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Resumen Introducción. El ácido fumárico se utiliza en la industria alimenticia como agente reductor, mejorador de textura, agente de leudado, regulador de pH y agente conservante. Objetivo. Evaluar los efectos del ácido fumárico encapsulado y sin encapsular en las propiedades de calidad de muffins. Materiales y métodos. El ácido fumárico con y sin encapsulante se incorporó a una formulación de muffins a un nivel de 0.25 y 0.125 g / g peso seco de harina de trigo. Las propiedades evaluadas fueron actividad de agua, pérdida de peso, altura, volumen específico, parámetros de color y propiedades texturales de muffins. Además, se verificó el comportamiento, durante el almacenamiento, de la firmeza y aceptación sensorial de una muestra sin ácido fumárico (control) y el tratamiento que presentó los mejores resultados en las pruebas de calidad. Resultados. Los niveles de adición de ácido fumárico utilizados no afectaron significativamente la actividad de agua, pérdida de peso, altura y parámetros de color de las muestras. La formulación seleccionada para evaluar el comportamiento en el almacenamiento durante 8 días fue la que contenía 0.25% de ácido fumárico encapsulado con respecto a la harina de trigo por tener el mayor volumen y los menores valores de firmeza. Conclusión. Los muffins con ácido fumárico encapsulado a 0.25% presentaron menor firmeza que la muestra control durante todo el tiempo de almacenamiento. Además, no se obtuvieron diferencias significativas en las características sensoriales de estos muffins, comprobando la efectividad de este aditivo como mejorador de la calidad en productos de repostería.
Abstract Introduction. Fumaric acid is used in the food industry as a reducing agent, texture improver, leavening agent, pH regulator and preservative. Objective. Evaluate the effects of encapsulated and non-encapsulated fumaric acid on the quality properties of muffins. Materials and methods. Fumaric acid with and without encapsulant was incorporated into a muffins formulation at a level of 0.25 and 0.125 g/g of wheat flour on a dry weight basis. Water activity, weight loss, height, specific volume, color parameters and textural properties of muffins were evaluated. In addition, the storage behavior of the firmness and sensory acceptance of a sample without fumaric acid (control) and the treatment that presented the best results in the quality tests was assessed. Results. The levels of fumaric acid used in muffins did not significantly affect the water activity, weight loss, height and color parameters of the samples. The formulation selected to evaluate the storage behavior for 8 days was the sample with 0.25% of encapsulated fumaric acid with respect to wheat flour because it had the highest volume and the lowest values of firmness. Conclusion. The muffins with 0.25% encapsulated fumaric acid had lower firmness than the control sample during the storage. Moreover, no significant differences were found in the sensory characteristics of these two samples, proving the effectiveness of this additive as a quality improver in bakery products.
Resumo Introduςấo. O ácido fumárico é utilizado na indústria alimentar como um agente redutor, melhorador de textura, agente de fermentaςấo, regulador do pH e conservante. Objetivo. Avaliar os efeitos do ácido fumárico encapsulado e nấo encapsulado nas propriedades de qualidade de queques. Materiais e Métodos. Ácido fumárico com e sem encapsulante juntou queques formulaςão a um nível de 0.25 e 0.125 g / g de peso seco de farinha de trigo. As propriedades avaliadas foram atividade de água, perda de peso, altura, volume específico, parâmetros de cor e propriedades de textura de muffins. Além disso, o comportamento em armazenamento de firmeza e aceitação sensorial de uma amostra sem ácido fumárico (controlo) e tratamento apresentou os melhores resultados em testes de qualidade verificada. Resultados. Não houve diferenças significativas nos níveis de adição de ácido fumárico utilizado na actividade de água, obteve-se perda de peso, altura e cor parâmetros das amostras. A formulação seleccionada para avaliar o desempenho em armazenamento durante 8 dias foi a amostra que contém 0.25% de ácido fumárico encapsulado em relação à farinha de trigo por ter o maior volume e os menores valores de firmeza. Conclusão. Queques com ácido fumárico encapsulados para 0.25% tiveram menor firmeza do que a amostra de controlo ao longo do tempo de armazenamento. Além disso, não houve diferenças significativas foram obtidos nas características sensoriais destas duas amostras, a verificação da eficácia deste aditivo como o improver da qualidade em produtos de panificação e confeitaria.
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Objective To explore clinical effect of metacentric particles with bisoprolol fumarate pesos on the elderly patients with heart failure with ventricular arrhythmia treatment.Methods In August 2013 to April 2016, 102 cases of elderly patients in our hospital heart failure with ventricular arrhythmia were selected as research object, according to touch the ball method, they were divided into control group and experimental group, each group of 51 cases, control group was given bisoprolol fumarate pesos, on this basis, the experimental group was combined use of metacentric particles.Two groups of clinical curative effect were compared .Results The experimental group and control group rate of sinus heart rate to maintain statistical comparison of the experimental group was higher than control group ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),group total effective rate was significantly higher than the control group ( P <0.05 ) , the incidence of adverse reactions were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05),the control group and experimental group heart rate compared before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference, but after treatment, the experimental group was lower than the control group, the differe nce was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Metacentric particles with bisoprolol fumarate pesos for elderly patients with heart failure with ventricular arrhythmia in clinical curative effect is distinct, high safety.
