Gastroprotective Activities of Sennoside A and Sennoside B via the Up-Regulation of Prostaglandin E2 and the Inhibition of H+/K+-ATPase

Sennoside A (erythro) and sennoside B (threo) are dianthrone glycosides and diastereomers. We investigated their abilities to prevent the gastric lesions associated with diseases, such as, gastritis and gastric ulcer. To elucidate their gastroprotective effects, the inhibitions of HCl*EtOH-induced gastritis and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers were assessed in rats. It was observed that both sennoside A and sennoside B increased prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels and inhibited H+/K+-ATPase (proton pump). In a rat model, both compounds reduced gastric juice, total acidity and increased pH, indicating that proton pump inhibition reduces gastric acid secretion. Furthermore, sennoside A and B increased PGE2 in a concentration-dependent manner. In a gastric emptying and intestinal transporting rate experiment, both sennoside A and sennoside B accelerated motility. Our results thus suggest that sennoside A and sennoside B possess significant gastroprotective activities and they might be useful for the treatment of gastric disease.

Lesiones preneoplásicas gástricas en pacientes colombianos: asociación de polimorfismos genéticos interleucinas 1B-511, 1RN, 10-819, 10-1082, factor de necrosis tumoral-&alpha -308 y anticuerpos inmunoglobulina G hacia cagA de Helicobacter pylori / Pre-cancerous gastric lesions in Colombian patients: association with IL-1B-511, IL-1RN, IL-10-919, IL-10-1082, TNF-&alpha -308 genes polymorphisms, and anti-Helicobacter pylori cagA IgG antibodies

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de los polimorfismos de alguna de las citocinas más estudiadas en relación con el cáncer gástrico (IL-1B-511, IL-1RN intron-2-VNTR, TNF-α-308, IL-10-819 e IL-10- 1082) y la presencia de anticuerpos hacia la proteína cagA de Helicobacter pylori con las lesiones preneoplásicas gástricas en pacientes colombianos. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron 185 pacientes con lesiones preneoplásicas (gastritis atrófca, metaplasia intestinal y displasia), y 154 controles (gastritis no atrófica), provenientes de hospitales de una zona de riesgo alto y otra de riesgo bajo para cáncer gástrico. Se obtuvieron biopsias gástricas y muestras de sangre; la genotipificación de los polimorfismos se hizo por discriminación alélica usando PCR en tiempo real y por PCR convencional y electroforesis en agarosa (VNTR del intron 2 de IL-1RN); la serología de Helicobacter pylori y Helicobacter pylori cagA se determinó por ELISA. Se utilizó regresión logística multinomial en el análisis estadístico. Resultados: El genotipo IL-1B-511TT (odds ratio = 4,05; intervalo de confianza 95% 1,35-12,10) se asoció a metaplasia intestinal; no se observaron otras asociaciones entre los diferentes polimorfismos y las lesiones preneoplásicas. La infección por Helicobacter pylori cagA positivo se asoció a gastritis atrófica, metaplasia intestinal y displasia (OR = 2,66; 13,70; 40,29, respectivamente). Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que entre los genotipos proinflamatorios el genotipo IL-1B-511TT estaría asociado a la metaplasia intestinal, y la serología de Helicobacter pylori cagA positivo sería un biomarcador útil para intervenir y prevenir la presencia de lesiones preneoplásicas. Se necesitan otros estudios con población colombiana que evalúen la asociación hallada de IL1B-511 con la metaplasia intestinal.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship of some of the most studied cytokines (IL-1B-511, IL-1RN intron-2-VNTR, TNF-a-308, IL-10-819, and IL-10-1082) with gastric cancer, as well as the presence of anti-Helicobacter pylori cagA IgG antibodies with pre-cancerous lesions in Colombian patients. Materials and methods: A study was conducted on 185 patients with pre-cancerous lesions (atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia), and 154 controls (non-atrophic gastritis), seen in hospitals in a high risk area, and another in a low risk area, for gastric cancer. Gastric biopsy specimens and blood samples were obtained. The genotyping of the polymorphisms was performed by allelic discrimination using real-time PCR, conventional PCR, and agarose electrophoresis (VNTR of IL-1RN intron 2). The serology of Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter pylori cagA was determined by ELISA. A multinomial logistic regression was used in the statistical analysis. Results: The IL-1B-511TT genotype was associated with intestinal metaplasia (OR=4.05; 95% CI; 1.35-12.10). No other relationships were observed between the different polymorphisms and preimg/revistas/rcc/cancerous lesions. Infection due to a positive Helicobacter pylori cagA was associated with atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia (OR=2.66; 13.70; 40.29, respectively). Conclusion: The results suggest that, among the pro-inflammatory genotypes, the IL-1B-511TT would be associated with intestinal metaplasia, and that a positive Helicobacter pylori cagA serology could be a useful biomarker for the intervention and prevention of pre-cancerous lesions. Further studies are required in the Colombian population in order to evaluate the relationship found between IL1B-511 and intestinal metaplasia.

