Effect of radix scutellariae microemulsion gel on chronic eczema in mice model / 中国临床药理学与治疗学

AIM: To prepare radix scutellariae microemulsion gel and investigate its therapeutic effect on chronic eczema based on the previous research of radix scutellariae self microemulsion. METHODS: The gel matrix and humectant were optimized by single factor method and response surface method to obtain the formula and preparation technique of the gel. The Franz diffusion cell method was used to evaluate the transdermal properties of microemulsion and microemulsion gel in vitro. By establishing a chronic eczema model in the mouse ear, the swelling degree, swelling inhibition rate, pathological changes and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin - 6 (IL-6) of radix scutellariae microemulsion gel were measured, to investigate the therapeutic effect on chronic eczema in mice. RESULTS: The physical and chemical properties of radix scutellariae microemulsion gel were stable. Compared with microemulsion, the microemulsion gel had better transdermal performance. The cumulative transdermal amount of baicalein and wogonin, the main components of microemulsion gel, was 1.85 times and 2.77 times of that of microemulsion respectively. Moreover, the steady flow rate and permeability coefficient of microemulsion gel significantly increased, and the lag time significantly shortened. Pharmacodynamic study showed that compared with the model group, the radix scutellariae microemulsion gel could significantly reduce the ear swelling of mice (P<0.05), and the serum inflammatory factor TNF - α, IL-1β and IL-6 reduced content by over 37%. Compared with the radix scutellaria aqueous extract and aqueous extract gel, the treatment of chronic eczema was better. CONCLUSION: The preparation process of radix scutellaria microemulsion gel is feasible, with strong transdermal property, and a significant therapeutic effect on chronic eczema.

Gluteoplastia de aumento con implantes intramusculares para el mejoramiento del contorno corporal / Augmentation gluteoplasty with intramuscular implants to improve the physical measurement i:en

Introducción: La región glútea ha sido considerada una de las zonas más observadas tanto en mujeres como en hombres y constituye un ícono representativo de belleza corporal. En los últimos años se ha incrementado el deseo de las féminas de aumentar esta región anatómica con implantes. Objetivo: Determinar los resultados estéticos de la gluteoplastia de aumento con implantes intramusculares. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y descriptivo de 25 mujeres que acudieron a la consulta externa del Servicio de Cirugía Plástica del Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, desde agosto de 2016 hasta febrero de 2019, para solicitar el aumento de su región glútea con implantes. Resultados: En la serie predominaron el grupo etario de 31 a 40 años (36,0 %) y el fototipo de piel III (88,0 %); asimismo, solo 6 pacientes presentaron complicaciones (24,0 %), entre las cuales sobresalieron el seroma (20,8 %), la asimetría (12,5 %) y la dehiscencia de la sutura (8,3 %). Se observó un aumento significativo de la proyección glútea después de la intervención (α=0,05) y los resultados fueron buenos en la mayoría de las integrantes de la muestra (84,0 %). Conclusiones: La gluteoplastia de aumento con implantes intramusculares es un procedimiento seguro y ofrece resultados estéticos favorables.

Introduction: Gluteal region has been considered one of the most observed areas either in women as in men and constitutes a representative icon of corporal beauty. In the last years the desire of women to increase this anatomical region with implants has been increased. Objective: To determine the aesthetic results of the augmentation gluteoplasty with intramuscular implants. Methods: A prospective, longitudinal and descriptive study of 25 women that went to the Plastic Surgery Service outpatient consultation of Hermanos Ameijeiras Clinical Surgical Hospital was carried out from August, 2016 to February, 2019, to request the increase of the gluteal region with implants. Results: In the series there was a prevalence of the 31 to 40 age group (36.0%) and the skin phototype III (88.0%); also only 6 patients presented complications (24.0%), among which seroma (20.8%), asymmetry (12.5%) and anastomotic dehiscence (8.3%) were notable. A significant increase of the gluteal projection after the intervention was observed (α =0.05) and the results were good in most of the members of the sample (84.0%). Conclusions: The augmentation gluteoplasty with intramuscular implants is a safe procedure and offers favorable aesthetic results.

