Fundo de apoio ao esporte do Distrito Federal: uma análise crítica sobre a origem, o montante e a destinação dos gastos / Federal District sports support fund: a critical analysis of the origin, amount, and allocation of expenses / Fondo de apoyo deportivo del Distrito Federal: un análisis crítico sobre el origen, el monto y la asignación de los gastos

Este artigo teve como objetivo analisar a configuração atual do Fundo de Apoio ao Esporte do Distrito Federal - FAE, a partir de uma metodologia crítica de análise do financiamento de políticas sociais. Os resultados demonstraram dependência em relação à fonte de recursos advindos das loterias federais, baixo percentual de execução financeira, predominância de financiamento de projetos focalizados no esporte de alto rendimento e descumprimento da legislação vigente na destinação dos gastos. Como conclusão, entende-se que o FAE pouco tem contribuído para a garantia do direito ao esporte no Distrito Federal.

This article aimed to analyze the current configuration of the Sports Support Fund of the Federal District - FAE, from a critical methodology for analyzing the financing of social policies. The results showed dependence on the source of resources from federal lotteries, low percentage of financial execution, the predominance of financing of projects focused on high-performance sports, and noncompliance with current legislation in the allocation of expenditures. In conclusion, it is understood that the FAE has contributed little to guarantee the right to sport in the Federal District

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar la configuración actual del Fondo de Apoyo al Deporte del Distrito Federal - FAE, a partir de una metodología crítica para analizar el financiamiento de las políticas sociales. Los resultados mostraron dependencia de la fuente de recursos de las loterías federales, bajo porcentaje de ejecución financiera, predominio del financiamiento de proyectos enfocados en deportes de alto rendimiento e incumplimiento de la legislación vigente en la asignación de gastos. En conclusión, se entiende que la FAE ha contribuido poco a la garantía del derecho al deporte en el Distrito Federal.

Financiamento climático: eficácia institucional do Fundo Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima / Financiación climática: eficacia institucional del fondo nacional para el cambio climático / Climate financing: institutional effectiveness of the national fund on climate change

Resumo Atualmente há amplo consenso científico sobre a emergência climática. As organizações públicas têm intensificado ações de mitigação e adaptação, conduzindo financiamentos climáticos por meio de fundos nacionais do clima. Em 2009, foi instituído no Brasil o Fundo Nacional sobre Mudança do Clima (FNMC). As análises sobre financiamento climático se intensificaram a partir de 2020, mas ainda há poucos estudos empíricos documentando as experiências sobre esses fundos. Este artigo contribui para essa lacuna, analisando a eficácia institucional do FNMC mediante pesquisa documental, no período de 2009 a 2020, considerando 21 indicadores distribuídos em cinco dimensões. Identificar quais são os principais desafios para a eficácia institucional do FNMC é importante, pois a sua capacidade e continuidade colaboram com as metas internacionais assumidas pelo Brasil para redução de Gases de Efeito Estufa (GEE) e fortalecem os estudos e investimentos em projetos sobre mudança do clima. Os resultados revelam grande fragilidade na eficácia institucional do FNMC, visto que, nenhuma dimensão tem atendimento satisfatório em todos os seus indicadores, sendo a mobilização de recursos e sustentabilidade o principal desafio para o FNMC.

Resumen Actualmente existe un amplio consenso científico sobre la emergencia climática. Las organizaciones públicas han intensificado las acciones de mitigación y adaptación llevando a cabo la financiación climática a través de fondos nacionales del clima. En 2009, fue instituido en el Brasil el Fondo Nacional sobre el Cambio Climático (FNMC). La investigación sobre financiación climática se ha intensificado desde 2020, pero todavía hay pocos estudios empíricos sobre estos fondos. Este artículo contribuye a este vacío analizando la eficacia institucional del FNMC a través de la investigación documental, en el período de 2009 a 2020, considerando 21 indicadores distribuidos en cinco dimensiones. Identificar los principales desafíos a la eficacia institucional del FNMC es importante, ya que su capacidad y continuidad colaboran con las metas internacionales asumidas por Brasil para la reducción de Gases de Efecto Invernadero (GEI) y fortalecen los estudios e inversiones en proyectos de cambio climático. Los resultados revelan una gran fragilidad en la eficacia institucional del FNMC, ya que ninguna dimensión tiene una asistencia satisfactoria en todos sus indicadores, constituyendo la movilización de recursos y la sostenibilidad los principales desafíos para el FNMC.

