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Abstract: Introduction: IHD has become an important long-term end point for RA patients independent of traditional CVRF. Therefore, cardiovascular injury and mortality might be due to the presence of a chronic systematic inflammatory response. Nonetheless, there is a gap in its diagnosis since symptoms remain silent until major events occur. Objective: We aimed to evaluate by gated single-photon emission computed tomography (g-SPECT). Myocardial perfusion in asymptomatic Mexican patients with RA and at least one traditional CVRF, and without history of angina. Patients and methods: A prospective study with a total number of 91 patients was conducted. We evaluated CVRF and RA characteristics. We non-invasively assessed them with g-SPECT to reveal ischemia, territories and severity. We calculated relative risks and 95% CI of ischemia given the associated variables. Results: 22 (24.2%) patients presented ischemia, half of them in the LAD territory. Regarding CVRF and disease's characteristics; only smokers and patients under a steroid treatment were at more risk to present ischemia (0.49 [0.24 to 0.98] and 2.04 [1.01 to 4.14], respectively) with a p = 0.046. Conclusion: We have contributed with additional evidence to strategically diagnose IHD in patients with RA even if they have no symptoms and independently of the existence of cardiovascular risk factors to prevent and reduce cardiovascular mortality.
Resumen: Introducción: La IC se ha convertido en un importante punto de partida a largo plazo para los pacientes con AR independientemente de los FRCV tradicionales. Por lo tanto, las lesiones cardiovasculares y la mortalidad podrían deberse a la presencia de una respuesta inflamatoria sistemática crónica. Sin embargo, hay una brecha en su diagnóstico ya que los síntomas permanecen en silencio hasta que ocurren eventos importantes. Objetivo: Evaluar mediante tomografía computarizada de emisión de un solo fotón (g-SPECT). Perfusión miocárdica en pacientes mexicanos asintomáticos con AR y al menos un FRCV tradicional, sin antecedentes de angina. Pacientes y métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo con un número total de 91 pacientes. Se evaluaron las características FRCV y AR. Los evaluamos de forma no invasiva con g-SPECT para revelar isquemia, territorios y severidad. Se calcularon los riesgos relativos la isquemia de 95% dadas las variables asociadas. Resultados: Veintidós (24.2%) pacientes presentaron isquemia, la mitad de ellos en territorio LAD. Respecto a los FRCV y características de la enfermedad; sólo los fumadores y los pacientes sometidos a un tratamiento con esteroides presentaron mayor riesgo de presentar isquemia (0.49 [0.24 a 0.98] y 2.04 [1.01 a 4.14], respectivamente) con p = 0.046. Conclusión: Hemos aportado pruebas adicionales para diagnosticar la isquemia estratégicamente en los pacientes con AR, incluso si no tienen síntomas y con independencia de la existencia de factores de riesgo cardiovascular para prevenir y reducir la mortalidad cardiovascular.
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Objective: To dynamically evaluate left ventricular perfusion, global and local functional changes during left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) formation and to explore the relationship between the size of LVA and LVEF, LVESV, LVEDV by gated99mTc-MIBI SPECT (GSPECT) and gated18F-FDG PET metabolic (GPET) imaging in experimental pigs. Methods: LVA model was established by occlusion of left circumlfex artery (LCX) and placing an Ameroid constrictor at the proximal end of left anterior descending artery (LAD) in a total of 16 Chinese mini-pigs. At the 1st, 4th and 8th weeks of surgery, the changes of total perfusion defect (TPD), LVA formation and LVEF, LVESV, LVEDV were dynamically evaluated by GSPECT and GPET; the relationships between the size of LVA and LVEF, LVESV, LVEDV were analyzed respectively.Results: There were 5 pigs died in surgery and 2 died at the 1st week of modeling. According to golden (pathological) standard, 9 animals successfully ifnished the dynamic imaging study. At the 1st week of (basic) modeling, 4 animals formed large LVA, 2 formed small LVA at the apex and 3 without LVA formation. At the 4th and 8th weeks of modeling, dynamic imaging presented that the animals with large LVA had gradually increased range and degree of perfusion defect, LVEDV, LVESV, while gradually decreased LVEF; the above indexes were relatively stable in animals with small or none LVA. In addition, the size of LVA was related to LVEF (r=-7.26), LVEDV (r=0.855) and LVESV (r=0.825), allP<0.05. Conclusion: In experimental pigs, at the beginning of LVA formation, large range and severe perfusion defect may cause large aneurysm, the LV functional damage and remodeling may gradually increase and the prognosis is poor; in contrast, the animals with small or none LVA have better prognosis and usually without ventricular remodeling; which implies that in acute phase of LVA formation, the size of aneurysm may predict the trend of global LV systolic function and remodeling at the early stage.