Advertising of Pre-Packaged Foods in India: A Qualitative Analysis

Objective: We examined the ‘nutrients of concern’ in pre-packaged food products that are commonly advertised, as per WHO standards and Nova Classification. Methods: This was a qualitative study, using a convenience sampling method, to identify advertisements of prepackaged food products. We also analyzed their content from information on the packets, and their compliance with applicable Indian laws. Results: We found that all the advertisements of the food products in this study did not provide important information about the amount of nutrients of concern i.e., total fat, sodium, and total sugars. These advertisements mostly targeted children, made health claims, and used endorsements of celebrities. All the food products were also found to be ultra-processed in nature and high in one or more nutrients of concern. Conclusion: Most of the advertisements are misleading, needing effective monitoring. Health warnings on the front-of- pack label and restrictions on marketing of such food products may go a long way in reducing non-communicable diseases.

The relationship between anthropometric variables and swimming efficiency in early pubescent female front crawl swimmers / Relación entre las variables antropométricas y la eficiencia de natación en nadadoras de estilo crol en la pubertad temprana

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was twofold. The first aim was to examine the association of anthropometric measures on kinematic characteristic which represent stroke efficiency in young female front crawl swimmers. The second aim was to create a prediction model which could provide help to swimming coaches with the purpose of easier and better selection of female front crawl swimmers by measuring and following basic morphological characteristics. Eighty female competitive swimmers all members of the swimming Clubs in province of Vojvodina, Serbia (age 12.52 ± 08 years, years of training involvement 4.05 ± 1.2 and personal best times over 50 m front crawl 32.79 ± 0.86 s) performed 50 m front crawl race. The 50 m front crawl swimming efficiency expressed through stroke index significantly was related to body height (r = 0.44, p = 0.000), body mass (r = 0.402, p = 0.000), sitting height (r = 0.612, p = 0.000) arm spam (r = 0.576, p = 0.000), biacromial diameter (r = 0.470, p = 0.000), bicrestal diameter (r = 0.348, p = 0.001) and with chest circumference (r = 0.427, p = 0.000). Regression equation for stroke index prediction was defined by following variables: body mass, sitting height, arm span, chest circumference with 43.5% explained variance. Additionally by analyzing obtained model the higher the values of SH, ARSP, CHICR and the lower values of BM in a group of early pubescent female swimmers the higher 50 m front crawl efficiency values will be.

Este estudio tiene dos objetivos principales. El primer objetivo fue examinar la asociación de las medidas antropométricas con las características cinemáticas que representan la eficiencia de la brazada en nadadoras jóvenes estilo crol. El segundo objetivo era crear un modelo de predicción que pudiera ayudar a los entrenadores de natación con el propósito de seleccionar mejor y más fácilmente a las nadadoras crol midiendo y siguiendo las características morfológicas básicas. Ochenta nadadoras competitivas, todas miembros de los clubes de natación en la provincia de Vojvodina, Serbia (edad 12,52 ± 8 años, años de participación en el entrenamiento 4,05 ± 1,2 y mejores tiempos personales en 50 m estilo crol 32,79 ± 0,86 s) realizaron una carrera de 50 m estilo crol. La eficiencia de nado crol de 50 m expresada a través del índice de brazada se relacionó significativamente con la altura del cuerpo (r = 0,44, p = 0,000), la masa corporal (r = 0,402, p = 0,000), la altura sentado (r = 0,612, p = 0,000) y el brazo. spam (r = 0,576, p = 0,000), diámetro biacromial (r = 0,470, p = 0,000), diámetro bicrestal (r = 0,348, p = 0,001) y con perímetro torácico (r = 0,427, p = 0,000). La ecuación de regresión para la predicción del índice de brazada se definió mediante las siguientes variables: masa corporal, altura sentada, extensión de los miembros superiores, circunferencia del pecho con una varianza explicada del 43,5 %. Además, al analizar el modelo obtenido, cuanto más altos sean los valores de SH, ARSP, CHICR y los valores más bajos de BM en un grupo de nadadoras púberes tempranas, mayores serán los valores de eficiencia de crol de 50 m.

Influence of personality traits on mental health and mediating role of work-family support among front-line power grid workers / 环境与职业医学