Abstract There is broad scientific consensus about the climate emergency. Governments have intensified mitigation and adaptation actions by conducting climate finance through national climate funds. In 2009, the National Fund on Climate Change (FNMC) was established in Brazil. Analyzes on climate finance have intensified after 2020, and there are few empirical studies on these funds. This article contributes to this gap by analyzing the institutional effectiveness of the FNMC through desk research in the period from 2009 to 2020, considering 21 indicators distributed in five dimensions. This study identifies the main challenges to the FNMC's institutional effectiveness, recognizing its importance in helping Brazil meet its commitment to international climate goals by reducing greenhouse gases (GHG), strengthening research, and increasing investments in climate change projects. The results reveal great fragility in the FNMC's institutional effectiveness. None of the five dimensions analyzed had all indicators satisfied, and resource mobilization and sustainability were identified as the main challenges to the FNMC's institutional effectiveness.

A Study On Customer Satisfaction Towards E-Banking Services With Special Reference To Axis Bank In Ramanathapuram Town

In traditional banking, the products and services handed by bank branches are not acceptable to meet the customer needs and solicitation. Customers are the king in any business. Every business should know the customer perception and satisfy their requirements. Customers are precipitously more demanding with precious services customized to their exact requirements, at least bring and instantly done. It is possible by the use of Information technology in banking sector. In Moment's script E-Banking service plays a vital part in attracting new customers and retaining old customers. Without e-banking service no banks can survive in this competitive banking business. E-Banking means the provision of information about a bank and its services through a home runner on the World Wide Web (WWW). E-Banking services give customer access to accounts, the capability to transfer their plutocrat between different accounts, and making payments or applying for loans through E- Channels. Electronic Banking is else called as Internet Banking or Virtual Banking or Online Banking or Web Banking. E – Banking is the medium and rearmost delivery channel to be offered by the retail banks. It handed number of benefits to customer in term of easy to use and at least cost of deals; it may be either through internet, telephone or other electronic delivery channels. Nationalization was a structural change in the performance of marketable banks which redounded in to the emergence of public sector banks. Privatization leads to the emergence of private sector banks and globalization which eased the entry of foreign banks in India. This super study helps to know the satisfaction position of customers towards e – banking services handed by Axis Bank in Ramanathapuram Town. Then E – Banking services includes ATM service, POS using benefit card and credit services, mobile banking and EFT etc.

Atração de investimentos privados para a infraestrutura no Brasil / Atraer inversión privada para infraestructura en Brasil / Attracting private investments for infrastructure in Brazil

Resumo Este estudo busca identificar as principais motivações e barreiras para a atração de investimentos do mercado de capitais para o setor de infraestrutura no Brasil. Entre os resultados da pesquisa, verificou-se que os incentivos variam conforme o tipo de investidor. Pessoas físicas são fortemente atraídas pela isenção fiscal prevista na Lei nº 12.431/2011, para a compra de debêntures incentivadas, e hoje representam um dos principais investidores em infraestrutura no país. Já fundos de pensão domésticos não são incentivados pela isenção da lei - seus investimentos são isentos de Imposto de Renda - e consideram baixo o spread pago pelos emissores das debêntures incentivadas. Investidores estrangeiros avaliam como desfavorável o ambiente de investimentos no país, em função de fatores como a alta volatilidade cambial e a instabilidade política. Conclui-se, portanto, que, para suprir a lacuna de investimentos em infraestrutura, há a necessidade de reformas institucionais mais amplas para atrair investidores de longo prazo. A certificação verde de projetos de infraestrutura representa outra estratégia interessante para a atração de investimentos, sobretudo estrangeiros.

