Research progress of pretreatment technology for mycotoxin detection in Chinese materia medica and complex matrices / 中国中药杂志

In the processes of planting, harvest, transport and storage, improper treatment of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and foodstuffs and agricultural products will result in fungal growth and mycotoxins contamination, which will not only directly affect the quality, safety and efficacy of these complex matrices, but also seriously threaten the consumers' health and lives. Therefore, the establishment of high-throughout analytical methods with high sensitivity for the determination of mycotoxins in CMM and foodstuffs and agricultural products at trace levels will provide reliable references for reducing the risk of mycotoxin exposure in humans. Due to the matrix complexity of CMM and foodstuffs and agricultural products, highly-effective pretreatment technologies are necessary for the establishment of such analytical techniques. In this review, the current extraction and purification methods commonly used for the detection of mycotoxins were summarized, the importance of pretreatment techniques for the precise quantification of mycotoxins in complex matrices such as Chinese herbal medicines was highlighted, as well as the development tendency about the pretreatment techniques for mycotoxins in complex matrices in the future was proposed.

Review Of Modern Methods To Determine Antioxidant Capacities In Foodstuffs / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Abstract: The beneficial influence of many foodstuffs and beverages including fruits, vegetables, tea, red wine, coffee, and cacao on human health has been recently recognized to originate from the chain-breaking antioxidant activity of natural polyphenols, significant constituent of the above products. Therefore antioxidants have received increasing attention within biological, medical, nutritional, and agrochemical fields and resulted in the requirement of simple, convenient, and reliable antioxidant capacity determination methods. Many methods which differ from each other in terms of reaction mechanisms, oxidant and target/probe species, reaction conditions, and expression of results have been developed and tested in the literature. In this review, the methods most widely used for the determination of antioxidant capacity are evaluated, presenting the general principals, recent applications, and their strengths and limitations. Conclusion: In this review, numerous antioxidant capacity methods, which differ from each other in terms of reaction mechanisms, oxidant and target/probe species, reaction conditions, and expression of results. It is important that analysis conditions, substrate, and concentration of antioxidants should simulate real food or biological systems. The total antioxidant capacity value should include assays applicable to both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidants and regards the similarity and differences of both HAT and ET. The assays including various ROS/RNS such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen, peroxynitrite, nitric oxide, nitric dioxide have to be designed to comprehensively evaluate the antioxidant capacity of a sample.

Preferencia de carne bovina con diferentes tipos de modificaciones genéticas en temuco, región de la Araucanía, Chile / Preference for Beef With Different Types of Genetic Modification in Temuco, La Araucanía Region, Chile

Considerando que las actitudes respecto a la biotecnología dependen del organismo sobre el cual se aplica y del tipo de modificación realizada se determinó la importancia del tipo de modificación genética (MG) en la compra de carne bovina en consumidores de Temuco (Región de La Araucanía, Chile) en diferentes segmentos de mercado, mediante una encuesta a 400 personas. Utilizando análisis de conjunto se determinó que el tipo de MG fue más importante que el precio en la compra (66,2 y 33,8%; respectivamente). Mediante análisis de conglomerados jerárquicos se distinguieron dos segmentos principales con diferencias significativas en la importancia de estos atributos. El segmento mayoritario (63,8%) dio alta importancia al tipo de MG, el segundo segmento (28,2%) atribuyó mayor importancia al precio, pero los consumidores de ambos segmentos prefirieron carne de un animal sin MG o de un animal con MG para disminuir el contenido de colesterol y rechazaron la carne de un animal alimentado con granos MG o de animales con MG para reducir el costo de alimentación. Los segmentos presentaron diferencias según el tamaño del grupo familiar, frecuencia de consumo de carne bovina y estilo de vida. Es posible concluir que la ausencia de MG en carne bovina es una condición deseable para los consumidores de Temuco, sin embargo, la totalidad de la muestra encuestada se muestra positiva hacia la carne de un animal MG que presente beneficios para la salud y el 8% acepta carne de un animal alimentado con granos MG.

Considering that attitudes to biotechnology depend on the organism to which it is applied and the type of modification made, a survey was carried out on 400 persons to determine the importance of the type of genetic modification (GM) in the purchase of beef by consumers in Temuco (La Araucanía Region, Chile) in different market segments. Using conjoint analysis it was determined that the type of GM was more important than the price in the purchase decision (66.2 and 33.8%, respectively). Two principal segments were identified by analysis of hierarchical conglomerates, with significant differences in the importance of these attributes. The majority segment (63.8%) attached great importance to the type of GM, the second segment (28.2%) attributed more importance to the price, however consumers of both segments preferred meat from an animal without GM or one with GM to reduce the cholesterol content, and rejected meat from an animal fed with GM grain or subjected to GM to reduce feeding costs. The segments presented differences related to the size of the family group, frequency of beef consumption and life-style. It may be concluded that the absence of GM in beef is a desirable condition for the consumers of Temuco, however the whole sample responded positively to meat from a GM animal which presents health benefits and 8% accept meat from an animal which has been fed with GM grain.

Simultaneous Determination of 76 Veterinary Drug Residues in Foodstuffs of Animal Origin by Solid Phase Extraction-Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

A method based on solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the simultaneous determination of 76 veterinary drugs in foodstuffs of animal origin was presented. The residues derived from pork, shrimp, milk, liver and egg were extracted by acetonitrile combined with citrate buffer containing magnesium cation. The extracts were distilled and redissolved with citrate buffer followed by a further cleanup procedure using polymer connected with cation exchange SPE column. The residues retained in column were rinsed with methanol and mixture of methanol and ammonium hydroxide(95∶ 5, V/V). Sample matrix-matched calibration was used to determine the residue contents by external standard. The method provided a LOQ of 0.5 μg/kg(β-agonist and triphenylmethane), 1.0 μg/kg(benzodiazepine and nitroimdazole), 5.0 μg/kg(benzimidazole) and 20.0 μg/kg(sulfanilamide), linear relationship more than 0.907 and a recovery ranged from 59.4% to 115.3% with a RSD between 2.6% and 27.3% in sample matrix. The practical inspection using the method offered two positive samples for ractopamine and diazepam with a residual concentration of 0.92 and 6.5 μg/kg.