Background Front-line power grid workers are required to face a variety of occupational hazards (such as aerial work), which make them susceptible to psychological problems and further reduce their performance efficiency and safety level. Objective To investigate the mental health status of front-line power grid workers and explore the influence of personality traits on mental health and the potential mediating role of work-family support between them. Methods This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. From January to June 2019, a cluster random sampling method was used to select two of the 20 power supply stations owned by a Guangdong power company. A total of 485 front-line power grid workers were included in the study. Sociodemographic characteristics were investigated, and NEO Five-Factor Inventory, Work-Family Support Scale, and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) were used in the survey. Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to analyze the correlations between measured variables. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships of personality traits, work-family support, and mental health, and Bootstrap analysis was used to test the mediating effect of work-family support on the relationship of personality traits and mental health. Results The M (P25, P75) of total SCL-90 score was 134.00 (110.00, 167.00）, and 139 (28.66%) front-line power grid workers showed positive mental health symptoms. The correlation analysis indicated that among the front-line power grid workers, neuroticism score was negatively correlated with work-family support total score (rs=−0.356, P<0.001), and positively correlated with the total score of SCL-90 (rs=0.557, P<0.001) as well as all the scores of its sub-dimensions (rs=0.436-0.550, P<0.001). Openness score was positively correlated with work-family support total score (rs=0.269, P<0.001), and except for paranoid ideation (P>0.05), openness score was negatively correlated with the scores of all the other sub-dimensions of SCL-90 (rs=−0.091-−0.147, P<0.05). The scores of the other three personality traits (extroversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) were positively correlated with work-family support total score (rs=0.331-0.466, P<0.001), and negatively correlated with the total score of SCL-90 as well as the scores of all its sub-dimensions (P<0.001). The modified structural equation modeling indicated that the direct effect of work-family support on mental health symptoms was −0.225 (P<0.001). The direct effects of extraversion and openness on work-family support were 0.241 (P<0.001) and 0.123 (P<0.05), respectively, while the effect on mental health symptoms was not statistically significant. The direct effects of neuroticism on work-family support and mental health symptoms were -0.152 (P<0.01) and 0.467 (P<0.001), respectively. The direct effects of conscientiousness on work-family support and mental health symptoms were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The direct effect of agreeableness on work-family support was not statistically significant (P>0.05), while the direct effect on mental health symptoms was −0.180 (P<0.001). Conclusion The front-line power grid workers show a high score of SCL-90. Workers with higher neuroticism are more vulnerable to mental health symptoms. Work-family support fully mediates the effects of extraversion and openness on mental health symptoms, and partially mediates the effects of neuroticism on mental health symptoms, while does not mediate the effects of agreeableness on mental health symptoms. Sufficient work-family support may improve mental health status.

Effect of electroacupuncture on enteric neuronal autophagy in functional constipation mice / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the effect mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) on functional constipation (FC) at the combined lower he-sea and front-mu points of large intestine based on enteric neuronal autophagy.@*METHODS@#A total of 40 SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8), i.e. a control group, a model group, an acupuncture group, a 3-methyl adenine (3-MA) group, and a 3-MA + acupuncture group. Except the control group, the FC model was established by gavage with compound diphenoxylate suspension for 14 days in the other 4 groups. After successful modeling, the mice of the acupuncture group and the 3-MA + acupuncture group received EA at bilateral "Tianshu" (ST 25) and "Shangjuxu" (ST 37), stimulated for 30 min with disperse-dense wave, 2 Hz/15 Hz of frequency, 1 mA of intensity. EA was delivered once daily. One course of treatment was composed of 5 days and 2 courses were needed, with an interval of 2 days. An intraperitoneal injection of 3-MA (15 mg/kg) was administered 30 min before EA in the mice of the 3-MA group and the 3-MA + acupuncture group, once daily. Before and after intervention, the time of the first black stool defecation and defecation behaviors in 6 h were observed in each group. After intervention, in every group, the small intestine propulsion rate was calculated, the colon tissue morphology was observed using HE staining, the ultrastructure of enteric neuronal autophagy was observed under transmission electron microscope, and the expressions of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin-1 and neuronal nuclear antigen protein (NeuN) in neurons of colonic muscularis were determined by immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#Before intervention, when compared with those in the control group, the time of the first black stool defecation was prolonged (P<0.01, P<0.05), and numbers (P<0.01), wet weight (P<0.01, P<0.05) and water content (P<0.05, P<0.01) of stool in 6 h were reduced in the model, acupuncture, 3-MA and 3-MA + acupuncture groups. After intervention, compared with those in the control group, the time of the first black stool defecation was longer (P<0.05), and numbers (P<0.01), wet weight (P<0.01) and water content (P<0.01) of stool in 6 h were decreased in the model group. The time of the first black stool defecation was shortened (P<0.01), and numbers (P<0.01), wet weight (P<0.01) and water content (P<0.01) of stool in 6 h were increased in the acupuncture group when compared with those in the model group. The time of the first black stool defecation was extended (P<0.01), and numbers (P<0.01), wet weight (P<0.01) and water content (P<0.01) of stool in 6 h were declined in the 3-MA + acupuncture group in comparison with those in the acupuncture group. All layers of colon tissue were normal and intact in each group. When compared with the control group, the small intestine propulsion rate and the average optical density (OD) values of LC3, Beclin-1 and NeuN in neurons of colonic muscularis were decreased (P<0.01), and autophagosomes were dropped in the model group. In the acupuncture group, the small intestine propulsion rate and the average OD values of NeuN, LC3 and Beclin-1 in neurons of colonic muscularis increased (P<0.01,P<0.05), and autophagosomes were elevated when compared with those in the model group. The small intestine propulsion rate and the average OD values of NeuN, LC3 and Beclin-1 in neurons of colonic muscularis were dropped (P<0.05,P<0.01) in the 3-MA + acupuncture group in comparison with those in the acupuncture group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Electroacupuncture may promote enteric neuronal autophagy and increase the number of neurons so that the intestinal motility can be improved and constipation symptoms can be relieved in FC mice.

