Polygonum hydropiper extract attenuates ethanol-induced gastric damage through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways

The present study was conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms and effective components of Polygonum hydropiper in ethanol-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions. The ethanol extract was purified on an AB-8 macroporous resin column and eluted with 60% ethanol and was then injected into the HPLC system for quantitative analysis. Sprague-Dawley rats were orally pretreated with P. hydropiper extract (PHLE; 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) for 5 days and then absolute ethanol was administered to induce gastric mucosal damage. One hour after ethanol ingestion, the rats were euthanized and stomach samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Antioxidant enzymes and anti-inflammatory cytokines were quantified. Western blotting was used to detect the expression levels of proteins. Cell proliferation was assayed by CCK-8 assays. The proportion of total flavonoids in the final extract of P. hydropiper was 50.05%, which contained three major bioactive flavonoid constituents, including rutin, quercitrin, and quercetin. PHLE significantly increased cell viability and effectively protected human gastric epithelial cells-1 against alcohol-induced damage in vitro. PHLE pretreatment attenuated gastric mucosal injuries in a dose-dependent manner in rats, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione, and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde in gastric tissue. Pretreatment with PHLE also reduced the generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in gastric tissue by downregulating the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B. PHLE exerted protective effects against gastric injury through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. Flavonoids might be the main effective components of P. hydropiper against gastric mucosal injury.

Risk factors of recurrence for gastric mucosal lesions after endoscopic submucosal dissection / 中华消化内镜杂志

Objective To investigate the recurrence and risk factors of gastric high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(HGIN)and early gastric cancer(EGC)after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods The clinical and follow-up data on 444 patients(451 lesion)with HGIN and EGC undergoing ESD in Digestive Endoscopy Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from November 2006 to January 2016 were summarized, and the risk factors of recurrence were analyzed. Results A total of 410 patients were followed-up, and the recurrence rate was 3.2%(13 patients, 13 lesions), with mean recurrence time of 17.6±9.6 months(6-38 months). Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that the size of the lesion>4.0 cm was the only risk factor of recurrence(P=0.012,OR=10.855,95%CI:1.673~70.442). Conclusion The rate of recurrence is increasing with the EGC extending, therefore, postoperative monitoring should be strengthened to patients with larger lesion.

Effects of heat shock protein 70 on mice with traumatic brain injury-related acute gastric mucosal lesions / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the protective mechanism of HSP70 protein in traumatic brain injury (TBI)‐related acute gastric mucosal lesions in mice .Methods Forty adult male Balb/c mice were randomly divided into sham (A) ,TBI (B) ,TBI+ geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) (C) ,and TBI+saline (D) groups .TBI was induced via the Feeney impact model .GGA (800 mg/kg) was administered via oral tube beginning before the model was built in group C .The expressions of HSP70 protein in brain and gastric mucosa were determined by immunohistochemistry , and the apoptotic index was detected by TUNEL method .Results The injury area in mouse brain and gastric mucosa was greater in group B than in groups A and C (P<0 .05) .After model induction ,the content of HSP70 protein in group B was markedly higher in the brain and gastric mucosa ,which was notably higher than in group A (P<0 .05) .Obviously apoptotic cells were observed in groups B and D ,which were significantly higher than in groups A and C .GGA pretreatment enhanced the up‐regulated expression of HSP70 and decreased the apoptotic index distinctly ;HSP70 expression was higher in group C than in groups B and D ,but the apoptotic index was lower (P<0 .05) .Conclusion GGA can induce HSP70 protein expression in mouse brain and gastric mucosa .HSP70 is involved in the process of apoptosis inhibition .GGA can be used in the prevention and therapy of TBI‐related acute gastic mucosal lesions .

A preliminary study of the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of crocin against gastric ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of crocin on gastric mucosal lesions caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into sham, I/R, I/R + crocin pretreatment and crocin alone groups. To induce I/R lesions, the celiac artery was clamped for 30 min, and the clamp was then removed to allow reperfusion for 3 h. Crocin-pretreated rats received crocin (15 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min prior to the induction of I/R injury. Samples of gastric mucosa were collected to quantify the protein expression of caspase-3, an apoptotic factor, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), a pro-inflammatory protein, by Western blot. Pretreatment with crocin decreased the total area of gastric lesions and decreased the protein expression levels of caspase-3 and iNOS induced by I/R injury. Our findings showed a protective effect of crocin in gastric mucosa against I/R injury. This effect of crocin was mainly mediated by reducing the protein expression of iNOS and caspase-3.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o efeito protetor da crocina em lesões da mucosa gástrica causadas por isquemia-reperfusão (I/R) em ratos. Trinta e dois ratos machos aleatoriamente divididos em grupos de ratos normais, operados como controle, I/R. I/R + pré-tratamento com crocina e crocina sozinha. Para induzir lesões I/R, a artéria celíaca foi grampeada durante 30 minutos e, em seguida, o grampo foi removido para permitir a reperfusão por 3 h. Ratos com pré-tratamento com crocina receberam crocina (15 mg/kg, ip) 30 minutos antes da indução do dano I/R. Amostras de mucosa gástrica foram coletadas para qiuantificar a expressão da proteína da caspase-3, o fator apoptótico, e óxido nítrico sintase induzível (iNOS), uma proteína anti-inflamatória, pela técnica de Western Blot. O pré-tratamento com crocina diminuiu a área total de lesões gástricas e a expressão de níveis de caspase-3 e iNOS induzidas pelo dano I/R. Nossos resultados mostraram o efeito protetor da crocina na mucosa gástrica contra o dano I/R. Este efeito foi mediado, principalmente, por diminuição da expressão das proteínas iNOS e caspase-3.

Study on the antiulcer effects of Veronicastrum axillare on gastric ulcer in rats induced by ethanol based on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and endothelin-1 (ET-1)

Objective:To assess whether Veronicastrum axillare (V. axillare) can ameliorate ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in rats, reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, suppress apoptosis and improve local microcirculation disturbances. Methods:Totally 48 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups, eight rats in each group. Rats in the normal group and the model group were administered with 0.9%normal saline respectively. Rats in the positive group and ranitidine group were administered with 0.18% ranitidine suspension by intragastric administration respectively. Those in the high dose V. axillare group, the medium dose V. axillare group and the low dose V. axillare group were administrated with V. axillare at the daily dose of 2.8 g/kg, 1.4 g/kg and 0.7 g/kg by intragastric administration. Gastric mucosal lesions were produced by intragastric administration of absolute ethanol. Water extract of V. axillare was successively injected for 14 d and last day was injected 1 h before ethanol administration. Gastric mucosal ulcer index and ulcer inhibitory rate were counted by improved Guth methods. The tissue sections were made for pathological histology analysis. Also, we measured the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in gastric mucosal, as an index of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis and local microcirculation. Besides, the mRNA contents of TNF-αand ET-1 were measured to verify effects on gene expression by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results: Water extract of V. axillare significantly ameliorated the gastric mucosal lesions induced by ethanol administration (P Conclusion: Current evidences show water extract of V. axillare is effective for defending against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions, significantly inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the expressions of TNF-αand ET-1 mRNA, which may be useful for inhibiting apoptosis and improving local microcirculation.