Comparison of the effect of tea tree oil eye gel with standard treatment in patients with anterior blepharitis: An open-label clinical trial

Purpose: Daily cleansing of eyelids is very important to carry out a successful blepharitis treatment. However, there are no therapeutic guidelines for blepharitis. The aim was to compare the symptomatic relief of anterior blepharitis using Blephamed eye gel, a cosmetic product, versus standard treatment. Methods: The study was a prospective, interventional open label clinical trial at a university?based hospital. The test population was subjects aged 18–65 years who presented with mild to moderate anterior blepharitis. Eyelid hygiene was applied twice a day. At each visit, a detailed assessment of symptomatology was carried out. A two?way repeated measure mixed model ANOVA was used to compare two groups by time. Results: In total, 61 patients with mean age of 60.08 ± 16.69 years were enrolled in the study including 30 patients in standard group and 31 patients in Blephamed group. Two groups did not differ in terms of age (P = 0.31) and eye laterality (P = 0.50). The baseline scores of erythema, edema, debris, and symptoms as well as total score were similar between two groups (all P values >0.50). Two groups became different for all these parameters at day 45 (all P values <0.001). Significant interaction was detected between time and intervention groups for all severity parameters of blepharitis as well as total score (all P values <0.001). Conclusion: Eyelid hygiene with Blephamed more significantly decreased symptoms of anterior blepharitis compared to standard treatment.

Randomized and controlled trial to determine safety and efficacy of Foley’s catheter and PGE2 gel for induction of labor

Background: The goal of obstetrics is a pregnancy that results in a healthy infant and a healthy mother. During medical or obstetrics complications of pregnancy, cervical ripening and induction of labor are often required. Different methods are available for that. Aims and Objectives: Randomized and control trial has been conducted to determine safety and efficacy of Foley’s catheter and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) gel for induction of labor. Materials and Methods: Randomized and controlled trial has been conducted on 200 study participant who fullfield inclusion criteria in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GMERS Medical College, Sola during the period of July 2017–July 2019. Statistical analysis was done by descriptive statistics and qualitative method. Results: Both groups cerviprim and Foley’s catheter are comparable for cervical ripening for induction of labor in terms of safety and efficacy as there was no statistically significant observation for obstetric and perinatal outcome. Conclusion: Foley’s catheter is equally dependable method for cervical ripening for induction of labor as cerviprim gel as it is cost effective and easily available.

Electrochemical immunosensing of low-density lipoprotein based on sol-gel encapsulation

Abstract Lipoprotein monitoring is desirable in the management of medical conditions such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and coronary artery disease, in which controlling the concentration of these chylomicrons is crucial. Current clinical methods are complex and present poor reproducibility between laboratories. For these reasons, recent guidelines discard the assessment of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as a routine analysis during lipid-lowering therapies. Concerning the importance of monitoring this parameter, the authors present an electrochemical immunosensor constructed from a simple and easy-to-reproduce platform that allows detecting and quantifying LDL nanoparticles directly from human serum samples. The performance of the biosensor was studied by scanning electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The biosensing platform displays good stability and linearity between 30 mg dL-1 and 135 mg dL-1 with a detection limit of 20 mg dL-1. The proposed biosensor can be easily employed for monitoring LDL concentration in clinical treatments.

Avaliação da qualidade físico-química de formulações de álcoois em gel comercializadas na cidade de Irecê-Ba / Evaluation of the physicochemical quality of alcohol gel formulations selled in the city of Irecê-Ba / Evaluación de la calidad fisicoquímica de formulaciones de alcohol gel comercializadas en la ciudad de Irecê-Ba

Já é sabido que a higiene das mãos é a principal arma na prevenção de doenças infecciosas dentro e fora dos hospitais. No caso do vírus SARSCoV-2, a higienização das mãos é essencial, tendo em vista a possibilidade de contaminação pelo contato direto com as gotículas respiratórias ou pelo contato indireto. Existem no mercado diversas opções de produtos antissépticos disponíveis para uso pela população. No entanto, nenhum é 100% eficaz em todas as situações. Dentre esses diversos produtos disponíveis, o etanol 70% é o mais utilizado para a aplicação nas mãos, sendo veiculado na forma farmacêutica gel para facilitar a aplicação. As formas farmacêuticas gel contendo etanol 70% podem ser industrializadas ou manipuladas. Quando essas formulações são manipuladas, elas são isentas de registro na Agência de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), não sendo exigidos nem mesmo os testes de segurança e eficácia que são exigidos para o registro de produtos industrializados. Para os manipulados, são realizados apenas os testes de descrição, aspecto, características organolépticas (cor e odor) pH e peso. Desta forma, a realização deste trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade, incluindo características físico-químicas de amostras de álcool em gel manipuladas na cidade de Irecê-Ba, e compará-las com um produto industrializado de marca conhecida. Foram analisados os aspectos e características organolépticas, determinação do potencial de hidrogênio (pH), densidade, espalhabilidade, viscosidade, estabilidade (resistência a centrifugação) e teor alcoólico de 4 amostras (2 amostras industrializadas, denominadas A e B adquiridas em diferentes farmácias de manipulação da cidade, e 2 amostras magistrais, denominadas de amostra C e D. Sendo assim, observou-se que nenhuma das amostras se enquadraram nos parâmetros estabelecidos, como o pH mais ácido, densidade e viscosidade fora do padrão, diferentes comportamentos de espalhabilidade e teor alcoólico abaixo do ideal, apontando inconformidades que afetam a qualidade e ação do produto. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo possibilitam concluir que as amostras de álcool gel de origem magistral apresentaram-se muito semelhante em termos de qualidade aos produtos industrializados. Portanto, entende-se que, apenas uma elaboração de leis não seja suficiente para garantir a qualidade e segurança do produto, se faz necessário uma fiscalização mais rigorosa e elaboração de leis mais qualificadas.