Exploration of the diagnosis and treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia with acupuncture based on jingjin theory / 中国针灸

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is caused by kidney deficiency and impaired qi transformation of the urinary bladder and is manifested by the stagnation of essence chamber. Based on jingjin (muscle region of meridian, sinew/fascia) theory and taking the visceral membrane as the principal, acupuncture is delivered at sinew/fascia to promote qi circulation, resolve stasis and open the orifice. Guided by CT, the needle is inserted at Zhongji (CV 3), the front-mu point of the urinary bladder, and then goes to the prostatic capsule, meaning "the disease of zang organ is treated by needling the front-mu point". In treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia, this acupuncture therapy stimulates the different layers of fascia, by which, the defensive qi on the exterior is regulated and "essence orifice" in the interior is adjusted so that the urination can be promoted.

Survey on awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept among front-line workers in the automotive manufacturing industry / 中国职业医学

Objective To investigate the awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept of front-line workers in the automobile manufacturing industry. Methods A total of 1 188 front-line workers from 47 automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. The awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept of the workers was investigated using the Personal Questionnaire for National Survey of Occupational Health Literacy for Key Populations. Results The median (25th and 75th percentiles) awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept among the research subjects was 56.00% (44.00%, 64.00%). The awareness was higher among male workers than female workers (P<0.05). The awareness was higher among married workers than workers with other marital status (P<0.05). The awareness of workers with an education level of middle school or below was lower than those in the senior high school and junior college group and bachelor's degree or above group (all P<0.05). The awareness of workers in the group with personal monthly income <5 000 was lower than that in the other two income groups with personal monthly income ≥5 000 (all P<0.05). The awareness of workers in medium and large enterprises was higher than that of workers in small and micro enterprises (all P<0.05). The awareness of workers in foreign-funded enterprises was higher than that in private enterprises and other enterprises (all P<0.05). The awareness of workers with job tenure >5-10 and >10 years was higher than that in workers with job tenure of 1-≤5 years (P<0.05). The awareness for the 25 items of occupational health knowledge and concept among the research subjects ranged from 6.14% to 96.72%, with an average awareness of 54.46% for the 25 items. Conclusion The awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept of front-line workers in automobile manufacturing industry is not high in general, and it is influenced by gender, marriage status, education level, personal monthly income, enterprise nature and scale, and job tenure.

Assessment of knowledge Vis-à-vis Food Labels

Background: Public health initiatives focused on improving food at the community level to reduce the risk of nutritionrelated disorders have gained pace in light of the enormous illness burden associated with chronic diseases connected to nutrition. Delivering straightforward, pertinent, and understandable information regarding the nutritional value of food is the goal of Front of Package Labelling (FoPLs), which are intended to assist consumers in choosing healthier foods at the point of purchase. Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study carried out online through a series of webinars using an online survey platform and a feedback-designed questionnaire to ascertain webinar participants' knowledge of front of package labeling. Results: Among the participants, only 75.4% correctly identified the characteristics of packaged foods that increase the risk of obesity. Also, it was found that 84.7% of the participants knew that food labels had to display complete nutritional information. About 93.6 percent of the individuals were aware of public health initiatives that raise awareness of FOPL. Only 38.9% of the individuals were aware that certain food products were free from labelling, in comparison. Conclusion: Front of package labelling (FOPL) regulation goals must be adopted in order to enable consumers to simply, quickly, and accurately identify items containing extra sugars, trans-fats, oils, and sodium. This will help the Government of India comply with WHO recommendations on unhealthy foods.

The Escalating Health Threats from Ultra-processed and High Fat, Salt, and Sugar Foods: Urgent Need for Tailoring Policy

With its colonial past, and a glaring problem of poverty and hunger, India oft fails to acknowledge a new, rapidly growing problem of overnutrition. With the economic boost and entry of various foreign players from the food industry, Indian citizens have been increasingly exposed to ultra-processed, high in sugar, salt and fat foods (HFSS foods). The last decade or so has seen an exponential rise in the consumption of such foods, leading to increasing prevalence of overweight- and obesity-related illnesses like diabetes, hypertension, etc. In this scenario, examining the efficacy of policy-related measures in reducing consumption of these harmful foods and preventing the associated health issues is paramount. Across the globe, several countries have explored options from taxation on HFSS foods to restricting marketing to children, as well as different practices for front of the pack labeling. In the context of India and its increasing burden of preventable, diet-related illnesses, the urgent need of instituting these preventive policies at national scale cannot be neglected.

