Study on HPLC Fingerprints of Zhuang and Yao Medicine Lespedeza formosa Based on Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish HPLC fingerprint of Zhuang and Yao medicine Lespedeza formosa， and to provide reference for quality control of L. formosa from different producing areas. METHODS： Totally 10 batches of samples were collected from 5 producing areas as Guangxi Nanning， Guilin， Wuzhou and so on. HPLC fingerprints was established and similarity analysis was carried out by using “Similarity evaluation system of TCM chromatographic fingerprint” （2012 edition） software. The determination was performed on Inertsil ODS-3 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.2％ phosphoric acid solution （gradient elution） at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 350 nm， and the column temperature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. Common peaks were identified by comparing substance control. Cluster analysis and principal compoent analysis were performed by using IBM SPSS 21.0 statistical software. RESULTS： HPLC fingerprint was established， and 12 common peaks were calibrated. 3 common peaks were identified （common peak 8， 10， 11 were chafotalin， vitexin and isovitexin）. The similarity of 10 batches of samples were all higher than 0.9. Through cluster analysis， 10 batches of medicinal materials could be clutered into 2 groups. According to the principal component analysis， the cumulative variance contribution rate of the two principal component factors was 86.108％ （contribution rates of first principal components and second principal components were 66.891％ and 19.217％）. CONCLUSIONS： HPLC fingerprint of L. formosa is established successfully. The method is simple and easy to use， provides a reliable evalution method for quality control of L. formosa.

Chemical constituents from roots of Pieris formosa and their bioactivity / 中国中药杂志

By the means of chromatographic methods and spectroscopic evidences, 7 diterpenoids were isolated and identified from the roots of Pieris formosa. These known compounds are elucidated as secorhodomollolide C(1), pierisoid B (2), secorhodomollolide B (3), secorhodomollolide A (4), pierisformotoxin G (5), pierisformotoxin B (6) and pierisformotoxin A (7). Compounds 3, 4 were obtained from this plant for the first time. The analgesic activities of compounds 1-7 were evaluated using an acetic acidinduced writhing test in mice. Compounds 3, 4, 6, and 7 exhibited significant analgesic activity at 5 mg·kg;⁻ (ip) compared to vehicle-injected mice (<0.05). The writhe inhibition rates of compounds 3, 4, 6 and 7 at 5 mg·kg⁻¹ (ip) were 41.3%, 39.4%, 38.6% and 37.5%, respectively.

Etnobotánica histórica de las misiones franciscanas del este de Formosa II: Identificación y análisis de datos inéditos y reelaboración integral de fuentes ya publicadas a partir de hallazgos documentales / Historical ethnobotany of the Franciscan missions of the East of Formosa II: Identification and analysis of unpublished data and integral reworking of sources already published from documentary findings

En el Museo de Farmacobotánica "Juan Aníbal Domínguez" de la Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica de la Universidad de Buenos Aires fueron halladas varias fuentes documentales con información etnobotánica recopilada entre los indígenas qom de la reducción San Francisco de Laishí de la provincia de Formosa, durante el año 1924. Estas incluían 6 libretas de campo, un herbario de 177 ejemplares y muestras vegetales. Se comparan en este trabajo las identificaciones botánicas que se efectuaron sobre este material respaldatorio así como cada uno de los datos de etnobotánica médica de los qom orientales allí consignados con los publicados en la obra de Franzè (1925) "Erbe Medicinali del Chaco". Se efectúa, además, un análisis descriptivo y etnobotánico histórico de todos los datos registrados por los misioneros franciscanos encontrados hasta la fecha. Se registró un total de 512 datos etnobotánicos, de los cuales el 52 % (267) corresponden a datos inéditos. La mayoría (90 %) de los datos registrados (461) corresponden al uso medicinal de 167 especies vegetales. Se identifican 14 especies vegetales nuevas para la provincia de Formosa, 5 plantas alimenticias novedosas para las etnias del Gran Chaco y la primera documentación del empleo de un ictiotóxico vegetal para estos grupos humanos. Este trabajo constituye la mayor contribución a la etnobotánica médica de los qom, publicado hasta el momento, en términos de número de datos. Por último, se discute la influencia que los misioneros religiosos han plasmado sobre los conocimientos etnobotánicos de los qom actuales. (AU)

Epidemiología de la brucelosis caprina y ovina en la provincia de Formosa, Argentina / Epidemiology of caprine and ovine brucellosis in Formosa province, Argentina

Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico de brucelosis en 516 majadas caprinas o mixtas (caprinos/ovinos) de las 3 regiones agroecológicas de la provincia de Formosa, Argentina. Mediante las pruebas de aglutinación en placa con antígeno tamponado y de fijación del complemento en suero se estudiaron un total de 25.401 caprinos y 2.453 ovinos. Además, se realizaron cultivos bacteriológicos y PCR en muestras de leche de cabras de 3 majadas con brucelosis y abortos recientes. Se detectó brucelosis en 4 de los 9 departamentos de la provincia, la prevalencia global fue del 2 % y la intrapredial varió entre el 1 y el 40%. La proporción de majadas positivas fue del 3,6, el 12 y el 36 % para las regiones este, centro y oeste, respectivamente. Se aisló Brucella melitensis bv. 1 de cabras por primera vez en la provincia. La PCR amplificó fragmentos esperados de 827 pb correspondiente al gen omp2ab (Brucella spp.) y de 731 pb correspondiente al inserto IS711 (B. melitensis). La detección de anticuerpos en ovinos que cohabitan con caprinos sugiere que las infecciones habrían sido causadas por B. melitensis, lo que constituye un riesgo adicional para la salud pública. Los programas de control y erradicación de la brucelosis deberían considerar las majadas mixtas como una sola unidad epidemiológica. Los resultados indican que la brucelosis por B. melitensis bv. 1 es altamente endémica en las regiones centro y oeste de la provincia de Formosa.

An epidemiological study of brucellosis was carried out in 516 goats and mixed flocks (goat/sheep) from the three agro-ecological regions of Formosa province, Argentina. Serum samples from a total of 25401 goats and 2453 sheeps were analyzed using buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT) and complement fixation test (CFT). Bacteriological and PCR analyses on milk samples from goats in three flocks with a history of brucellosis and recent abortions were also performed. Brucellosis was detected in four of the nine departments of the province with an overall prevalence of 2 % and an intra-flock prevalence ranging between 1 % and 40 %. The proportion of infected flocks was 3.6 %, 12 % and 36 % for the eastern, central and western regions, respectively. Brucella melitensis bv. 1 was isolated efrom goats for the first time in the province. The expected fragments of 827 bp from the omp2ab gene (Brucella spp.) and 731 bp from the insert IS711 (B. melitensis) were amplified by PCR. Detection of antibodies by BPAT and FCT in sheep cohabiting with goats suggests that infections could have been caused by B. melitensis, posing an additional risk to public health. Control and eradication programs for brucellosis should consider mixed flocks as a single epidemiological unit. The results indicate that brucellosis by B. melitensis bv1 is highly endemic in the central and western regions of Formosa province.

Distribución de Lutzomyia longipalpis en el Chaco Argentino, 2010 / Distribution of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the Chaco region, Argentina, 2010

El riesgo de leishmaniasis visceral (LV) urbana epidémica se registró por primera vez en la Argentina en el año 2004, por presencia del vector Lutzomyia longipalpis en la provincia de Formosa, la provincia de Misiones registra casos de LV humana, LV canina y vector en el año 2006, y la provincia de Corrientes en el verano 2008-2009. En la provincia de Santiago del Estero los casos de LV humana y LV canina en el año 2008 estuvieron asociados posiblemente a vectores secundarios. Por ello, para conocer la distribución del riesgo en la región del Chaco, entre enero y abril del 2010 se realizó la búsqueda sistemática del vector de LV en 30 localidades de las provincias de Formosa, Chaco y en la ciudad de Reconquista, Santa Fe (224 trampas/noche). Se comprobó la presencia de Lu. longipalpis, por primera vez, en las localidades de Resistencia y Puerto Antequera (Chaco). En Clorinda y Puerto Pilcomayo (Formosa) se obtuvieron las trampas con más ejemplares, 158 y 241 Lu. longipalpis trampa/sitio/noche respectivamente. Los resultados muestran que el vector de la LV urbana epidémica continúa dispersándose en el territorio argentino, habiendo ingresado a la provincia de Chaco. La notificación de casos esporádicos en la región chaqueña, transmitidos por vectores secundarios, como Lu. migonei, podría aumentar también debido a la vigilancia intensificada, y a la dispersión del parásito asociada al tránsito de perros infectados, sintomáticos o asintomáticos.

The appearance of the vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) Lutzomyia longipalpis in the province of Formosa in 2004 was associated with urban epidemic risk for the first time in Argentina. During 2006, vectors, canine and human cases of VL were reported in the province of Misiones, and in summer 2008-2009, in the province of Corrientes. In Santiago del Estero province in 2008, cases of human and canine VL were associated with secondary vectors. Therefore, with the aim to know the current distribution of VL risk in the Chaco region, systematic captures of the vector were performed between January and April 2010 in 30 localities of Formosa and Chaco, and in the city of Reconquista, province of Santa Fe (224 traps/night). Lu. longipalpis was reported for the first time in the cities of Resistencia and Puerto Antequera (Chaco). Clorinda and Puerto Pilcomayo (Formosa) are the localities where the traps with more individuals were obtained, 158 and 241 Lu. longipalpis trap / site / night respectively. These results showed that the vector of urban epidemic VL is still spreading in Argentina, and already reached the province of Chaco. Sporadic cases reported in the Chaco region, transmitted by secondary vectors as Lu. migonei would also increase due to intensified surveillance, and the dispersion of the parasite associated with the transit of asymptomatic or symptomatic infected dogs.