It is already known that hand hygiene is the main weapon in the prevention of infectious diseases inside and outside hospitals. In the case of the SARSCoV-2, hand hygiene is essential, in view of the possibility of contamination through direct contact with respiratory droplets or through indirect contact. There are several options of antiseptic products available on the market for use by the population. However, none are 100% effective in all situations. Among these different products available, 70% ethanol is the most used for application in the hands, being conveyed in the pharmaceutical form of a gel to facilitate the application. The pharmaceutical gel forms containing 70% ethanol can be industrialized or manipulated. When these formulations are manipulated, they are exempt from registration with the Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), not even requiring the safety and efficacy tests that are required for the registration of industrialized products. For manipulated products, only tests of description, appearance, organoleptic characteristics (color and odor), pH and weight are carried out. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the quality, including physicochemical characteristics of alcohol gel samples handled in the city of Irecê-Ba, and compare them with an industrialized product of a known brand. The organoleptic aspects and characteristics, determination of the hydrogen potential (pH), density, spreadability, viscosity, stability (resistance to centrifugation) and alcohol content of 4 samples (2 industrialized samples, called A and B acquired in different compounding pharmacies) were analyzed of the city, and 2 magisterial samples, called sample C and D. Therefore, it was observed that none of the samples fit the established parameters, such as more acidic pH, non-standard density and viscosity, different spreadability behaviors and content alcohol below ideal, pointing out nonconformities that affect the quality and action of the product. The results found in this study make it possible to conclude that the samples of magistral alcohol gel were very similar in terms of quality to the industrialized products. Therefore, it is understood that just drafting laws is not enough to guarantee the quality and safety nce of the product, more rigorous inspection and the elaboration of more qualified laws are necessary.

Ya se sabe que la higiene de las manos es la principal arma en la prevención de enfermedades infecciosas dentro y fuera de los hospitales. En el caso del SARSCoV- 2, la higiene de las manos es esencial, ante la posibilidad de contaminación por contacto directo con gotitas respiratorias o por contacto indirecto. Existen varias opciones de productos antisépticos disponibles en el mercado para uso de la población. Sin embargo, ninguno es eficaz al 100% en todas las situaciones. Entre estos diferentes productos disponibles, el etanol al 70% es el más utilizado para aplicación en las manos, siendo vehiculado en la forma farmacéutica de gel para facilitar la aplicación. Las formas farmacéuticas en gel que contienen 70% de etanol pueden ser industrializadas o manipuladas. Cuando estas formulaciones son manipuladas, están exentas de registro en la Agencia de Vigilancia Sanitaria (ANVISA), no exigiendo ni siquiera las pruebas de seguridad y eficacia que se exigen para el registro de productos industrializados. Para los productos manipulados, sólo se realizan pruebas de descripción, apariencia, características organolépticas (color y olor), pH y peso. Así, este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad, incluyendo las características fisicoquímicas de muestras de alcohol gel manipuladas en la ciudad de Irecê-Ba, y compararlas con un producto industrializado de marca conocida. Se analizaron los aspectos y características organolépticas, determinación del potencial de hidrógeno (pH), densidad, untabilidad, viscosidad, estabilidad (resistencia a la centrifugación) y grado alcohólico de 4 muestras (2 muestras industrializadas, denominadas A y B adquiridas en diferentes farmacias de composición) de la ciudad, y 2 muestras magistrales, denominadas muestra C y D. Así, se observó que ninguna de las muestras se ajustaba a los parámetros establecidos, tales como pH más ácido, densidad y viscosidad no estándar, diferentes comportamientos de untabilidad y contenido alcohólico por debajo del ideal, señalando no conformidades que afectan a la calidad y acción del producto. Los resultados encontrados en este estudio permiten concluir que las muestras de alcohol magistral en gel fueron muy similares en términos de calidad a los productos industrializados. Por lo tanto, se entiende que la mera elaboración de leyes no es suficiente para garantizar la calidad y seguridad nce del producto, siendo necesaria una inspección más rigurosa y la elaboración de leyes más cualificadas.

