Frontonasal dysplasia: A case report

Frontonasal dysplasia is an uncommon congenital anomaly with diverse clinical phenotypes and highly variable clinical characteristics, including hypertelorism, a broad nasal root, median facial cleft, a missing or underdeveloped nasal tip, and a widow's peak hairline. Frontonasal dysplasia is mostly inherited and caused by the ALX genes (ALX1, ALX3, and ALX4). We report a rare case of a frontonasal dysplasia patient with mild hypertelorism, a broad nasal root, an underdeveloped nasal tip, an accessory nasal tag, and a widow's peak. We used soft tissue re-draping to achieve aesthetic improvements.

Clinical Features and Management of a Median Cleft Lip

BACKGROUND: Median cleft lip is a rare anomaly consisting of a midline vertical cleft through the upper lip. It can also involve the premaxillary bone, the nasal septum, and the central nervous system. In our current report, we present the clinical features of 6 patients with a median cleft lip and their surgical management according to the accompanying anomalies. METHODS: From December 2010 to January 2014, 6 patients with a median cleft lip were reviewed. Five of these cases underwent surgical correction; alveolar bone grafting was performed in a patient with a median alveolar cleft. The surgical technique included inverted-U excision of the upper lip and repair of the orbicularis oris muscle. The mean follow-up period was 20.4 months (range, 7.4-44.0 months). RESULTS: The study patients presented various anomalous features. Five patients received surgical correction, 4 with repair of the median cleft lip, and one with iliac bone grafting for median alveolar cleft. A patient with basal sphenoethmoidal meningocele was managed with transoral endoscopic surgery for repair of the meningocele. Successful surgical repair was achieved in all cases with no postoperative complications. CONCLUSIONS: Relatively mild forms of median cleft lip can be corrected with inverted-U excision with good aesthetic outcomes. In addition, there is a broad spectrum of clinical features and various anomalies, such as nasal deformity, alveolar cleft, and short upper frenulum, which require close evaluation. The timing of the operation should be decided considering the presence of other anomalies that can threaten patient survival.

Displasias: Frontonasal y Frontofacionasal. Reporte de casos / Frontonasal and Frontofacionasal Dysplasias. Case Report

Objetivo: Reportar dos casos clínicos encontrados en la consulta externa de Dismorfología de una institución de tercer nivel de atención de la ciudad de Cali, enmarcados dentro del espectro displasia frontonasal, anomalías congénitas raras, de las cuales no hay una prevalencia específica y solo existen reportes y series de caso. Estos tienen un espectro variado de malformaciones en cara, que incluyen hipoplasia frontonasal y/o hendiduras medianas severas en la nariz, labios, paladar y la frente. El diagnóstico diferencial se basa en el compromiso de otras estructuras, como el cráneo, cerebro, ojos y extremidades. Materiales y métodos: Se hizo una búsqueda de bibliografía en las diferentes bases de datos médicas disponibles, utilizando los términos estandarizados y orientada principalmente al diagnóstico diferencial de las múltiples patologías del espectro de la displasia frontonasal. Resultados: Se reporta un caso de displasia frontonasal tipo 1 y otro de displasia frontofacionasal. Se sustenta el diagnóstico a través de los hallazgos clínicos y se comparan para lograr un diagnóstico diferencial; además se describe la explicación embriogénica de estas displasias. Conclusión: Las displasias frontonasal y frontofacionasal son entidades de baja frecuencia, por lo cual es importante difundir sus características en la comunidad medica y la necesidad de un manejo multidisciplinario y consejería adecuada para la familia.

Objective: To report two cases framed within frontonasal dysplasia spectrum, found in the outpatient dysmorphology clinic of a tertiary level hospital in the city of Cali. Materials and Methods: A literature search was done in several available medical databases, it were used the standardized terms and the search was oriented principally to the differential diagnosis of many of the diseases of the spectrum of frontonasal dysplasia. Results: We report a case of frontonasal dysplasia type 1 and a case of frontofacionasal dysplasia. These are two rare congenital anomalies, of which there are not a specific prevalence, and only there are case reports and series. They have a wide spectrum of facial malformations, including frontonasal hypoplasia and / or severe medial clefts in the nose, lips, mouth and forehead. The differential diagnosis is based on the commitment of other structures such as the skull, brain, eyes and limbs. Diagnosis is supported on clinical findings and it is made a comparation between them for a differential diagnosis, also it is decribed the embryogenic explanation of these dysplasias.