Paracoccidioidomicosis en la Provincia de Formosa, Argentina / Paracoccidioidomycosis in Formosa province (Argentina)

Durante 2 años, en un estudio de corte trasversal, se estudiaron los pacientes con síntomas compatibles con paracoccidioidomicosis (PCM) que concurrieron al Hospital Central de Formosa. Se seleccionaron 335 enfermos, de los cuales 264 eran varones y 71 mujeres, con edades comprendidas entre los 25 y los 79 años. Se hizo diagnóstico de PCM en 24 pacientes, obteniéndose una prevalencia de 7,16%. Hubo un solo caso femenino. La mayoría (83%) de los pacientes había consumido tabaco por un tiempo mayor a 10 años, el 96% pertenecía al área rural y el 63% de ellos refería una ingesta elevada de alcohol. Se detectaron también un caso de PCM infanto-juvenil y uno de neuroparacoccidioidomicosis. El 100% de las muestras de lesiones muco-cutáneas de pacientes con PCM estudiadas fue positivo. El estudio serológico por inmunodifusión en gel de agar (IDGA) permitió el diagnóstico en 22/249 pacientes estudiados. La PCM es endémica en la provincia de Formosa donde coexiste con otras afecciones con manifestaciones semejantes, por lo que se debe realizar siempre el diagnóstico diferencial.

Patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) compatible symptoms who attended Hospital Central de Formosa, were studied during 2 years. Three hundred and thirty five patients were selected, 264 male and 71 female, ages were between 25 and 79 years old. Twenty four patients were diagnosed, the prevalence observed was 7.16%. There was only one female positive case. Most patients (83%) had smoked for more than 10 years, 96% came from a rural area and 63% was alcoholic. Also a case of neuroparacoccidioidomycosis and a juvenile-type PCM case were detected. Specimens of mucocutaneous lesions were 100% positives. Immunodiffusion (IDGA) allowed the diagnostic in 22/249 patients. PCM and others infectious diseases with similar clinical manifestations coexist in Formosa province, for this reason differential diagnostic must be done.

Estudo farmacobotânico das folhas de Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum. (Rubiaceae) / Pharmacobotanical study of the leaves of Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K.Schum. (Rubiaceae)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo um estudo farmacobotânico das folhas de Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum., espécie usada na medicina popular do Nordeste do Brasil no tratamento das dores reumáticas. Realizaram-se estudos morfológicos para a identificação da espécie e para a morfodiagnose macroscópica. Cortes paradérmicos e transversais do pecíolo e da lâmina foliar, à mão livre, foram corados com safranina ou com uma mistura de safranina e azul de astra para a morfodiagnose microscópica. A lâmina foliar é subcoriácea, oblongo-lanceolada a elíptica, densamente tomentosa na face abaxial. T. formosa possui folhas hipoestomáticas, com estômatos do tipo paracítico; epiderme unisseriada com células de paredes poligonais; mesofilo dorsiventral com idioblastos cristalíferos, esparsos, isolados ou aos pares, no estrato superior do parênquima paliçádico; tricomas simples são evidentes na epiderme, em ambas faces. A vascularização é formada por dois feixes assessórios na posição adaxial e um feixe central em arco com as terminações invaginadas, na porção proximal do pecíolo, ou em forma de "V-fechado" na porção distal e na nervura principal. A morfologia das estruturas vegetativas e reprodutivas associada à anatomia do mesofilo e do sistema vascular, em conjunto, são caracteres distintivos para esta espécie.

This work constitutes a pharmacobotanical study of Tocoyena formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) K. Schum., a species used in folk medicine for rheumatic pains in Northeastern Brazil. The botanical identification and macroscopical morphodiagnosis were carried out by morphological studies. The microscopical morphodiagnosis were realized byparadermic and transversal cuts of the leaves (blades and petiole) and stained with safranin or mixture of safranin and astrablue. The blade leaf is subcoriaceous and oblong-lanceolate to elliptic, densely tomentose in the abaxial surface. T. formosa has hypostomatic leaves with stomata of the paracitic type; unisseriate epidermis with polygonal cells; the mesophyll is dorsiventral and the parenchyma palisade has sparse idioblasts crystallifer, isolated or paired; trichomes simple were evident in the epidermis of both faces. The vascular system was formed by two accessories bundles in the adaxial surface and by one central vascular bundle in arc with invaginate extremities on the proximal portion of petiole, and in shape of "V-closed" on distal portion of the petiole and main vein. The vegetative and reproductive morphologies associate to the anatomy of mesophyll and vascular system constitute a set of characters distinctive for this species.