Purification of H5N1 influenza virus by different chromatography media / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective:To purify H5N1 influenza virus concentrate prepared by MDCK cells with a new mixed-mode chromatography medium Capto Core700 and the traditional medium Sepharose 4FF, and to compare the separation and purification efficacy of the two media.Methods:Capto Core700 and Sepharose 4FF were used to purify inactivated H5N1 influenza virus concentrate. The morphology of virus particles in different samples was then observed under a transmission electron microscope. Single radial immunodiffusion (SRID), Folin-Phenol (Lowry) method, double-antibody sandwich ELISA and qPCR were used to detect hemagglutinin, total protein, host cell protein (HCP) and host cell DNA (HCD) before and after purification. The recovery rate of virus antigen and the removal rate of impurities were calculated. The immunogenicity of the viruses purified with different media was analyzed using animal experiments. Difference in the purification efficacy of the two chromatography media was analyzed by t-test. Results:H5N1 influenza viruses purified by Capto Core700 or Sepharose 4FF showed the typical influenza virus morphology under transmission electron microscope. There was no significant difference in the recovery rate of hemagglutinin between the two chromatography media ( P>0.05), but compared with Sepharose 4FF, Capto Core700 had a higher removal rate of impurities (total protein, HCP, HCD) and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Animal experiments showed that the viruses purified by the two chromatography media had good immunogenicity. Conclusions:Compared with Sepharose 4FF chromatography medium, Capto Core700 could more effectively remove process-related impurities such as HCP, HCD and total protein without affecting the recovery rate of viral antigen. This study provided reference for the development of purification technology in the production of H5N1 influenza virus vaccine in MDCK cells.

Survey on the Utilization of In-Hospital Formulation 10% Lidocaine Gel for Neuropathic Pain / 医薬品情報学

Objective: In many medical institutions in Japan, 10% lidocaine gel is prepared as an in-hospital formulation to treat intractable neuropathic pain. Clinical studies have reported the short-term efficacy of topical lidocaine therapy for neuropathic pain, while there are few reports in real-world practice. To clarify the clinical usage and its usefulness, in this study, we investigated the duration of use, amount, effectiveness, and safety of 10% lidocaine gel.Design: We conducted a retrospective study investigating the actual usage of 10% lidocaine gel using electronic medical records.Methods: This study included 74 patients treated with 10% lidocaine gel in Kyoto University Hospital between July 2019 and January 2022. Information about disease (purpose of use), concomitant medications and other background information of the patients were collected. In addition, the duration of use, amount, adverse events, and discontinuation of 10% lidocaine gel were investigated. Effectiveness was determined by physician interviews and the pain visual analogue scale (VAS).Results: Ten percent lidocaine gel was used primarily to treat postherpetic neuralgia and, in some cases, other types of chronic pain for a median duration of use of 3.2 months (0.03-118.5). Pain relief was achieved in 73.3% of patients according to physician interviews, with a significant decrease in the VAS score. Although adverse events were observed in 12 patients (16.2%), including skin problems (12.2%), paralysis (4.1%), and somnolence (1.4%), eight patients continued to use 10% lidocaine gel after their occurrence. Three patients discontinued it due to adverse events, and their symptoms subsequently improved thereafter.Conclusion: The present results suggest that 10% lidocaine gel is effective and safe even when used for a long-time. Although this is a single-center study, it is the first systematic investigation of real-world usage of an in-hospital formulation of 10% lidocaine gel and is expected to assist clinical practice and drug development.

Effect of Xileisan temperature-sensitive gels on endothelial nitric oxide synthase, vascular endothelial growth factor A and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in rats with bleeding internal hemorrhoids / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the effect of Xileisan temperature-sensitive gels on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression in rats with bleeding internal hemorrhoids, so as to provide insights into the illustration of the pathogenesis of internal hemorrhoid hemorrhage. @*Methods@#Thirty six-week-old SPF-graded rats of the SD strain were randomly divided into the normal group, model group and Xileisan temperature-sensitive gel group, of 10 rats in each group (half male and half female). Cotton balls were soaked with 0.16 mL of croton oil mixture and then inserted into the anus of rats in the model group and Xileisan temperature-sensitive gel group for 10 s. After 6 h when the rectal mucosa tissues presented remarkable swelling, the perianal mucosa was rubbed repeatedly with a rough glass rod until the glass rod was bloody. Following successful modeling, rats in the Xileisan temperature-sensitive gel group was given rectal administration of Xileisan temperature-sensitive gel at a dose of 0.5 mL/d, while animals in the normal group and model group were given rectal administration of the blank gel at the same dose. Following administration for 7 successive days, rats were sacrificed, and the hemorrhoids tissues were collected for pathological examinations. The eNOS, VEGF-A and TNF-α expression was determined using immunohistochemistry and compared among groups.@*Results@#Compared with the normal group, the rat hemorrhoids mucosa showed inflammatory changes in the model group, with submucosal congestion and edema, blood vessel congestion and dilation, and visible new blood vessels, and remarkable improvements were seen in the hemorrhoid mucosal inflammation in the Xileisan temperature-sensitive gel group. There were significant differences in the integrated option density (IOD) of eNOS and VEGF-A expression in rat hemorrhoids tissues among the three groups (P<0.05), and no gender-specific differences were seen (P>0.05). The IOD values of eNOS (45.84±13.66) and VEGF-A expression (45.89±9.06) were higher in rat hemorrhoids tissues in the model group than in the normal group (23.11±5.64 and 27.91±11.65) and the Xileisan temperature-sensitive gel group (27.41±8.89 and 33.44±6.20) (P<0.05), while no significant differences were detected in the IOD of TNF-α expression in rat hemorrhoids tissues among the three groups (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Xileisan temperature-sensitive gel may alleviate inflammation and internal hemorrhoids hemorrhage through inhibiting eNOS and VEGF-A expression in rat hemorrhoids tissues.