Barriers to Treatment Adherence for Female Tuberculosis (TB) Patients during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Evidence from Front-line TB interventions in Bengaluru City, India

Background: Available evidence shows that India’s ongoing COVID?19 pandemic response has adversely affected the national tuberculosis elimination program. Objectives: The study attempted to understand the barriers to successful treatment adherence for female tuberculosis (TB) patients due to disruptions caused by the pandemic. Methods: The study draws on qualitative in?depth interviews conducted with patients and TB health visitors from Bengaluru city before and during the pandemic period using a grounded theory approach. Results: While TB has the potential to push female patients who worked in informal arrangements to joblessness and poverty, the pandemic situation has exacerbated these vulnerabilities. The pandemic situation slowed down or suspended vital frontline interventions such as active case finding, distribution of medicine, follow?up of sputum examination, monitoring of medicine intake, and patient support measures. Conclusion: The pandemic?induced barriers to treatment adherence for the vulnerable TB patients can lead to adverse treatment outcomes including disease relapse and drug resistance. It is hence suggested that there is an urgent need for recasting the frontline TB interventions in India in the context of the pandemic in order to achieve the goal of TB elimination.

Effect of photobiomodulation on maximal lactate production rate on swimmers: a randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled study

Abstract Aim: This study aimed to verify the acute effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) on maximal lactate production rate (VLamax) in front crawl swimmers. Methods: Fifteen male swimmers (20.9 ± 2.4-year-old) participated in this study. Three sets of front crawls were performed at distances of 100-, 200- and 400-m under three experimental conditions: PBM (420 J), placebo (PLA) and control (C) in this randomized, crossover, double-blind and placebo-controlled study. PBM or PLA were applied or simulated before performance tests. One-way Anova for repeated measurements were used for statistical analyses. Results: The results showed that the prior PBM application did not affect VLamax in front crawl swimmers: VLamax 100-m (PBM = 0.20 ± 0.05 mmol·L-1·s-1; PLA = 0.20 ± 0.04 mmol·L-1·s-1 and C = 0.21 ± 0.04; mmol·L-1·s-1); 200-m (PBM = 0.09 ± 0.03 mmol·L-1·s-1; PLA = 0.08 ± 0.02 mmol·L-1·s-1 and C = 0.08 ± 0.02 mmol·L-1·s-1) and 400-m (PBM = 0.04 ± 0.01 mmol·L-1·s-1; PLA = 0.04 ± 0.01 mmol·L-1·s-1 and C = 0.03 ± 0.01 mmol·L-1·s-1). Nor effect swim time (ST) performance: ST 100 m (PBM = 65.5 ± 6.3 s; PLA = 65.2 ± 5.6 s; C = 66.0 ± 5.9 s); ST 200 m (PBM = 148.5 ± 17.9 s; PLA = 149.4 ± 16.4 s; C = 150.1 ± 17.9 s); ST 400 m (PBM = 327.7 ± 38.2 s; PLA = 321.6 ± 47.7 s; C = 329.5 ± 41.2 s). Conclusions: PBM application prior front crawl swimming tests did not significantly modify the VLamax on swimmers covering distances of 100-, 200- and 400-m.

Objective understanding of five front-of-pack labels among consumers in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa

Objective: This study aimed to assess the objective understanding of five front-of-pack label formats, namely the Reference Intake, Multiple Traffic Light label, Nutri-Score, health endorsement logo and warning label, among consumers in Nelson Mandela Bay, South Africa. Design: This was a cross-sectional, exploratory study. Setting: Interviewer-administered surveys were conducted at 12 randomly selected food retail outlets in an urban setting.Subjects: A total of 359 adult participants were included in this study. Outcome measures: Objective understanding was measured by asking participants to rank food products according to their nutritional quality, using the displayed front-of-pack label. Results: The type of front-of-pack label significantly influenced ranking ability (p < 0.00001). All the evaluative front-of-pack labels significantly improved the participants' ability to identify healthier food products compared with the no-label control. The reductive Reference Intake, however, showed no significant impact on consumer understanding. Conclusion: Evaluative front-of-pack labels significantly improved the participants' ability to identify healthier food products, when compared with the Reference Intake and no-label control. Future research should test the objective understanding of culturally diverse groups in South Africa, particularly among rural populations.

