi-urban group and they were on par with the urban children in terms of nutritional status. Conclusion: The weight for age is an indicator of current nutritional status, whereas height for age is an indicator of past nutritional status, so height improvement was observed in urban group and weight improvement was observed in semi-urban group. Finally concluded that food intervention can go long way in changing the current malnutrition scenario.

In Vitro Release Study of Freeze-Dried and Oven-Dried Microencapsulated Kenaf Seed Oil

Protein malnutrition is a major concern in Bangladesh where there is a high dependence on cereal-based diets. Use of protein-calorie sources of plants like soybean and mushroom as a dietary supplement may provide a solution. This study was designed to formulate a high protein and fibre enriched soy-mushroom health drink powder, and to compare its nutritional contents with locally available health drink powders. Methods: Soy-mushroom health drink powder was developed mainly from soy flour, mushroom, germinated wheat flour, malt extract and milk powder. Three locally available health drink powders were randomly selected. Proximate and microbiological analyses and sensory evaluation were undertaken by standard methods. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre, carbohydrate and energy contents of the developed soy-mushroom health drink powder ranged from 3.04-3.96%, 3.23-7.4%, 8.98-21.37%, 1.10-10.13%, 0.04%-1.50%, 59.93-81.58% and 363.54-416.40 kcal/100g, respectively. The soy-mushroom product had the highest content of protein, fibre, energy and the lowest content of carbohydrate compared to the other health drink powders. Based on sensory analysis, the soy-mushroom product showed high acceptability. Microbiological assessment showed the shelf life of this product to be one year. Conclusion: The soy-mushroom health drink powder was nutritionally superior to locally available health drink powders and could serve as a nutritional supplement.

Formulation of a Protein and Fibre Enriched Soy-Mushroom Health Drink Powder Compared to Locally Available Health Drink Powders

Protein malnutrition is a major concern in Bangladesh where there is a high dependence on cereal-based diets. Use of protein-calorie sources of plants like soybean and mushroom as a dietary supplement may provide a solution. This study was designed to formulate a high protein and fibre enriched soy-mushroom health drink powder, and to compare its nutritional contents with locally available health drink powders. Methods: Soy-mushroom health drink powder was developed mainly from soy flour, mushroom, germinated wheat flour, malt extract and milk powder. Three locally available health drink powders were randomly selected. Proximate and microbiological analyses and sensory evaluation were undertaken by standard methods. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The moisture, ash, protein, fat, fibre, carbohydrate and energy contents of the developed soy-mushroom health drink powder ranged from 3.04-3.96%, 3.23-7.4%, 8.98-21.37%, 1.10-10.13%, 0.04%-1.50%, 59.93-81.58% and 363.54-416.40 kcal/100g, respectively. The soy-mushroom product had the highest content of protein, fibre, energy and the lowest content of carbohydrate compared to the other health drink powders. Based on sensory analysis, the soy-mushroom product showed high acceptability. Microbiological assessment showed the shelf life of this product to be one year. Conclusion: The soy-mushroom health drink powder was nutritionally superior to locally available health drink powders and could serve as a nutritional supplement.

A conduta dietoterápica no tratamento da doença do refluxo gastroesofágico: relato de caso / Dietary conduct in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: case report

A doença do refluxo gastroesofágico é causada pela redução da pressão do esfíncter esofágico inferior e pode ser agravado por fracionamento inadequado da dieta e pela produção de espécies reativas ao oxigênio. Os tratamentos medicamentosos e cirúrgicos se destacam, contudo, existem opções de terapêutica não farmacológica, como as vitaminas e minerais com funções antioxidantes, atuam como adjuvantes neste tipo de tratamento. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as funções das vitaminas e minerais suplementados junto à dieta fracionada, prescritas a uma paciente de cirurgia de hérnia de hiato, e a diminuição do quadro de esofagite. A paciente chegou com quadro de esofagite de refluxo, disfagia, dores na região gástrica e distensão abdominal. Como conduta foi adotada a suplementação com piridoxina 30mg, zinco quelato 20 mg e ácido pantotênico 20 mg e vitamina C revestida 200 mg, assim como aumento do fracionamento da dieta, refletindo na redução do volume das refeições para amenizar desconfortos gástricos. O fracionamento adequado da dieta, a redução do volume das refeições e a suplementação atuam de maneira eficaz na melhoria do quadro da DRGE. Cabe destacar que é papel do nutricionista garantir a adesão do paciente ao tratamento para não haver recidivas de sintomas.