Etiologic identification and drug susceptibility analysis of a Citrobacter freundii food poisoning event / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　In order to provide reference for emergency treatment of a sudden food poisoning incident, pathogen detection and drug resistance analysis were carried out. Methods　Diarrheal stool and surplus food samples were detected by GB 4789 and the isolates were identified by VITEK2 and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), at the same time, the bacterial drug sensitivity test was carried out by using the method of microbroth dilution, and the isolates from different sources were molecularly classified by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the correlation between the strains was analyzed by BioNumerics software. Results　Totaly 13 leftovers and 3 diarrhea patients were isolated and identified, The total number of colonies and coliforms in 7 leftovers samples all exceeded the standard, and Citrobacter freundii was detected in 5 leftovers and 2 stools. The results of drug sensitivity test showed that seven strains of Citrobacter freundii were sensitive to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, amikacin, cefotaxime and meropenem, but completely resistant to ampicillin, and there was no multiple drug resistance. The results of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) showed that 7 strains of Citrobacter freundii had the same PFGE bands and 100% homology, showing the same clone. Conclusions　This food poisoning incident was caused by Citrobacter freundii. The pathogen of food poisoning can be quickly and accurately determined by MALDI-TOF MS, which is beneficial to the early diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases. It is suggested to strengthen the corresponding management, improve food safety awareness and prevent similar incidents.

The eye irritation test and pharmacokinetic study of tacrolimus-loaded cationic nanoemulsion-based in-situ gel in rabbits / 药学实践杂志

Objective To study the eye irritation and the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus-loaded cationic nanoemulsion-based in-situ gel in rabbits. Methods The eye irritation of tacrolimus-loaded cationic nanoemulsion-based in-situ gel in rabbits was observed by histological cross-sections of external ocular tissues stained with HE. The aqueous humor of rabbit eyes was extracted by corneal puncture and analyzed by HPLC-MS for pharmacokinetic study. Results Tacrolimus-loaded cationic nanoemulsion-based in-situ gel had no significant irritation on rabbit eyes. The pharmacokinetic parameter showed that the AUC of tacrolimus-loaded cationic nanoemulsion-based in-situ gel was (128.34±13.09) ng·h/ml, which was 1.13 times of tacrolimus-loaded cationic nanoemulsion (113.61±12.36) ng·h/ml and 1.88 times of Talymus® (68.25±10.82) ng·h /ml. Conclusion Tacrolimus-loaded cationic nanoemulsion-based in-situ gel had the advantages of low irritation, long retention time and high bioavailability in rabbit eyes. It has a good potential for clinical application.

Preparation of Huoluo Xiaoling gel plaster and its transdermal penetration in vitro / 中国中药杂志

Huoluo Xiaoling Dan is a classical prescription commonly used for blood circulation and pain relief in clinic with obvious effects. To make it directly treat lesion and improve the effect, this research optimized the preparation process of Huoluo Xiaoling gel paste and further evaluated its in vitro transdermal absorption performance, so as to provide a scientific basis for its development and utilization. Using primary viscosity, holding viscosity, and sensory score as evaluation indexes, the matrix amount of gel paste was determined by the single factor test and Box-Behnken response surface method. The ultra-performance liquid chromatography(UPLC) method was established to determine the content of eight active ingredients, including Danshensu, ferulic acid, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid A, ligustilide, tanshinone Ⅱ_A, 11-keto-β-boswellic(KBA), and 3-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid(AKBA). A mo-dified Franz diffusion cell method was used to evaluate and compare the absorption properties of the gel paste without volatile oil and with volatile oil microemulsion. The results showed that the optimal prescription for Huoluo Xiaoling gel paste matrix was NP700(1.35 g), glycerol(7.00 g), micropowder silica gel(1.25 g), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(0.20 g), tartaric acid(0.06 g), and glyceryl aluminum(0.04 g). The mass fractions of eight active ingredients in the paste were successively 0.48, 0.014, 0.95, 0.39, 0.57, 0.055, 0.35, and 0.97 mg·g~(-1). The results of the in vitro transdermal absorption test showed that the addition of the volatile oil or the volatile oil microemulsion promoted the transdermal absorption of the active ingredients, and the law of drug penetration conformed to the zero equation or the Higuchi equation. The gel paste prepared by the optimal prescription has good appearance and adhesion, with no residue, and has the characteristics of skeletal slow-release preparation, which is easy to reduce the number of administration, la-ying a foundation for the development of new external dosage forms of Huoluo Xiaoling Dan.

Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Effect of Polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium and Analysis of Its Structural Characteristics by Sugar Spectrum / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThe therapeutic effect of polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium on Alzheimer's disease（AD） was evaluated through establishing a mouse model of AD， and the structural characteristics of the polysaccharides was analyzed by sugar spectrum. MethodThe AD model of mice with rapid aging was established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose combined with gavage of aluminum trichloride， and the learning and memory ability of mice was evaluated by Morris water maze test， the histopathological status of brain and neuronal damage were observed by hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining and Nissl staining. After hydrolysis of polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium with acid and different glycosidases， the characteristics of hydrolysates were analyzed by high performance thin layer chromatography（HPTLC） and fluorescence assisted carbohydrate gel electrophoresis（PACE）. HPTLC chromatography was performed on a silica gel 60 plate with sampling volume of 5 μL， developing solvent of ethyl acetate-glacial acetic acid-water（2∶2∶1）， developing twice， aniline-diphenylamine-phosphoric acid solution as chromogenic agent， and heating at 105 ℃ for 10 min， and then observed under sunlight. PACE experimental conditions were 34% separation gel and 8% concentration gel， electrophoresis buffer was 0.1 mol·L-1 tris（hydroxymethyl） aminomethane（Tris）-boric acid buffer（pH 8.2）. Electrophoresis was carried out at 0 ℃ and the loading amount was 3-6 μL. The sample ran to the front of the gel with a constant current of 15 mA， and imaged under ultraviolet 365 nm. ResultThe results of Morris water maze test showed that polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium significantly improved the learning and memory ability of AD model mice， shortened the escape latency， and significantly increased the number of crossing and the residence time in the target quadrant. The results of histopathological experiments showed that polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium could improve the pathological conditions and neuronal damage in the CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus of AD mice， and the number of Nissl corpuscles was significantly increased. The results of sugar spectrum analysis showed that the results of HPTLC and PACE analysis were basically consistent， polysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium could be mainly hydrolyzed into small molecular sugars by cellulase and pectinase， indicating that they mainly contained β-1，4-glucosidic bond and α-1，4-galacturonic acid glycosidic bond， and could be slightly hydrolyzed by glucanase， β-galactosidase and β-mannase， indicating that they contained only a small amount of α-1，6-glucosidic bond， β-galactosidic bond， β-1，4-mannosidic bond. ConclusionPolysaccharides from Zanthoxyli Pericarpium has obvious therapeutic effect on AD mice， and its structure mainly contains β-1，4-glucosidic bond and α-1，4-galacturonic acid glycosidic bond， which can provide a reference for the structural analysis of traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharides.

Simultaneous determination of six aniline compounds in workplace air by high performance liquid chromatography / 中国职业医学

Objective To establish a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of six aniline compounds (ADs) in workplace air. Methods GDH-1 air sampling tube was used to collect six co-existing ADs such as aniline, o-toluidine, N-methylaniline, m-methylaniline, p-methylaniline and N,N-dimethylaniline in the vapor and aerosol of workplace air. The samples were desorbed and eluted using a methanol solution containing 1.00% ammonia water, followed by separation on a C18 chromatographic column and detection using a diode array detector. Results The quantification range of the method was 0.19 -253.50 mg/L, with the correlation coefficient of 0.999 9 for all six ADs. The minimum detection range was 0.02-0.06 mg/m3, and the minimum quantitation range was 0.04-0.19 mg/m3 [both calculated for a 15.0 L sample with a desorption (elution) solution volume of 3.00 mL]. The average desorption and elution efficiencies were 92.15%-104.41% (silica gel) and 94.29%-104.29% (filter membrane). The intra-assay relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from 0.90%-9.72% (silica gel) and 0.57%-6.96% (filter membrane). The inter-assay RSD ranged from 2.03%-9.78% (silica gel) and 2.50%-8.62% (filter membrane). The samples were stable at room temperature for seven days. Conclusion This method can be used for the simultaneous determination of six ADs in workplace air.

