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Background: The substance abuse is gradually becoming one of the major public health issues of present day India. Many factors influence the pattern of substance abuse, including age, sex, educational level, social support, cultural factors, availability of drugs and the presence of cognitive or psychiatric problems. This study was planned to find out the clinical and socio-demographic profile of substance abusing persons.Methods: The study was conducted in the Out-patient facility of the Department of Psychiatry, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Institute Of Medical Science and Research, Srinagar (Uttarakhand), starting from 23 September 2015. One hundred consecutive treatment seeking subjects fulfilling International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10), criteria for Mental and behavioural disorders due to psychoactive substance use were included in the study. All the participants were required to sign an informed consent approved by the institutional ethical committee before being enrolled in the study. All the subjects included in the study were administered a self-structured proforma to elicit the clinical and socio-demographic variables.Results: One hundred patients consisting of 95 men (95%) and 05 women (05%) were included. The average age of the sample was 39.68 years (SD=11.97). As for the socio-demographic variables other than age, 87% of the patients were married, 62% patients were living in nuclear families and 66% belonged to the rural areas. 79% patients were educated up to high school and above and only 06% were illiterate. Alcohol was the most frequently abused substance seen in 78% patients followed by tobacco smoking in 58% of the study subjects. Peer Pressure was cited as the most common reason for the initiation of substance abuse by 75 (75%) patients.Conclusions: Alcohol was the most commonly abused substance. Substance abuse was higher in married, educated males from rural areas living in nuclear families.
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Background: India was the first country to start family planning program in 1952. In the first 50 years there have been many changes in India. The family planning program name was changed from time to time. At the present scenario, its name is Reproductive and Child Health. In this study, authors evaluate utilization of family planning services with an objective to compare distribution of family planning services between the two regions of Uttarakhand: Garhwal and Kumaon.Methods: In this study, data mining was done using secondary database with the permission from International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) NFHS-4 data to carried out during 2015-2016 in Uttarakhand, India and estimate of the values for all the parameters of Family Planning was estimated. A statistical Z-score test was performed in the estimated of proportions in all study parameters of the family planning.Results: The study indicates that between the two divisions Garhwal has more utilization of family planning services as comparatively higher than Kumaon. Pithoragarh from the Kumaon division has more utilization proportion of family planning services in comparison to the other districts in the division, while Almora were recorded as the minimum use of family planning services. Uttarkashi in Garhwal region accounted for major proportion of utilization of family planning services, while Haridwar had minor proportions.Conclusions: Though overall utilization of family planning services of Uttarakhand is far better than other states in India but between the two divisions, Kumaon requires more attention in terms of utilizing services and awareness programmes. In fact, certain districts in Garhwal also require intervention from the Government to improve health quality. Both hilly and urban districts have different issues, which needs to be targeted to improve the health quality of the state.
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Background: Patients who leave against medical advice (LAMA) is a universal problem. Neonates being unable to decide for their own, are dependent on parents for all decisions for their treatment. LAMA is a sensitive issue in neonatology practice with ethical and medico legal ramifications. This study was done to evaluate the factors associated with the decision of LAMA by care givers in our special newborn care unit (SNCU).Methods: This is a retrospective hospital based observational study and was conducted in SNCU of HNB Base Teaching Hospital, Srinagar, Garhwal. Data pertaining to LAMA between 1st August 2017 and 31st July 2018 was retrieved. Information obtained included place of birth, gestational age, weight, diagnoses, duration of hospital stay and reasons for LAMA. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel Spread Sheet and analyzed using software. Graph Pad Prism v 7.04. Chi-Square test was used to test for significant difference among various groups.Results: Out of 689 neonates admitted in SNCU during the study period, 167 (24.24%) took LAMA. Male to female ratio of 1:1.1. 102 (61%) were inborn and 65 (39%) were out born. Term babies constituted 62.87%. 78.44% neonates were discharged within 7 days of admission. 58 (34.73%) neonates had sepsis and 30 (17.96%) had birth asphyxia. The commonest reason in 25.15% for taking LAMA was to take the neonate to better equipped facility followed by false perception that the baby is well enough to be discharged.Conclusions: Multiple factors contribute for getting a neonate discharged against medical advice. Improvement of infrastructure, training of health care staff for proper counselling, sensitivity and empathy towards neonate and the care givers can decrease the rate of LAMA.
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Background: Maternal mortality remains a biggest setback in developing nations like India. Almost 90% of maternal deaths can be prevented by timely intervention, antenatal care acts as an effective tool to reduce both maternal and infant mortality. The objective of this study is to assess the utilization of antenatal care services in two divisions of Uttarakhand: Kumaun and Garhwal.Materials and Methods: The study was carried out using secondary data source i.e. NFHS-4 data of Uttarakhand which is divided into two regions, Garhwal and Kumaun. Statistical test i.e. Z-test is used for the comparison between two regions and within inter districts of Uttarakhand.Result: The results of this study indicates that between the two regions i.e Kumaun has better utilization of maternal health care facilities. Nainital district recorded best and Pithoragarh district recorded the least utilization of ANC services in Kumaun division. In Garhwal division, district Chamoli and Dehradun recorded highest utilization of maternal health care services whereas Rudraprayag and Tehri-Garhwal had discouraging statistics.Conclusion: Uttarakhand has immensely progressed in terms of maternal health in recent times; still there are some key areas that require immediate attention. Certain districts in both Garhwal and Kumaun division need assistance to improve maternal health care seeking behavior amongst the mother and the family. Dissemination of information and benefits regarding the utilization of ANC services should be encouraged to achieve a reduction in maternal mortality.
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Background: India accounts for 24% of global neonatal mortality. It is important to study the mortality and morbidity pattern as it helps to implement new treatment protocols, interventions, planning and policy making which helps in better survival and improvement in the quality of life among survivors. The aim of the project study was to determine the causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates admitted in our hospital.Methods: This study was conducted at Special Newborn Care Unit (SNCU) of Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali Government Institute of Medical Science and Research providing level II neonatal care. This is a retrospective hospital based observational study. Data from admission and discharge registers were extracted, compiled and analyzed from March 2016 to February 2018. Neonates taken against medical advice and those referred to tertiary care centers were excluded in calculation of survival outcome. Statistical analysis was done in form of percentage, proportions and chi square test was used to find statistical significance.Results: 1582 neonates were admitted during the study period. 60.80% were inborn and 39.20% were outborn. 59.54% were male and 40.46% were female. Major causes of admission were jaundice (24.72%), sepsis (20.48%), birth asphyxia (18.52%), meconium aspiration syndrome (10.11%). Birth asphyxia was the major cause of mortality, followed by sepsis and prematurity. Mortality was more in outborn babies 14.67% compared to inborn babies 9.80%.Conclusions: Neonatal jaundice, birth asphyxia and sepsis were the commonest causes of morbidity. Common causes of mortality were birth asphyxia and sepsis and prematurity. More deliveries at institutions with SNCU facility, early identification of danger signs and timely referral to tertiary care centers can prevent neonatal deaths.
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A survey of villages of Garhwal region was done to identify medicinally important plants used by local peoples of that region against different women ailments. Paper deals with 67 plant species of 42 families as a herbal medicines described by local peoples used for different women ailments i.e., Leucorrhoea, menstrual disorders, Menorrhagia, Poor lactation, uterus infection, abortion, Deliverythe samples.