The gastroesophageal reflux disease is caused by the reduction of the pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter and could be aggravated by inadequate division of the diet and by the production of species that are reactive to oxygen. Medical and surgical treatments are emphasized, but there are also non-pharmacological therapeutic options, such as vitamins and minerals with antioxidant function, acting as adjuvants in this kind of treatment. Therefore, this paper has the purpose of assessing the functions of supplemented vitamin and minerals with a fractionated diet, prescribed to a surgical patient with hiatal hernia, and the reduction of esophagitis. The patient arrived complaining of esophagitis reflux, dysphagia, pain in the gastric region and abdominal distension. Supplementation with 30mg pyridoxine, 20mg zinc chelate and 20mg pantothenic acid was prescribed as treatment, as well as 200mg coated vitamin C tablet, as well as increasing the diet division to reflect the reduction of meal volumes to sooth gastric discomforts. The appropriate fragmentation of the diet, the reduction of meal volumes and the supplementation were effective to improve the GERD condition. It is important to mention that the role of the nutritionist is to ensure the patient adheres to the treatment in order to prevent symptom relapse.

A randomized controlled trial on the efficacy and safety of a modified ready to use therapeutic food among malnourished children

RATIONALE: In the Philippines, 25% of children OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy, safety and acceptability of a modified RUTF (mRUTF) to supplement caloric intake. METHOD: One hundred (100) children 18 months to 10 years old with mild to moderate malnutrition were randomized to either mRUTF or control group. The treatment arm received mRUTF during weekdays for 5 weeks while controls had no supplementation. Anthropometric measurements were taken at baseline, weekly for 5 weeks and 2 weeks post-supplementation. RESULTS: The two groups were comparable at baseline. At five weekly intervals, there was no significant difference in weight, height and mid upper arm circumference between groups, although the mean percentage weight gain of the mRUTF group was higher compared with controls (8% vs 2.6%, p=0.15). Cessation of supplementation resulted in weight loss in the mRUTF group. [mRUTF: -0.40 (0.33) vs -0.03 (0.35), p=0.00]. The taste of mRUTF was acceptable. CONCLUSION: Ready-to-use-therapeutic food is an effective, safe and acceptable alternative supplement for children, 18 months to 10 years old, with mild to moderate malnutrition.

Avaliação da efetividade de programa governamental de distribuição de leite fortificado no crescimento de crianças de 6 a 24 meses de famílias de baixa renda, residentes no interior do Estado de São Paulo / Evaluation the effectiveness of a state-run food supplementation program for child growth according to childrens nutritional status at enrollment

Introdução: A avaliação dos resultados de políticas públicas de suplementação alimentar em condições reais de sua operacionalização (efetividade) é um instrumento imprescindível para área de saúde pública. Objetivos: Avaliar a efetividade de programa governamental de suplementação alimentar no crescimento de crianças, segundo o estado nutricional ao ingressar. Métodos: Estudo de coorte com dados secundários de 25.433 crianças de baixa renda com idade entre 6 a 24 meses que ingressaram em programa de distribuição de leite fortificado "Projeto Vivaleite" de 2003 a 2008, em 311 municípios do Estado de São Paulo. O crescimento foi medido por meio dos valores de escore z de peso para idade (PI), calculados pelo padrão OMS/2006, obtidos, na rotina do programa, ao ingressar e a cada 4 meses durante a permanência. Os critérios de inclusão foram ter idade ao ingressar entre 6 a 24 meses, ter pelo menos duas pesagens, incluindo a obtida na entrada, e não ter relatos de problemas de saúde. As crianças foram divididas em três grupos de escore z ao entrar: sem comprometimento de peso (z> -1); risco de baixo peso (-2 ≤z< -1) e baixo peso (z<-2). Utilizou-se regressão linear multinível (modelo misto), permitindo a comparação, em cada idade, das médias ajustadas do escore z de ingressantes e participantes há pelo menos quatro meses, ajustadas para correlação entre medidas repetidas. Resultados: Verificou-se efeito positivo do Programa no ganho de peso das crianças, variando em função do estado nutricional ao ingressar; para as que entraram sem comprometimento de peso o ganho médio ajustado foi 0,1827 escore z, entre as que entraram com risco de baixo peso foi 0,5659 e entre as ingressantes com baixo peso foi 1,0049 escore z. Conclusões: O programa é efetivo para o crescimento infantil, medido pelo escore z PI, com efeito mais pronunciado entre as crianças que entram no programa em condições menos favoráveis de peso.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a state-run food supplementation program for child growth according to childrens nutritional status at enrollment. METHODS: Cohort study including secondary data of 25,433 low-income children aged between 6 and 24 months enrolled in a fortified milk program "Projeto Vivaleite" in 311 cities in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, between 2003 and 2008. Children's growth was assessed based on weight-for-age (WA) z-scores, estimated following WHO criteria (2006). Data was routinely collected at the program enrollment and every 4 months. Inclusion criteria were: being 6 to 24 months of age at enrollment; having at least two weight measures including the first measure at enrollment; and not having any ill health conditions. At enrollment, children were categorized into three groups based on their z-scores: no compromised weight gain (z> 1); at risk of low weight (-2 ≤z< -1), and low weight (z< -2). Multilevel linear regression analysis (mixed model) was performed for comparison, considering age, of adjusted average z-scores between new children enrolled and those in the program for at least four months, adjusted for correlation between repeat measures. RESULTS: The program had a positive effect on children's weight gain. Based on their nutritional status at enrollment, adjusted average weight gain z-score was 0,1827 in children with compromised weight gain, 0,5659 in those at risk of low weight, and 1,0049 in those with low weight. CONCLUSIONS: The milk program is effective for child growth, as measured by WA z-scores. The most pronounced effect was seen among children who showed less favorable levels of weight at enrollment.