Optimization of the extraction technology for the raw drugs of Sanse powder gel paste / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To optimize the extraction technology for the raw drugs of Sanse powder gel paste. METHODS SD rats were divided into blank group， model group， traditional technology group， water extraction group and ethanol extraction group， with 5 rats in each group. Anterior cruciate ligament transection was used to construct knee osteoarthritis model， and the pharmacodynamic effects of different extraction methods on arthritic rats were investigated. Analgesic experiments were conducted using cold and hot pain thresholds and pain mediators calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）， cyclooxygenase-2 （COX-2）， substance P （SP）， and prostaglandin E2 （PGE2） contents as indicators. HE staining was performed on the synovial membrane of rats to observe the degree of synovial cell proliferation， inflammatory infiltration and vascular invasion， and anti-inflammatory experiments were conducted using protein and mRNA expressions of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and IL-6 as indicators. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects were compared among those groups. In the orthogonal test， ethanol dosage， extraction time and extraction times were used as evaluation factors， and the contents of casticin， strychnine and toxiferine were taken as evaluation indicators； comprehensive score was calculated. The validation experiments were carried out after optimizing the extraction technology of the raw drugs of Sanse powder gel paste. RESULTS Compared with the model group， the cold and heat pain thresholds of drug administration groups （except for the traditional technology group） were all increased significantly （P＜0.05）， while the contents of pain （No.Y2021rc02） mediators CGRP， COX-2， SP and PGE2 were all decreased significantly （P＜0.05）. HE staining showed that inflammatory cell infiltration， fibrosis and collagen deposition were 炎。E-mail：liuzixiu3221@126.com decreased in the administration groups； a small amount of capillary proliferation could be found； the protein and mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β， IL-6 and TNF-α were decreased significantly in synovial tissue of rats in administration groups （P＜0.05）. Compared with the traditional technology group， most indicators of the ethanol extraction group were significantly reduced （P＜0.05）， and only heat pain threshold and mRNA expression of IL-6 in rats were decreased significantly in the water extraction group （P＜0.05）. The optimal extraction technology of the raw drugs of Sanse powder gel paste included suitable dose of Sanse powder， 8-fold 55% ethanol， heating reflux extraction for 90 minutes， extracting twice. The results of 3 times of verification experiments showed that the average contents of casticin， strychnine and toxiferine were 0.007%， 0.092%， and 0.214%， respectively； RSD were all less than 5%. CONCLUSIONS The optimized extraction technology for the raw drugs of Sanse powder gel paste is stable and feasible， which can improve the efficacy of the preparation.

Research progress of anti-tumor in situ gel delivery system / 药学学报

Cancer is the most important leading cause of death worldwide, with about 10 million deaths caused by cancer in 2020. In situ gel drug delivery systems have attracted much attention in the field of pharmacy and biotechnology due to their good histo-compatibility, excellent injectability, high drug delivery capacity, slow-release drug delivery, and less influence by the in vivo environment. Meanwhile, in situ gel can be combined with chemotherapy, photo-thermal therapy, chemokinetic therapy, immunotherapy and so on to deliver drugs into the tumor site in a less invasive way without surgical operation, forming a semi-solid gel reservoir in the tumor site to realize in situ tumor combined therapy. In this paper, the author summarized the research progress of anti-tumor in situ gel delivery system in the past 10 years, introduced its commonly used polymer materials, classification principles and specific application examples, and finally summarized and discussed the key issues, in order to provide reference for the development of new anti-tumor drug delivery system in the future.

TLC identification and quantitative determination of Shipi Xiaoshui gel plaster / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish the method of thin layer chromatography (TLC) for identification and quantitative determination of Shipi Xiaoshui gel plaster. Methods TLC was adopted to qualitatively identify astragalus radix, plantaginis semen, curcumae rhizome, cinnamomi ramulus, polyporus umbellatus and akebia quinata. UPLC-MS was used to determine the content of astragaloside Ⅳ. Results TLC spots were clear and well-separated; RSDs of precision, reproducibility and stability tests were all lower than 3%, the linear range of astragaloside Ⅳ was 2.75-33 μg/ml (r=0.999 9, n=6), and the average recovery was 100.49% (RSD=1.98%, n=6). Conclusion The established method in this study is accurate, reliable and specific, which could be used for the quality control of Shipi Xiaoshui gel plaster.