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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a slowly progressive, immunologically mediated disease of the CNS. The recent years have witnessed great efforts in establishing new therapeutic options for multiple sclerosis. There is a clear need for more effective, safe and at the same time orally available treatment options. Here we review the recently approved drug Dimethyl fumarate (DMF, Tecfidera®) as a new therapeutic option for MS and its role in context to the existing oral treatment options for MS. Dimethyl fumarate is the methyl ester of fumaric acid and has been claimed to possess immunomodulatory properties and is already in clinical use as Fumaderm for severe systemic psoriasis. In addition, Dimethyl fumarate was also shown to act on the blood-brain barrier and exert neuroprotective properties via activation of anti-oxidative pathways and displayed beneficial effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model mimicking many aspects of MS. Based on two global phase III studies. Dimethyl fumarate has been clinically proven to significantly reduce important measures of disease activity, including relapses and development of brain lesions, as well as to slow disability progression over time, while demonstrating a favourable safety and tolerability profile.
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Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of Fumaderm® in Freund's complete adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in Spraque-Dawley rats. Methods: Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) was established by intradermal injection of 0.1 mL of Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA) in the palmar surface of the right hindpaw and Fumaderm® was delivered by oral gavage for 28 days. After CFA injection, the edema of the hindpaw was determined every two days. On 28 days after CFA injection, the lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood and the cytokines were determined by flow cytometry, meanwhile the histopathological examination of ankle-joints of the animals was performed. Results: Fumaderm® had a significant therapeutic effect on AIA. The hindpaw swelling was reduced significantly in a dose-dependent manner. The ratio of peripheral blood T lymphocytes was improved obviously. Multiparameter cytokine analysis from peripheral blood CD4+ T cells showed a decrease of proinflammatory cytokines and an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in Fumaderm® treated animals. A strongly reduced inflammatory response in the joint synovium was observed. Conclusion: Fumaderm® has potential anti-inflammatory effects on AIA rats. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism involved in the clinical effect observed in the AIA model.
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Objective To study the therapeutic effect of Fumaderm in Freund' complete adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) in Spraque-Dawley rats. Methods Adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) was established by intradermal injection of 0.1 mL of Freund' complete adjuvant (CFA) in the palmar surface of the right hindpaw and Fumaderm was delivered by oral gavage for 28 days. After CFA injection, the edema of the hindpaw was determined every two days. On 28 days after CFA injection, the lymphocyte subsets of peripheral blood and the cytokines were determined by flow cytometry, meanwhile the histopathological examination of ankle-joints of the animals was performed. Results Fumaderm had a significant therapeutic effect on AIA. The hindpaw swelling was reduced significantly in a dose-dependent manner. The ratio of peripheral blood T lymphocytes was improved obviously. Multiparameter cytokine analysis from peripheral blood CD4+ T cells showed a decrease of proinflammatory cytokines and an increase of anti-inflammatory cytokines in Fumaderm treated animals. A strongly reduced inflammatory response in the joint synovium was observed. Conclusion Fumaderm has potential anti-inflammatory effects on AIA rats. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism involved in the clinical effect observed in the AIA model.
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Um experimento foi realizado para avaliar o desempenho de porcas lactantes e suas leitegadas alimentadas com dietas contendo silagem de grãos úmidos de milho com ou sem ácidos orgânicos. Foram utilizadas 15 porcas híbridas em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três tratamentos (dieta controle, dieta com adição de 0,5% de ácido benzóico e dieta com adição de 0,5% de ácido fumárico) com cinco repetições cada. As dietas elaboradas com silagem de grãos úmidos de milho com ácido benzóico ou ácido fumárico não alteraram (P>0,05) a espessura de toucinho e o consumo médio diário de ração. O ganho médio diário (0,22kg) e o peso vivo médio ao desmame (6,2kg) dos leitões não diferiram (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos. A adição dos ácidos fumárico e benzóico nas dietas elaboradas com silagem de grãos úmidos de milho não altera os desempenhos de porcas lactantes e de suas leitegadas.
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of lactating sows and their piglets fed with high moisture corn diets with or without organic acids. Fifteen sows were used in a randomized complete block with three treatments (control diet; control diet with 0.5% of benzoic acid; control diet with 0.5% of fumaric acid) with five replications each. The diets were elaborated within a 24h period. Diets elaborated with high moisture corn with benzoic or fumaric acids did not modify (P>0.05) the backfat thickness and the average daily feed intake. The average daily weight gain (0.22kg) and average weaning live weight (6.2kg) of piglets were not influenced (P>0.05) between treatments. The addition of organic acids in diets containing high moisture corn does not alter the performance of lactating sows and piglets.
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Objective To study the influence of aldehydes and tannic acid on soft capsules, approach how to prevent soft capsules from delayed disintegration. Methods Add aldehydes and tannic acid to soft capsules material ingredient, to proceed accelerating stability trial and test the disintegration time. Result Little increase of aldehydes amount had great effect on the disintegration time of soft capsules, different aldehydes and tannic acid had different effect on the disintegration time, adding some organic acid such as fumaric acid to the material would improve disintegrating property. Conclusion The amount of aldehydes and tannic acid contained in the material and ingredient should be controlled strictly when prepare soft capsules so that the disintegration time of capsules could be complying with the Pharmacopeia.
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OBJECTIVE: To establish an HPLC method for the determination of fumaric acid in Pleurotm citrinopileatus. METHODS: HPLC was performed on Yilite C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with methanol-0.01 mol?L-1 potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution(5 ∶ 95,pH adjusted to 2.5 using phosphoric acid) as mobile phase and detection wavelength of 216 nm. RESULTS: The linear range of fumaric acid was 0.16～1.6 ?g (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 101.59% (RSD=1.28%,n=6). CONCLUSION: This method is accurate, simple and reproducible for the content determination of fumaric acid in P. citrinopileatus.