Resumen Este estudio buscó identificar las principales motivaciones y barreras para atraer inversiones del mercado de capitales al sector de infraestructura en Brasil. Entre los resultados de la investigación se encontró que los incentivos varían según el tipo de inversionista. Los inversionistas individuales son fuertemente atraídos por la exención de impuestos prevista en la Ley nº 12.431/2011 para la compra de debentures incentivados y hoy representan uno de los principales inversionistas en infraestructura del país. Los fondos de pensiones nacionales, por su parte, no están incentivados por la exención de la ley (sus inversiones están exentas del Impuesto a la Renta) y consideran bajo el margen pagado por los emisores de debentures incentivados. Los inversionistas extranjeros consideran que el ambiente de inversión en el país es desfavorable, debido a factores como la alta volatilidad del tipo de cambio y la inestabilidad política. Por lo tanto, se concluye que, para llenar el vacío de inversiones en infraestructura, se necesitan reformas institucionales más amplias para atraer inversores a largo plazo. La certificación verde de proyectos de infraestructura representa otra estrategia interesante para atraer inversiones, especialmente extranjeras.

Abstract This study sought to identify the main drivers of and barriers to attracting capital market investments to the infrastructure sector in Brazil. The research findings indicate that the incentives vary according to the type of investor. Individual investors are strongly attracted by the tax exemption provided for in Statute 1,2431/2011 to purchase incentivized debentures, and, today, they represent one of the main investors in infrastructure in the country. On the other hand, domestic pension funds have no incentives based on this piece of legislation (their investments are exempt from income tax). For these pension funds, the spread paid by the issuers of incentivized debentures is low. Foreign investors consider the investment environment in the country to be unfavorable due to factors such as high exchange rate volatility and political instability. Therefore, broader institutional reforms are needed to fill the gap in infrastructure investments and attract long-term investors. Green certification of infrastructure projects represents another interesting strategy for attracting investments, especially foreign investors.

VALUE ADDED TAX AND ECONOMIC GROWTH OF NIGERIA (A CRITICAL APPRAISAL)

This research is focused on the impact of Value Added Tax on Economic Growth in Nigeria. It covers the period between 1999 and 2019. Secondary data sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin as well as Nigeria Bureau of Statistics were utilized. The ordinary least square estimating technique was adopted. The result revealed that Government expenditure, Investment and Value Added Tax were statistically significant to changes in Economic Growth in Nigeria. However, human capital development was not statistically significant to changes in Economic growth with in the period covered by the study. It was therefore recommended that even though Value Added Tax is marginally significant to changes in economic growth, government should not increase it to fund annual budget. Government is also advised to increase acquisition of skills of its labour force to boost human capital segment. Also government should increase capital expenditure which is the productive aspect of her annual expenditure instead of the usual lion share given to recurrent expenditure in annual budget. This is the only way economic growth can be sustainable in Nigeria

Analysis of NSFC-supported programs in the field of psychiatry from 2011 to 2019 / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:To explore the trend of psychiatry development by analyzing the funding of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) from 2011 to 2019, including key programs, general programs, young scientists funds, and talent programs, to provide a reference for the determination of research direction for researchers and the improvement of project management for research managers.Methods:The information on key programs, general programs, young scientists funds, and talent programs in psychiatry from 2011-2019 were retrieved from the NSFC management system and the NSFC result inquiry system of LetPub from 2011 to 2019 and analyzed for their research directions and contents.Results:Total of 947 programs in psychiatry were funded from 2011 to 2019, including 12 key programs, 396 general programs, 335 young scientists funds, and 35 talent programs. The approved programs showed a cyclical fluctuation trend from year to year. The numbers and funding of programs in psychiatry were significantly lower than those of other medical disciplines. The research content gradually changed from basic research to applied basic research. The approved programs were mainly concentrated in research institutions in Beijing and Shanghai. The requirements for program leaders and supporting institutions varied for different program types.Conclusions:NSFC promotes the overall development of research levels in psychiatry with an increasing demand for applied basic research and uneven development of research levels in different regions. Psychiatric talent training and discipline construction need to be strengthened urgently.