Clinical efficacy of autologous platelet rich gel in the treatment of type 2 diabetic foot patients and its effect on the expression of MALAT1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of autologous platelet rich gel (APG) in the treatment of type 2 diabetic foot (DF) patients and the effect of APG on the expression of metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).Methods:A total of 62 patients with DF admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University from February 2021 to May 2022 were randomly divided into a control group (30 cases) and an observation group (32 cases) using a random number table method. The control group received ultrasound debridement and dressing change treatment, while the observation group received ultrasound debridement combined with APG treatment. After 6 weeks of treatment, the effective rate, transcutaneous oxygen partial pressure (TcPO 2), and serum tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hypoxia inducible factor α (HIF-1 α)and the level of MALAT1 expression in PBMCs of the two groups of patients were observed. The Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the expression change of MALAT (△ MALAT1) and the total effective rate of treatment. Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than that of the control group [93.75%(30/32) vs 73.33%(22/30), P<0.05]. After treatment, the systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), urinary microalbumin/creatinine (UACR), uric acid (UA), white blood cells (WBC), TNF- α and IL-6 of both groups had decreased compared to before; HIF-1 α, VEGF and MALAT1 increased compared to before treatment (all P<0.05); After treatment, there was a statistically significant difference in UA, HIF-1α, VEGF, and MALAT1 between the observation group and the control group (all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that Δ MALAT1 in DF patients was negatively correlated with TNF -α ( r=-0.61, P=0.02), IL-6 ( r=-0.52, P=0.04), WBC ( r=-0.53, P=0.03), and positively correlated with VEGF ( r=0.58, P=0.03) and HIF-1α ( r=0.54, P=0.03). The total effective rate of DF treatment was higher in the high change group of△ MALAT [88.37%(38/43) vs 73.68%(14/19), P<0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:APG can significantly upregulate the expression of MALAT, improve wound tissue blood perfusion, wound angiogenesis, and inflammatory response, promote ulcer healing, and changes in MALAT expression can help determine the prognosis of DF.

Microbial detection and analysis of a foodborne disease caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection / 中国基层医药

Objective:To identify the cause of a suspected foodborne disease caused by bacterial food poisoning using multiple detection methods.Methods:At 9:35 a.m. on August 9, 2022, a suspected foodborne disease incident was handled by the Hefei Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The preliminary laboratory test results showed that the foodborne disease was caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection. Sixteen strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated, cultured, and identified using real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction. At the same time, the 16 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from different sources were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to determine the correlation between strains. Results:The distribution of 16 strains of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins isolated was that the anal swab and chopping board (inner) smear samples from a salesperson surnamed Li showed SEB type, and the remaining 14 strains all carried type A, C, and E enterotoxin genes simultaneously. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing results showed that there were two types of strains; except the anal swab and chopping board (inner) smear samples from the salesperson surnamed Li, the other 14 strains were all of the same type, with a similarity of 100%. The similarity between the anal swab and the chopping board (inner) smear samples from the salesperson surnamed Li was 80.65%, and the similarity with another type was 59.26%. This result was consistent with the detection results of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. Conclusion:The foodborne disease in this case was caused by mixed contamination of two or three different sources of Staphylococcus aureus with enterotoxins.

An experimental study on the biological characteristics of SDF-1/CS/β-GP composite bio-membrane in vitro / 口腔医学

Objective@#To prepare a composite membrane by chitosan/β-sodium glycerophosphate(CS/β-GP) thermosensitive hydrogel combined with stromal cell derived factor-1(SDF-1) and observe its biological characteristics in vitro.@*Methods@#Different doses of SDF-1 were added into CS/β-GP solution and then the thermosensitive gel time was measured. The SDF-1/CS/β-GP solution was membrane paved and dried to prepare composite membranes. The morphological characteristics were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). Composite membranes were placed into cell culture medium, and the supernatant(n=3) was extracted after standing at 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60 h, respectively. The concentration of SDF-1 in the solution was measured. Bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) were cultured in the Transwell room, and the composite membranes containing different concentrations of SDF-1 were placed in the lower chamber. There were four groups(n=3): Group M0 used CS/β-GP membrane(control group), Group M1, M2, M3 used SDF-1/CS/β-GP membrane(SDF-1 was 100, 200, 400 ng/mL respectively). After culture for 6, 12 and 24 h, the cells under the membrane were preserved and Giemsa stained and counted. The absorbance(OD) value was measured by MTT method to calculate the cell proliferation rate. SPSS 19.0 was used for multi-factor analysis of variance.@*Results @#After adding a certain amount of SDF-1 into CS/β-GP solution, the gel time did not change significantly(P>0.05). The SDF-1/CS/β-GP membrane was translucent and porous at 37 ℃. In this experiment, the volumic mass of SDF-1 released by SDF-1/CS/β-GP composite membrane increased gradually with the experimental time(P<0.01). Transwell cell chemotaxis test showed that the number of BMSCs cells with directional migration increased with the prolongation of observation time(P<0.01) and the increase of SDF-1 volumic mass(P<0.01). In MTT test, the OD value of migration cell solution increased with the prolongation of time(P<0.01) and the increase of SDF-1 volumic mass(P<0.01). @*Conclusion@# The SDF-1/CS/β-GP composite membrane has a porous structure and biological activity of chemotactic BMSCs directional migration. It is a potential membrane for guided tissue regeneration.