Palm tocotrienol-rich fraction supplementation suppressed stress-induced gastric oxidative stress in rats.

Palm tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF), an extract from palm oil containing both tocotrienol and tocopherol, is known for its antioxidant effect. The present study investigated the effect of palm TRF on the stomach using a water immersion restraint stress (WRS) model. Fortytwo male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups and were administered 60 mg/kg/d of palm TRF, α-tocopherol or vehicle only for 28 days. At the end of the treatment period, half of the rats from each group were subjected to WRS for 3.5 hours, after which the rats were sacrificed. The stomachs were then examined for lesions and measured for thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content and xanthine oxidase activity. Rats exposed to WRS showed gastric mucosal lesions. Pretreatments of the palm TRF and α-tocopherol reduced the occurrence of the lesions. WRS also increased gastric malondialdehyde content and xanthine oxidase activity significantly, but the increase in the oxidative stress parameters were significantly suppressed by both vitamin E pretreatments. However, the effects of palm TRF and α-tocopherol on the parameters measured were not different. In conclusion, palm TRF has the ability to protect against gastric mucosal injury, likely via its ability to inhibit oxidative stress.

Antiulcer activity of Garcinia indica linn fruit rinds.

Garcinia indica Linn (Clusiaceae), a medicinal plant mentioned in Ayurveda has been used for treatment of liver disorders, dysentery, sunstroke, cancer and heart diseases. The present study was undertaken to investigate ulcer protective effect of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Garcinia indica Linn fruit rind. The aqueous and ethanol extract of Garcinia indica Linn were investigated for ulcer protective activity against indomethacin induced ulcerogenesis and HCl/ethanol induced gastric lesion. Oral administration of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Garcinia indica fruit rind at the dose 500 mg/kg provided significant (p<0.001) reduction of ulcer index in the HCl/ethanol and indomethacin induced gastric lesion rat models.

Utilidad de la cromoendoscopia sistemática en el diagnóstico del cáncer temprano y lesiones gástricas premalignas. Resultado de dos campañas masivas consecutivas de tamización en Colombia (2006-2007) / Effectiveness of systematic chromoendoscopy for diagnosis of early cancer and gastric premalgnant lesions. Results of two consecutive screening campaigns in Colombia (2006-2007)