Design and application of medical institutions′ intelligent medical insurance audit system / 中华医院管理杂志

In recent years, the medical insurance coverage of China has been increased significantly, and the medical insurance policies have been launched continuously, so the traditional manual audit method is unable to support medical institutions to effectively supervise the medical insurance fund. In view of this situation, a tertiary hospital in Beijing had successfully built an intelligent medical insurance audit system for drugs, diagnosis and treatment projects under key supervision, realized the prior audit and in-process control of the illegal use of medical insurance funds, through the establishment of intelligent audit rules, the design of audit trigger points and the interception level of illegal medical orders, and the establishment of a pre-operational preparation system and continuous improvement mechanism. In March 2021, the hospital officially launched the system. After the application of the system, the amount and quantity of outpatient medical insurance refusal from April to September 2021 were 10 587 yuan and 72 respectively, which decreased by 79.21% and 77.50% compared with the same period in 2020. This system effectively improved the quality and efficiency of medical insurance fund supervision.

Problems and suggestions in the process of hospital scientific research funds management informatization / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:Combined with the development and application of the hospital's current scientific research fund management information system, this paper explores how to further improve the informatization of scientific research fund management.Methods:Through the analysis of the service condition of four information systems, this paper identifies and illustrates problems existed in the process of informatization of scientific research funds.Results:There are some problems in the information system of scientific research funds, such as the failure to realize the " full life cycle" informatization of scientific research funds management, the uneven quality of information system, and lack of top-level design of management team. Route-cause analysis is conducted.Conclusions:It is suggested that the top-level design of information management at the national level, the reform of internal control system in hospitals, the cultivation of inter-disciplinary talent, and the increase of publicity should be taken to improve the informatization management of scientific research funds and improve the efficiency of funds utilization.

Problems and countermeasures in the management of scientific research funds / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:In order to improve the management level of scientific research funds, strengthen the risk prevention and control of scientific research, ensure that scientific research funds are used reasonably and efficiently in compliance with regulatory requirement.Methods:Based on literature review, this article explores the current status and existing problems of scientific research project management from three perspectives: scientific research management systems, principal investigation (PI), and information systems.Taking the construction of the scientific research management work system of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University as an example, discuss measures and countermeasures dealing with existing problems in the management of scientific research funds.Results:The establishment of the scientific research management system to some extent has improved the hospital's scientific research management level and solved the existing problems.Conclusions:Optimization suggestions are provided to further improve the management of funds of scientific research projects.Meanwhile, it provides reference for the management of scientific research funds of other hospitals.

A funds of knowledge approach to promoting school engagement / Os fundos de conhecimento para a promoção do envolvimento escolar / Los fondos de conocimiento para promover la implicación escolar

Research shows that the exclusion of families' funds of knowledge (FoK) from the curriculum contributes to low levels of school engagement. This study is part of an ongoing research project aiming to promote school engagement among students from immigrant backgrounds through the strategic use of FoK. We provide an overview of the project design and explain how it has been implemented in the specific context of early childhood education in a school in Catalonia. A qualitative approach is used to assess the effect of the process from the teacher perspective, contrasting positive aspects with some of the difficulties experienced. We conclude that including families' FoK in pedagogical practice can contribute towards improving student engagement and fostering more inclusive educational environments.

Algumas pesquisas mostram que excluir os fundos de conhecimento (FoK) das famílias do currículo escolar contribui para os baixos níveis de envolvimento na escola. Este estudo é parte de um projeto de pesquisa em andamento que visa promover o envolvimento dos estudantes de origem imigrante na escola, por meio do uso estratégico do FoK. Fornecemos uma visão geral do projeto e explicamos como ele foi implementado no contexto específico da educação infantil em uma escola na Catalunha. Foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa para avaliar o efeito do processo pela perspectiva do professor, contrastando aspectos positivos com algumas das dificuldades vivenciadas. Concluímos que a inclusão do FoK das famílias na prática pedagógica pode contribuir para melhorar o envolvimento dos alunos e promover ambientes educacionais mais inclusivos.

Las investigaciones demuestran que la exclusión de los fondos de conocimiento (FoK) de las familias del currículum contribuye a bajos niveles de compromiso escolar. Este estudio forma parte de una investigación en curso destinada a promover el compromiso escolar entre alumnos de origen inmigrante mediante el uso estratégico de FoK. Proporcionamos una descripción general del diseño del proyecto y explicamos cómo se ha implementado en el contexto específico de educación de primera infancia en un centro escolar en Cataluña. Aplicamos una metodología cualitativa para evaluar el efecto del proceso desde la perspectiva del profesorado, contrastando los aspectos positivos con algunas dificultades experimentadas. Concluimos que la inclusión de los FoK de las familias en la práctica pedagógica puede contribuir a mejorar el compro miso escolar y a fomentar un entorno educativo más inclusivo.

