Guía para la práctica de acogimiento familiar, relato de una experiencia / Guidelines for being a foster care home, report of an experience

Recibir a un niño o a una niña en cuidado transitorio supone la fortaleza para enfrentar situaciones complejas, ofrecer cuidados y contención, y ser consciente del carácter temporario de ese hecho. El pediatra juega un papel determinante no solo en el cuidado de la salud de niños, niñas y adolescentes con derechos vulnerados, sino también como actor clave en la detección temprana de los casos, a partir de una mirada atenta y comprometida con la situación de cada niño. Se presenta un caso de 5 hermanos con derechos vulnerados, en el que intervino el Sistema de Promoción y Protección Integral de Derechos de los Niños a través de un programa de familias de abrigo, con el objetivo de clarificar la situación legal actual y concientizar sobre dicha alternativa.

Receiving a child in foster home care needs the strength to face complex situations, gives care and support, and be aware of the temporary nature of that position. The pediatrician plays a decisive role not only in the health care of children and adolescents with lost rights, but also in the early detection of cases, based on an attentive and committed attitudes facing each child circumstances. We present the experience of 5 siblings with lost rights in which the Promotion and Integral Protection of Children's Rights System intervened through a program of foster families, with the aim of clarifying the current legal situation and raising awareness about this alternative.

Frecuencia de ansiedad y depresión en niñas y adolescentes de la casa de acogida "Miguel León" en el cantón Cuenca, Ecuador / Frequency of anxiety and depression in girls and adolescents from "Miguel León" foster home in Cuenca, Ecuador

INTRODUCCIÓN: La depresión y ansiedad son dos patologías de alto impacto personal, social y económico; su evolución se da en muchos casos desde edades tempranas. La violencia generada dentro del hogar puede provocar la separación de muchos NNA de su núcleo familiar; siendo enviados, la mayoría de las veces, a casas de acogida. Aquellos niños y adolescentes que se encuentran en casas de acogida, tienden a desarrollaron ansiedad, depresión y estrés y estos trastornos desencadenan en dificultades emocionales y mentales a lo largo de su vida. En este contexto, el principal objetivo de este trabajo fue dar a conocer la frecuencia de ansiedad y depresión en niñas y adolescentes de la casa de acogida "Miguel León" del cantón Cuenca, en el 2016, generando estadísticas que permitan sentar las bases para proyectos de protección y estudios futuros. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio de tipo descriptivo, transversal cuantitativo. Con una población de estudio de 35 niñas y adolescentes, en edades de 5 a 18 años, de una casa de acogida. Para la recolección de datos se usaron, la Escala de Ansiedad Infantil de SPENCE y el Inventario CDI. El procesamiento se realizó mediante el programa Microsoft Excel 2010 y el software SPSS 15.0. Los datos se presentan en tablas y gráficos mediante frecuencias y porcentajes. RESULTADOS: La frecuencia de ansiedad fue de 22.86% y la frecuencia de depresión del 17.14%. El rango de edad más prevalente para ambas patologías fue de 10 a 14 años con 62.5% y 50% respectivamente. Tanto en el grupo de NNA con ansiedad como en el grupo con depresión el tiempo de estancia en la casa de acogida fue de 0 a 6 meses para la mayoría (50 y 66.67% respectivamente). CONCLUSIÓN: La frecuencia de depresión en niñas de 5 a 18 años de edad en la casa de acogida fue de 17.14%. La frecuencia de ansiedad en niñas de 5 a 18 años de edad en la casa de acogida fue del 22.86%, valores inferiores a los encontrados en otros estudios. El rango de edad en el que estas enfermedades fueron más prevalentes fue de 10-14 años. Ambos trastornos fueron más prevalentes cuanto menor fue el tiempo de estadía en la casa de acogida.

BACKGROUND: Depression and anxiety are two pathologies of great personal, social and economic impact; in many cases both have an early onset. Domestic violence can separate children and adolescents from their families; being sent, most of the times, to foster homes. Children and adolescents in foster homes tend to develop anxiety, depression and stress triggering lifelong emotional and mental difficulties. In this context, the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of anxiety and depression in girls and female adolescents from "Miguel León" Shelter, Cuenca, during 2016, creating statistical data that will allow setting protection projects and future studies. METHODS: Descriptive, quantitative cross-sectional study. The study population was stablished with 35 girls and adolescents, aged 5 to 18 years, from a foster home. For data collection, the SPENCE Child Anxiety Scale and the CDI Inventory were applied. Data was processed with Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS 15.0. Data is presented in charts and graphics using frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: The frequency of anxiety was 22.86% and the frequent of depression was 17.14%. The most prevalent age range for both pathologies was 10 to 14 years old with 62.5% and 50% respectively. In both groups, diagnosed with anxiety and diagnosed with depression, the length of stay in the foster home was 0 to 6 months for the majority of the population ( 50 and 66.67% respectively). CONCLUSIÓN: The frequency of depression in girls aged 5 to 18 years, was 17.14%. The frequency of anxiety in girls aged from 5 to 18 years in the foster home was 22.86%, values lower than those found in other studies. The age range in which both diseases were most prevalent was, 10-14 years old. Both disorders were more prevalent the shorter the time spent in the foster home.