Resting-state fMRI study of Parkinson disease patients with peak-dose dyskinesia: an ALFF analysis / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To observe the characteristics of resting-state brain activity in Parkinson disease (PD) patients with peak-dose dyskinesia, and to explore its pathogenesis.Methods:From March 2017 to November 2019, totally 27 PD patients with peak-dose dyskinesia (dyskinetic group), and 29 PD patients without dyskinesia (non-dyskinetic group) treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University and 27 healthy controls from the community were recruited.Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) and clinical scale data were collected.SPSS 26.0 software and REST software were used for data analysis.The whole brain amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) values were compared among the three groups.Correlation analysis was performed between ALFF values of the significant brain regions and the scale scores.Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the efficacy of ALFF values of significant brain regions in identifying three groups of subjects.Results:The peak-dose dyskinetic group showed decreased ALFF in right inferior frontal gyrus(MNI: x=36, y=21, z=30; x=36, y=18, z=30)and increased ALFF in right supplementary motor area (MNI: x=9, y=0, z=69; x=6, y=-3, z=72)(all P<0.05, Alphasim correction) compared with non-dyskinetic group and healthy controls.ALFF value in right inferior frontal gyrus was negatively correlated with unified dyskinesia rating scale (UDysRS) scores ( r=-0.47, P=0.018). The ALFF value of the right inferior frontal gyrus was more effective in identifying peak-dose dyskinetic patients from non-dyskinetic patients and healthy controls, and the area under the curve of right inferior frontal gyrus were 0.881 and 0.787 (both P<0.01), respectively. Conclusion:Abnormal spontaneous brain activity in right inferior frontal gyrus and right supplementary motor area can be the neurobiological basis of peak-dose dyskinesia in PD patients.The severity of peak-dose dyskinesia is associated with abnormal brain activity of right inferior frontal gyrus.The ALFF value of right inferior frontal gyrus is a potential imaging marker for identifying peak-dose dyskinetic patient.

Changes of corneal parameters in different areas after cataract surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the distribution characteristics of axial sagittal front power(ASF), true net power(TNP), total corneal refractive power(TCRP)and the difference in back-front corneal radius ratio(B/F ratio)after cataract surgery.METHODS: A prospective study. A total of 156 patients(156 eyes)with age-related cataract who attend Weifang Eye Hospital for cataract surgery from December 2020 to May 2021 were collected. Pentacam was performed before operation and 3mo after operation to collect ASF, TNP and TCRP on 2, 4 and 6mm diameters rings and areas on the corneal apex and pupil-centered, as well as B/F ratio.RESULTS: 3mo after operation, there was no statistical difference in ASF on the 2mm diameters ring and area centered on the corneal apex compared with preoperative values(all P&#x003E;0.05), however, the ASF values on the 4 and 6mm diameters rings and areas were significantly different from those before surgery(all P&#x003C;0.05); There was no statistical difference in ASF on the 2mm diameters rings and areas centered on the pupil compared with preoperative values(all P&#x003E;0.05). The postoperative values of TNP and TCRP on the 2, 4 and 6mm diameters rings and areas centered on the corneal apex and centered on the pupil were statistically different before surgery(all P&#x003C;0.05). Preoperative, TCRP values were different between 2mm and 6mm and between 4mm and 6mm on both corneal apex and pupil-centered rings(all P&#x003C;0.0167), TCRP values were all different between 2mm and 6mm diameters areas on corneal apex and pupil-centered(all P&#x003C;0.0167); 3mo after operation, TCRP values were different on corneal apex and pupil-centered rings between 2mm and 6mm and between 4mm and 6mm diameters(all P&#x003C;0.0167). While TCRP values on the corneal apex and pupil-centered areas were only different between 2mm and 6mm diameters(all P&#x003C;0.0167). The preoperative B/F ratio of patients was 81.79%±1.87%, and the postoperative B/ F ratio of patients was 80.68%±2.23%(P&#x003C;0.001).CONCLUSION: Corneal parameters of different diameters of rings and areas centered on the corneal apex and pupil before and after cataract surgery may change and differ, which should be taken into account when selecting the K value for intraocular lens calculation and individualizing the selection of IOLs based on corneal characteristics.

Bibliometrics of Latin American research on COVID-19 in the first year of the pandemic: the main trends / Bibliometría de la investigación latinoamericana sobre COVID-19 en el primer año de la pandemia: principales tendencias

Abstract Introduction: An outbreak of the COVID-19 was appended in the central Chinese city of Wuhan in December 2019. Lots of related papers were published in the world since then. Objective: This study aimed to identify and analyze the characteristics of COVID-19 publications in the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) published by Latin Americans in 2020. Methods: Documents including searching keywords in their title, abstract, or author keywords from SCI-EXPANDED were assessed. The analyzed aspects covered characteristics of document types, languages, Web of Science categories, and journals. Publication performances of countries and institutions were evaluated by six publication indicators and two citation indicators. Results: A lower percentage of articles and a higher percentage of Spanish language were found. Web of Science category of general and internal medicine published the most articles. The Clinics was the most popular journal. The Cadernos de Saude Publica and Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira published the most publications and reviews, respectively. Brazil took a leading position in the six publication indicators. The University of São Paulo in Brazil was the most productive institution. Based on the number of citations from the Web of Science Core Collection since publication to the end of 2020, 10 most frequently cited publications were presented. In addition, the analysis of words in publication titles, author keywords, and KeyWords Plus was performed to find the main research focuses. Conclusions: In 2020, a total of 3 056 COVID-19 documents in SCI-EXPANDED were published by Latin Americans mainly in the Web of Science categories of 'general and internal medicine' and 'public, environmental and occupational health'. More letters and editorial materials and fewer articles were published in the first year of its outbreak. A higher percentage of Spanish and Portuguese publications was found. Brazil dominated the six publication indicators. The University of São Paulo in Brazil ranked top in all the six publication indicators while the Technological University of Pereira in Colombia had a higher impact for their first- and corresponding-author publications. Health and infection were the main research focuses.