Efeito da suplementação de ß-caroteno sintético no DNA e no metabolismo de células hepáticas de ratos recebendo etanol / Effect of synthetic ß-carotene supplementattion in the DNA and metabolism of hepatic cells of rats receiving ethanol

A suplementação de ß-caroteno em fumantes e alcoólatras pode promover efeitos indesejáveis, manifestando a característica pró-oxidante deste carotenóide. Sabendo que o fígado é principal órgão de armazenamento de vitamina A e ß-caroteno, e local de oxidação do etanol, o presente estudo buscou investigar no fígado de ratos, a influência da suplementação de ß-caroteno isolado ou associado ao etanol, sobre o metabolismo celular, danos no DNA, proliferação celular e função da proteína p53. Os ratos receberam dietas líquidas contendo ß-caroteno (24mg/L dieta) com (GAB) ou sem (GBC) a adição de etanol (36 porcento da calorias totais da dieta) e dieta líquida normal (isenta de ß-caroteno e etanol) (GDN), durante seis semanas de período experimental...

ß-carotene, when supplemented in smokers and alcohol drinkers may act as prooxidant, resulting in undesirable effects. The liver is the ß-carotene and vitamin A main storage organ and where ethanol oxidation takes place. This study investigated in rats' liver, the influence of ß-carotene supplementation either alone or associated with ethanol in cellular metabolism, DNA damage, cellular proliferation and p53 protein function. Three groups of 12 rats received liquid diets containing ß-carotene (24mg/L diet) with (BAG) or without (CBG) ethanol (36% of total energy intake). Control animals received liquid diet free of ethanol and ß-carotene (NDG). After 6 weeks the animals were sacrificed for hepatic and plasma concentrations of ß-carotene, retinol, palmitate retinyl, steatosis, GSH and TBARS, DNA damage, PCNA and p53 expression were evaluated in the liver. Differences were significant for hepatic (BAG: 2.49 ± 0.25; CBG: 4.22 ± 0.24; NDG: 2.83 ± 0.21 mg/g) and plasmatic (BAG: 1.42 ± 0.12; CBG: 0.69 ± 0.06; NDG: 2,37 ± 0,28mmol/L) retinol and hepatic palmitate retinyl (BAG: 40.87 ± 3.98; CBG: 83.72 ± 6.00; NDG: 46.33 ± 3.60), steatosis (BAG: 2.30 ± 0.21; CBG: 1.00 ± 0.00; NDG: 1.00 ± 0.00), DNA damage (BAG: 285.90 ± 15.20; CBG: 273.83 ± 13.39; NDG: 138.00 ±4.04 DNA damages/100 hepatocytes) and PCNA expression (BAG: 7.12 ± 1.46; CBG: 1.47 ± 0.27; NDG: 2.04 ± 0.31) among the groups (p<0.05). Hepatic and plasmatic concentrations of ßcarotene, TBARS and GSH were not statistically different. p53 staining was not detected in any group. This suggests that ß-carotene alone or with ethanol association does not influence lipid peroxidation and p53 expression. ß-carotene+ethanol caused metabolic alteration, steatosis, DNA damage and cellular proliferation in hepatocytes. Furthermore, supplementation with ß-carotene alone had genotoxic effects in the liver.