Current situation analysis of ethical review and implementation of animal welfare about animal experiments in hospitals / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective This paper analyzes the situation and problems of animal experiments in hospitals,which including the ethical review,regulatory compliance of animal welfare and animal experimental use,proposing possible measurements for reference.Methods We retrospectively searched Wanfang database,used specific search terms and classification methods to analyze the current situation and problems of ethical review in conducting animal experiment in hospitals.Results In all papers,71 mentioned that the experiment got ethical review approval,accounting for 9.2％;411 mentioned about content of animal welfare,accounting for 53.3％;and 75 referred to the laws and regulations of animal experiments,taking up 9.7％.70 (9.6％) papers focused on both feeding conditions and euthanasia.However,339 (46.4％) papers did not mention any of them.In reference to the approval of animal welfarecommittee,there was a significant difference between funded papers and non-funded papers.In animal welfare,there was no significant difference between papers with funds or not.In the laws and regulations of animal experiment,there were significant differences between state-funded papers and non-state-funded papers.Conclusions So far,when carrying out animal experiments in hospitals,little attention has been paid to the ethical review,so was to the regulatory compliance of animal welfare and animal experimental use.Researchers should constantly strengthen their awareness of animal protection,make sure compliance with the welfare principles of experimental animals,animal protection laws and regulations,and further standardize animal research.

Introduction of the quality control system for the Capital's Funds for Health improvement and research / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To establish the quality control system of the Capital's Funds for Health(CFH),strengthen the process management,and improve the clinical research capacity.Methods The framework,contents and implementation method of the quality control system were developed with comprehensively adopting methodologies of literature analysis,expert discussion,summaries of policy and practice experiences.Results This quality control system of the Capital's Funds for Health is comprised of three tiers.The first tier is self-assessment,the principle investigator takes the responsibility;the second tier is the sponsor verification,the sponsor organization takes the responsibility;the third tier is the independent audit,the CFH office takes the responsibility.The contents of quality control focus on the compliance with ethical approval and informed consent,data authenticity,protocol deviation,progress of project,and quality assurance methods taken during the project implementation.Conclusions This three-tier quality control system of the Capital's Funds for Health provides a new idea and scheme for the quality control of clinical research projects supported by funding agencies in China,and its impacts will be evaluated in next implementation practices.

Discussion on the causes and countermeasures for the problems in budget execution of medical research projects / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective Summarize main problems identified in the budget execution of medical research projects,analyze main causes for proposing improvement countermeasures in daily practice.Methods Based on the auditing work of scientific research expenditure,administrative policies,as well as existed studies,this study conducted analysis and discussions from the perspective of research administrators.Results In this study,budget execution problems are classified into four categories.During recent years,updates and changes in the policy of research funding played important role in solving or relieving some problems in budget execution.However,some factors related to the problems still existed,thus,we put forward some suggestions on the management of scientific research funds from four aspects:multi-department collaboration,promoting the construction of scientific research funds management platform,budget execution training and implementing the financial assistant system.Conclusions The management of scientific research funds is a cooperative activity involving the administrative department of research projects,undertaking units,research groups etc.The unit which undertakes scientific research should coordinate many other departments to strengthen the supervision and management,improve the efficiency of the use of scientific research funds.

Esclerite posterior bilateral simultânea e unilateral recorrente / Simultaneous bilateral and unilateral recurrent posterior scleritis

Resumo Esclerite posterior é uma doença inflamatória ocular que acomete a esclera e cujo diagnóstico é difícil. A clínica da doença envolve a piora da qualidade visual com dor ocular e achados do segmento posterior, como descolamento de retina seroso, dobras de coroide, edema de disco óptico e espessamento escleral. Deve-se ficar atento aos achados sistêmicos, pois, muitas vezes, está associada a doenças como artrite reumatoide, lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, doença inflamatória intestinal e doenças infecciosas, como sífilis e tuberculose. Este trabalho objetiva descrever dois casos: uma paciente com quadro de esclerite posterior bilateral simultânea, sem alterações sistêmicas correlacionadas com a doença. A apresentação bilateral é incomum nesta patologia; e outro caso de esclerite anterior e posterior unilateral recorrente.