Resumen Introducción: En diciembre de 2019 se produjo un brote de COVID-19 en la ciudad china de Wuhan. Desde entonces se publicaron muchos artículos relacionados en el mundo. Objetivo: Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar las características de las publicaciones de COVID-19 en el Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) realizadas por latinoamericanos en 2020. Métodos: Se evaluaron los documentos que incluían palabras clave de búsqueda en su título, resumen o palabras clave de autor del SCI-EXPANDED. Los aspectos analizados cubrieron las características de los tipos de documentos, los idiomas, las categorías de la Web of Science y las revistas. El rendimiento de las publicaciones de los países e instituciones se evaluó mediante seis indicadores de publicación y dos indicadores de citación. Resultados: Se encontró un bajo porcentaje de artículos y un mayor porcentaje en la lengua española. La categoría Web of Science de medicina general e interna fue la que más artículos publicó. The Clinics fue la revista más popular. Los Cadernos de Saude Publica y la Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira fueron las que más publicaciones y revisiones publicaron, respectivamente. Brasil ocupó una posición destacada en los seis indicadores de publicación. La Universidad de São Paulo en Brasil fue la institución más productiva. Basándose en el número de citas de la Web of Science Core Collection desde la publicación hasta el final de 2020, se presentaron las 10 publicaciones más citadas. Además, se realizó el análisis de las palabras en los títulos de las publicaciones, las palabras clave del autor y KeyWords Plus para encontrar los principales focos de investigación. Conclusiones: En 2020, un total de 3 056 documentos COVID-19 en SCI-EXPANDED fueron publicados por latinoamericanos, principalmente en las categorías de la Web of Science de 'medicina general e interna' y 'salud pública, ambiental y ocupacional'. Se publicaron más cartas y materiales editoriales y menos artículos en el primer año de su aparición. Se encontró un mayor porcentaje de publicaciones en español y portugués. Brasil dominó los seis indicadores de publicación. La Universidad de São Paulo, en Brasil, ocupó el primer puesto en los seis indicadores de publicación, mientras que la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, en Colombia, tuvo un mayor impacto en sus publicaciones de primer y segundo autor. La salud y la infección fueron los principales focos de investigación.

Optimization for technical resources of children′s gastroscopy based on diagnosis-related groups / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To analyze the gastroscopy treatment technology in a Children′s Medical Center based on the diagnosis-related groups(DRG) and put forward suggestions for resource optimization.Methods:The data of the front pages of medical records of 22 medical institutions in a Children′s Medical Center in 2018 were divided into DRG groups. The patients in gastroscope treatment operation group(GK3)were selected, and the disease diagnosis, operation and payment methods of the patients in this group were analyzed.Results:Of the 22 medical institutions, 16 had GK3 group cases, and the number of cases was significantly different, ranging from 2 to 917. Among them, the institution with code M was characterized by multiple endoscopic treatment of esophageal stricture, but most other institutions rarely carried out the treatment of esophageal stricture. In GK3 group, the main payment method of children in Institution M with the highest constituent ratio was at one′s own expense, followed by non-local medical insurance. The main payment type of O and P institutions with the second and third constituent ratio was local medical insurance.Conclusions:The gap of the technology of gastroscopy in the treatment of esophageal stricture is large in all institutions. The high-quality medical resources can be sunk through the construction of pediatric medical alliance, and the gap between the regional medical technology can be continuously leveled.

La operatoria dental y su rol en la rehabilitación integral: caso clínico / Operative dentistry and its role in comprehensive rehabilitation: a clinical case

El objetivo del presente informe clínico es describir una manera de lograr resultados predecibles en las restauraciones estéticas, con una rehabilitación integral. Se emplearon distintos materiales, centrados en la nueva generación de materiales cerámicos para la confección de frentes estéticos. Se realizó un diagnóstico seguido de un plan de tratamiento que integró tanto la correcta función como la estética. Se tuvo en cuenta que la responsabilidad estética no se limita sólo a la forma, el tamaño y el color de los dientes, sino que, además, es importante preservar o recuperar la armonía dentogingival (AU)

Performance and perception on front-of-package nutritional labeling models in Brazil / Desempenho e percepção sobre modelos de rotulagem nutricional frontal no Brasil