Supporting the "Casa Lar" social educator: a case study of a consultation using intercultural knowledge translation / Apoiando o educador social no Casa Lar: um estudo de caso de uma consulta usando translação de conhecimento intercultural

Abstract Children living in foster care have the right to live in a supportive and caring environment, yet studies show that many foster caregivers find it challenging to adequately meet the child's individual needs. Organizations providing services to children in foster care are responsible for supporting caregivers in this role. This case study describes an occupational therapy (post-professional master's student) consultation with a group foster home (Casa Lar), in São Paulo, Brazil, to implement a training and support program for their caregivers. A needs assessment revealed the necessity to implement a comprehensive professional development program, based on organizational values and caregiving competencies. Using the Canadian Practice Process Framework as a guide, a multicultural group of clinician administrators completed a cycle of knowledge translation to identify current knowledge in the area, and adapt it to the local context. Active learning and participant action strategies were included in the training program, with a plan to jointly develop a knowledge translation tool that will enable a change in caregiver practice. We present plans for a formative and summative program evaluation, along with reflections on the enabling nature of the consultation.

Resumo Crianças e adolescentes em serviços de acolhimento têm direito de viver em um ambiente acolhedor, mas muitos estudos mostram que os adultos que cuidam das crianças e dos adolescentes enfrentam desafios para satisfazer as necessidades individuais destes adequadamente. Serviços de acolhimento têm a responsabilidade de apoiar os cuidadores em seus papeis. Este estudo de caso trata de um processo de consulta de terapia ocupacional (para pós-graduação, pós-profissionalização) com uma Casa Lar em São Paulo, Brasil, com o objetivo de desenvolver um programa de capacitação para os educadores sociais. Um levantamento das necessidades evidenciou a demanda de desenvolver um programa compreensivo de capacitação baseado nos valores organizacionais e nas competências identificadas de educador. Usando o Canadian Practice Process Framework como guia, um grupo multicultural de administradores técnicos completou um ciclo de translação de conhecimento para identificar o conhecimento atual no âmbito e adaptá-lo para o contexto local. Métodos de aprendizagem ativo e de pessoas-que-aprendem-participando foram incluídos no programa de capacitação, visando criar, em conjunto, uma ferramenta de translação de conhecimento que habilitará uma mudança na prática dos educadores. Planos para a avaliação do programa, tanto formativa como somativa, são apresentados junto com reflexões sobre os aspectos capacitadores do processo de consulta.

Burden status quo and influencing factors of main caregivers in stroke patients with home enteral nutrition / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the burden status quo of caregivers in stroke patients with home enteral nutrition and to analyze the factors influencing the caregivers burden.Methods A total of 202 direct caregivers in stroke patients with enteral nutrition treatment during hospitalization period in this hospital and continued home enteral nutrition after discharge from hospital were collected as the study subjects.The Caregiver Burden Inventory,Self—Rating Anxiety Scale,Self—Rating Depression Scale,patients and caregivers general condition questionnaire were adopted to conduct the survey.The burden level status of caregivers and its related influencing factors were statistically analyzed.Results The results showed that the burden total score in 202 caregivers receiving the investigation was (50.17± 9.75) points.The univariate analysis results showed that that the age of caregivers,family income per capita level,whether caregivers having negative emotions (anxiety or depression),care time,NIHSS scores of patients and feeding mode burden score had statistical differences (P＜0.05).The multivariate analysis results showed that the care time of caregivers,feeding mode,accompanying anxietyor depression in caregivers,NIHSS scores of patients were the main influencing factors of caregivers burden(P＜0.05).Conclusion The caregivers have a great burden in caring the patients,which should arouse attention.

Teamwork model of home beds service in community / 中华全科医师杂志

The utilization of home bed service in 10 community health centers of Hongkou district,from January 2006 to December 2008, was reviewed. The major disorders in home bed service were stroke,hypertension, coronary disease, diabetes and the chronic bronchitis in the aged, which counted for 92. 69%of all conditions. Compare with 2006, the number of home beds was increased by 8. 35% in 2008. Statistics showed that the conditions of 86. 01% patients were improved or steady with the home bed service. There are urgent needs and demands for development and improvement of home beds service, which will be an important component in the integrated community-based health service.