Abstract Posterior scleritis is an ocular inflammatory disease that affects the sclera e whose diagnosis is difficult. The main clinical manifestations are worsening of visual quality, ocular pain and finding in the posterior segment, such as serous retinal detachment, choroidal folds, optic disc edema and sclera thickening. We should award for systemic findings, because it is often accompanied by rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, inflammatory bowel disease and infections, such as syphilis and tuberculosis.This paper aims to describe two cases: one patient with simultaneous bilateral posterior scleritis without systemic alterations correlated with the disease. Bilateral presentation is uncommon in this pathology; and another case of recurrent unilateral anterior and posterior scleritis.

The management of scientific research funds in an intelligent university / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To Strengthen the management of scientific research funds,and improve the efficiency of the research funds.Methods Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the management of scientific research funds,this paper focuses on the information system of scientific research fund management.Results The information system of research funds is helpful to improve the internal control of scientific research fund and improve the management efficiency.Conclusions Through the establishment of effective management system,the information system of research fund has achieved better management effect in the background of intelligent campus.

Issues and countermeasures in utilization and management of scientific research funds / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective To understand the current situation and problems of scientific research funds using in scientific institutions in order to explore possible solutions.Methods Five financial department directors of municipal medical research institutions and eight project investigators under the supervision of higher authorities have been interviewed,information data was analyzed by the subject framework method.Results Certain problems were identified during the use of scientific research funds,for example,unprofessional budgeting,lack of compliance during the using process,inappropriate management of budget adjustment,left over funds and so on.Conclusions Some possible solutions were proposed in this article,for instance,strengthen the discretion of scientific research funds management,setting up the financial assistant system of scientific research funds,construction of informative accounting management platform.

Necessity and assumption of hospital scientific research fund management platform / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective Build the hospital scientific research management platform.Methods According to expenditure process and the management standard requirements,the establishment of a fund management system platform to achieve budget、accounted for,spending and audit feedback function.Results Scientific research funds management platform is mainly composed of project application,project establishment and review,the report query and remittance receipt of financial department.Full consideration of the personnel,project,financial and other related system interface.In the construction of data using the standards of the state and the university scientific research information.Conclusions Through building the hospital scientific research management platform,improving the working efficiency,reducing the labor intensity of the management and financial personnel,realizing the accuracy and effectiveness of management.

A study on the influence of medical insurance paying proportion to hierarchical diagnosis and treatment / 预防医学

Objective To analyze the influence of medical insurance paying proportion to hierarchical diagnosis and treatment, and to provide basis for the improvement of hierarchical diagnosis and treatment. Methods Data about average number of visits of insured residents in 2015 were obtained from Hangzhou medical insurance service database. Differences between visits to Community Health Service Centers (CHSC) of residents having Medical Insurance of Urban and Rural Residents (MIURR) and residents having Urban Employees' Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI) were compared. And differences stratified by signed contracted services offered by General Practitioners (GPs) or not were further analyzed. Results Proportion of visits to CHSCs in all visits to medical institutions in residents with MIURR was 77.22%, which was significantly higher than the proportion in residents with UEBMI was 51.26%. In the residents with UEBMI, and the proportion of visits to CHSCs in all visits to medical institutions of the group sighed contracted services offered by GPs was significantly higher than the group non-sighed. Conclusion Increasing the gap between reimbursement ratio of CHSCs and higher medical institutions plays an important role in guiding health-seeking behavior of residents. Reformation of medical insurance payment and contracted services will guide residents to seek medical treatment and effective referral.