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance and perception of five models of front-of-package nutrition labeling (FOPNL) among Brazilian consumers. METHODS: Cross-sectional study, which applied an online questionnaire to 2,400 individuals, allocated randomly into six study groups: a control group and five others exposed to FOPNL (octagon, triangle, circle, magnifier and traffic light), applied to nine products. We evaluated the understanding of nutritional content, the perception of healthiness, the purchase intention and the perception of Brazilian consumers on the models. RESULTS: All FOPNL models increased the understanding of the nutritional content and reduced the perception of healthiness and purchase intention, when compared with the control group (41.3%). FOPNL warning models — octagon (62.4%), triangle (61.9%) and circle (61.8%) — performed significantly better than the traffic light (55.0%) regarding the understanding of the nutritional content. The performance of the magnifier (59.5%) was similar to the other four tested models, including the traffic light (55.0%), for understanding nutritional content. The individual analysis of the products suggests a better performance of warnings in relation to the magnifier and the traffic light for the perception of healthiness and purchase intention. Consumers were favorable to the presence of FOPNL, perceiving it as reliable to increase the understanding to nutritional information. CONCLUSION: FOPNL must be implemented on food labels in Brazil, considering that it increases the nutritional understanding, reduces the perception of healthiness and the purchase intention of products with critical nutrients. Warnings showed a better performance when compared with other models.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Avaliar o desempenho e a percepção de cinco modelos de rotulagem nutricional frontal (RNF) entre consumidores brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, com aplicação de questionário online a 2.400 indivíduos, alocados de forma aleatória em seis grupos de estudo, sendo um controle e cinco expostos a modelos de RNF (octógono, triângulo, círculo, lupa e semáforo), aplicados a nove alimentos. Foi avaliado o entendimento do conteúdo nutricional, a percepção de saudabilidade, a intenção de compra e a percepção dos consumidores brasileiros sobre os modelos. RESULTADOS: Todos os modelos de RNF aumentaram o entendimento do conteúdo nutricional e reduziram a percepção de saudabilidade e a intenção de compra, quando comparados ao grupo controle (41,3%). Os modelos de RNF de advertência - octógono (62,4%), triângulo (61,9%) e círculo (61,8%) - apresentaram desempenho significativamente superior ao semáforo (55,0%) quanto ao entendimento do conteúdo nutricional. O desempenho do modelo da lupa (59,5%) não diferiu dos outros quatro modelos testados, inclusive do semáforo (55,0%), para o entendimento do conteúdo nutricional. A análise individual dos alimentos sugere melhor desempenho das advertências em relação à lupa e ao semáforo para a percepção de saudabilidade e a intenção de compra. Os consumidores manifestam-se favoráveis à presença da RNF, percebendo-a como confiável para aumentar o entendimento das informações nutricionais. CONCLUSÃO: A RNF deve ser implementada nos rótulos dos alimentos no Brasil, considerando que aumenta o entendimento nutricional, reduz a percepção de saudabilidade e a intenção de compra de alimentos com nutrientes críticos. As advertências apresentaram melhor desempenho quando comparadas aos demais modelos.

Stages of change in the purchase of ultra-processed snacks among university students after the implementation of the chilean food law; a multi-center study

The Objective is to determine the stages of change in the behavior of university students regarding the purchase of ultra-processed snacks consumed. Multi-center study (14 Chilean universities). The participants (4,807 students)evaluated were applied a survey to determine the stage of change of behavior regarding the purchase of foods with warning signs. The students were evaluated and classified as (a) Nutrition Students, (b) Healthcare-related Students and (c) Other degree Students. More than 90% of the students were aware of the food regulation and knew the warning signs. More than 60% of Healthcare-related and Other degree students are in the stage of pre-contemplation or contemplation regarding purchase intent of sugary drinks, juices, cookies, sweet snacks and potato chips; this value is twice the percentage of Nutrition students in this stages ( Chi2, p<0.001). In conclusion there is a high proportion of pre-contemplation and contemplation with respect to purchase intent among the students(AU)

Determinar las etapas de cambio en el comportamiento de los estudiantes universitarios con respecto a la compra de colaciones ultraprocesadas. Estudio Multicéntrico (14 universidades chilenas). A los participantes (4.807 estudiantes) se les aplicó una encuesta para determinar el cambio en el comportamiento con respecto a la compra de alimentos con sellos de advertencia. Los estudiantes se clasificaron como (a) estudiantes de nutrición, (b) estudiantes del área de la salud y (c) estudiantes de otras carreras. Se evaluaron. Más del 90% de los estudiantes conocían la regulación alimentaria y conocían las señales de advertencia. Más del 60% de los estudiantes de la salud y de otras carreras se encuentran en la etapa de pre-contemplación o contemplación con respecto a la intención de compra de bebidas azucaradas, jugos, galletas, bocadillos dulces y papas fritas; Este valor es el doble del porcentaje de estudiantes de nutrición en estas etapas ( Chi2, p <0,001). Se concluye que existe una alta proporción de pre-contemplación y contemplación con respecto a la intención de compra entre los estudiantes universitarios(AU)