Introducción: El cáncer gástrico es la malignidad más común en América del Sur y Asia oriental. En Colombia, aparte del grave problema de mortalidad, una limitante es la escasez de datos de prevalencia de lesiones tempranas y premalignas. Objetivos y métodos: Evaluar la utilidad de la cromoendoscopia sistemática en la prevalencia de de cáncer gástrico temprano y lesión gástrica pre-maligna. Un total de 950 sujetos fueron convocados. 800 sujetos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y finalmente 650 fueron analizados. Resultados: Ninguno de los participantes presentó mucosa gástrica normal. Gastritis antral crónica leve se encontró en 21,8% (142/650) mientras que gastritis antral crónica moderada o severa se encontró en el 77,4% (508/650). Atrofia y metaplasia fue encontrada en 14,5% (94/650) y 15,5% (101/650) respectivamente. Infección por H. Pylori en 7,3%, 79,3% 75,5% 57,4% y 0% de los sujetos con gastritis antral leve, gastritis moderada o severa, atrofia, metaplasia y displasia respectivamente. Lesión gástrica premaligna en 30% (195/650). Dos participantes fueron diagnosticados con cáncer gástrico temprano y tratados curativamente con disección endoscópica de la submucosa. Conclusión: Utilizando cromoendoscopia sistemática esta serie ha demostrado que uno de 325 voluntarios sanos tiene cáncer gástrico temprano, y 1 de cada 33 tiene lesión gástrica premaligna explicando así la alta prevalencia de cáncer gástrico avanzado en la región. En voluntarios sanos de Colombia el cáncer gástrico temprano es diagnosticable y curable.

Indroduction: Gastric cancer is the most common maligancy in South America and East Asia. In addition to the high mortality, in Colombia a great disvantage is the lack of data regarding premalignant lesions and early cancer. Aim: To evaluate the usefulness of systematic chromoendoscopy in the prevalence of early cancer and gastric premalignant lesions. A total of 950 were invited to participate, 800 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and finally 650 were analyzed. Results: None of participants had normal gastric mucosa. Mild antrum gastritis was found in 21.8% (142/650), meanwhile moderate or severe antrum gastritis in 77.4% (508/650). Atrophy and metaplasia was found in 14.5% (94/650) and 15.5% (101/650) respectively. H Pilory infection was found in 7.3%, 79.3% 75.5% 57.4% y 0% of subjects with mild, moderate and severe, atrophy, metaplasia and dysplasia respectively. Gastric premalignant lesion was found in 30% (195/650). Two subjects were diagnosed as early gastric cancer and treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with curability as final result. Conclusions: By systematic chromoendoscopy this series has demonstrated that 1/325 healthy volunteers had early gastric cancer and that 1/33 had a premalignant lesion explaining in part the high prevalence of gastric cancer in the region. Bases on this series, gastric cancer is diagnosable and curable among healthy volunteers in Colombia.

Effects of Co-administration of L-arginine and ASA on platelet aggregation and gastric damage / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of co-administration of L-Arginine (L-Arg) and aspirin (ASA) on platelet aggregation in vitro and gastric damage in vivo. Methods Citrate anti-coagulation venous blood was obtained from rabbits. The blood was centrifuged at 1 100 r?min-1 for 10 min to obtain platelet-rich plasma (PRP). 500 ?l of PRP was poured into a cuvette, and then incubated with various concentrations of L-Arg and a small dose of ASA for 5 min. Platelet aggregation was assayed with Chrono-Log platelet aggregometer by changes in light transmission of platelet suspensions. After co-administration of L-Arg and ASA for 7days to rats, gastric damages were induced by water immersion restraint stress or reserpine. Results Co-administrateion of L-Arg and a small dose of ASA strengthened the inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation. Platelet aggregation rate was 6.6% using 3 mmol?L-1 of L-Arg and small dose of ASA. Platelet aggregation rate was 93.9% using the same concentration of L-Arg alone. 1 g?kg-1 of L-Arg and 0.1 g?kg-1ofASA co-administration for 7 days,significantly reduced gastric damage induced by water immersion restraint stress on Wistar rat. Similar results were observed on other animal experiments with gastric lesions induced by reserpine. The effects of L-Arg on prevention of gastric lesion were almost same as that of famotidine. Conclusion Co-administration of L-Arg and ASA can enhance the inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation and prevent gastric damage.

The protective effects of somatostatin on acute gastric mucosal lesion in rats by pure alcohol / 第二军医大学学报

To observe the protective effect of somatostatin (SS) on gastric mucosa of rats.Methods: Before gastric mucosal lesion were made in rats by pure alcohol, SS was intravenously droppedand anti-SS serum was injected into the vein, and the change of ulcer index and the degree of gastric mu-cosal lesion were observed. Results: Ulcer index of the SS group was much lower than that of the controlgroup (P