Analysis on Funded and Completed Projects of Young Scientist Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China in TCM Field from 1989 to 2015 / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To discuss the present situation and existing problems of the funded projects, especially in the gap between western region and eastern central region by analyzing the funding situation of the projects funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the completed projects in the TCM field from 1989 to 2015. Methods The website was searched thoroughly, and data of Division Ⅹ of Health Science Department of National Natural Science Foundation of China from 1989 to 2015 (ie TCM, Chinese materia medica and integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine) funded by the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists in China were obtained, and the projects of the National Science Foundation for Young Scientists funded by Division Ⅹ of Health Science Department of National Natural Science Foundation of China from 1989 to 2015 were included, and incomplete or inavailable items were eliminated. Relevant information according to the extracted forms was extracted. The situation of different regions and the situations of the projects have been concluded and the titles of different titles have been analyzed. Results By 2015, the number of funded projects and the amount of financing in the TCM field were increasing year by year. In the western regions, the number of funded projects and the amount of financing accounted for only 11.29% of the total number and 11.28% of the total financing. Compared with the less supporting western regions, much more were mainly in eastern and central regions. The number of SCI papers published and single cited times of the finished projects were 988 and 20.85. Compared with the developed areas in eastern and central regions, there was no statistical significance in the average number of SCI papers (P=0.493), average SCI papers cited article number (P=0.449), SCI papers in average cited frequency (P=0.589), the average CSCD papers number (P=0.579), average CSCD papers cited article number (P=0.883) and average single CSCD papers cited frequency (P=0.753) in western regions (P>0.05). Conclusion Under the stable supports of the Young Scientists Fund, scientific researches in the TCM field have achieved remarkable achievements. In addition, the ability of scientific research and innovation of the young scientific workers have been improved. The funded projects in western regions are far less than those in eastern and central regions, with great differences. However, there is no statistical significance in the research results of the items in western regions and eastern and central regions.

Direito e Dever Constitucional Fundamental à Saúde e Responsabilidade Financeira e Criminal pelos Dinheiros Públicos / Fundamental Constitutional Right and Duty to Health and Financial and Criminal Accountability for Public Funds / Derecho y Deber Constitucional Fundamental de la Salud y Responsabilidad Financiera y Penal por los Fondos Públicos

A concretização do Direito Constitucional Fundamental Social à Saúde é fundamental. É necessário, adequado e proporcional, respeitar os princípios constitucionais da transparência e da responsividade às exigências da população, da prestação de contas e própria responsabilidade. Tudo isto também abarca o desenvolvimento de princípios constitucionais que sejam de anticorrupção. Também no direito constitucional à protecção da saúde. A responsabilidade financeira e criminal pode constituir um incentivo à melhoria da gestão dos dinheiros públicos e a uma melhor efectivação dos princípios constitucionais fundamentais. Nomeadamente no tema do direito à saúde. As áreas constitucional, administrativa, penal, de gestão pública e de ciência de administração e boa governança também no sector da saúde, devem ser articuladas numa só estratégia. Tanto em Portugal como no Brasil.

The implementation of Fundamental Constitutional Health and Social Rights is necessary, appropriate and proportionate, following the demands of the population. Accountability and self-responsibility play a very important role. This requires the development of constitutional principles that protect public funds against corruption and offer a constitutional right to health protection. Financial and criminal liability might provide an incentive to improve the management of public funds and reinforce fundamental constitutional principles, particularly regarding the right to health. Constitutional, administrative and criminal issues, as well as public management and administration and the science of good governance, should be articulated in a single strategy also in the health sector. In Portugal and Brazil also.

: La aplicación de la Ley constitucional fundamental de la Salud Social es clave. Es necesaria, adecuada y proporcionada conforme a los principios constitucionales de transparencia y capacidad de respuesta a las necesidades de la población, la responsabilidad y la propia responsabilidad. Todo esto también incluye el desarrollo de los principios constitucionales que son anti-corrupción. También en el derecho constitucional a la protección de la salud. La responsabilidad financiera y criminal puede ser un incentivo para mejorar la gestión de los fondos públicos y mejorar la aplicación de los principios constitucionales fundamentales. En particular, la cuestión del derecho a la salud. Las áreas penales, la administración pública administrativa constitucional y ciencia de la gestión y el buen gobierno también en el sector de la salud, deben articularse en una sola estrategia. Tanto en Portugal y Brasil. Palabras-llave: derechos