Etapas de cambio en alimentos con etiquetado frontal de advertencia / Stages of change in foods with front warning labeling

Los datos en Chile demuestran el efecto que causa la mala alimentación y sus consecuencias. Considerando los problemas alimentarios, el 26 de junio de 2016, la Ley 20.606, entró en vigencia. Determinar el estado de cambio en la intención de compra de alimentos con sello de advertencia en la tercera etapa de la ley. Estudio descriptivo transversal en población chilena, de ambos sexos, entre 18 y 59 años de edad, en usuarios frecuentes de internet. Los datos se obtuvieron a través de una encuesta creada y validada mediante el método de Lawshe, la cual contiene un total de 45 preguntas, en las que se plantea, ¿qué nivel de confianza siente el participante para realizar un cambio? y ¿Cuán importante es para el realizar ese cambio?. Se analizaron 545 encuestas a nivel nacional, el 59,8% corresponde a mujeres, del total de personas el 52,1% es mayor de 30 años de edad. Respecto a la compra de alimentos con sello según sexo, se observa que hay diferencias significativas en la compra de galletas, papas fritas y bebidas azucaradas, en todos los casos los hombres presentan una mayor resistencia al cambio que las mujeres. Pese a que todos los alimentos se encuentran en contemplación, hay diferencias significativas en el puntaje en galletas y bebidas azucaradas y papas fritas en los hombres, respecto a la edad, hay diferencias en todos los alimentos. Al comparar por estado nutricional se observan diferencias significativas en bebidas, galletas, papas fritas y chocolates, en obesidad. Los hombres presentan una mayor resistencia al cambio, por otro lado, se observa que la intención de compra de todos los alimentos se encuentra en contemplación sin embargo hay diferencias en todos los alimentos.

Data in Chile demonstrate the effect caused by poor diet and its consequences. Considering food problems, on June 26, 2016, Law 20,606 came into force. To determine the status of change in the intention to purchase food with a warning labels in the third stage of the law. Cross-sectional descriptive study in a Chilean population, of both sexes, between 18 and 59 years of age, in frequent Internet users. The data were obtained through a survey created and validated using the Lawshe method, which contains a total of 45 questions, in which it is asked, what level of confidence does the participant feel to make a change? And how important is it for making that change?. 545 surveys were analyzed at the national level, 59.8% correspond to women, of the total number of people 52.1% are over 30 years of age. Regarding the purchase of food stamped by sex, it is observed that there are significant differences in the purchase of cookies, French fries and sugary drinks, in all cases men present a greater resistance to change than women. Although all foods are in contemplation, there are significant differences in the score in cookies and sugary drinks and French fries in men, with respect to age, there are differences in all foods. When comparing by nutritional status, significant differences are observed in beverages, cookies, French fries and chocolates, in obesity. Men present greater resistance to change, on the other hand, it is observed that the intention to purchase all foods is in contemplation, however there are differences in all foods.

Perception of the use and understanding of nutrition labels among different socioeconomic groups in Mexico: a qualitative study / Percepción del uso y comprensión del etiquetado de alimentos en diferentes grupos socioeconómicos de México: un estudio cualitativo

Abstract: Objectiv: To explore the perception of the use and comprehension of the nutrition labeling (GDA, NFT, NS) and claims in packaged foods among different socio economic-status (SES). Materials and methods: This was a qualitative study, 12 focus groups were performed in four cities of Mexico. Participants were recruited outside the supermarkets, which were selected according to SES using Basic Geostatistical Areas. The focus groups had a total of 78 participants. Results: Participants perceived several barriers to the use and understanding of the GDA; like technicalities of the terms used, and the format (small font size and percentages). Claims are mistrusted in general. Participants from the high SES believed that the claims are just a marketing strategy. Conclusion: This study shows the consumers' difficulties to understand the current nutrition labeling system regardless SES. These data might call attention in order to implement a simpler nutrition labeling system that is understood regardless of SES.

Resumen: Objetivo: Explorar la percepción sobre el uso y la comprensión del etiquetado de alimentos (GDA, NFT, NS) y sobre las declaraciones de alimentos empaquetados entre diferentes niveles socioeconómicos (NSE). Material y métodos: Estudio cualitativo en el que se formaron 12 grupos focales en cuatro ciudades de México. Los participantes fueron reclutados afuera de supermercados y fueron seleccionados por nivel socioeconómico, a partir de Áreas Geoestadísticas Básicas. El número total de participantes fue 78. Resultados: Los participantes percibieron barreras para el uso y comprensión del GDA como términos técnicos utilizados, fuente pequeña y porcentajes numéricos. Se reportó desconfianza hacia las declaraciones en alimentos empaquetados. Los participantes del NSE alto perciben que las declaraciones son estrategia de marketing. Conclusión: Este estudio muestra las dificultades para entender el etiquetado de alimentos actual entre diferentes NSE. Estos datos enfatizan la necesidad de implementar un etiquetado que sea comprendido entre NSE.