The importance of acetabular morphometry in determining hip dysplasia / Importancia de la morfometría acetabular en la determinación de la displasia de cadera

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation between acetabulum morphological measurements and present the reference values of the acetabulum. The study had a retrospective design and was conducted with 234 healthy subjects (108 females; 126 males) aged 18-53 years over a period of 4 years from 2018 to 2022. Eleven measurements including the center- edge angle (CEA), acetabular angle (AA), acetabular depth (AD), acetabular width (AW), dept to width ratio (ADWR), Extrusion A (EA)-B (EB), Extrusion index (EI), the lateral subluxation (LS), peak to edge distance (PED), and roof obliquity (RO) were taken. The p<0.05 value was considered significant. A significant difference was found in CEA, AA, EB, LS, and RO values, while there was no significance in the AD, AW, ADWR, EI, and PED measurements in comparison with acetabular morphometry according to gender. Also, in the evaluation of acetabulum to age-related changes, there was a significant difference in values of the CEA, AA, AD, AW, ADWR, LS, and PED from decades 1 to 5. The knowledge of radiological acetabulum findings is paramount for the diagnosis of hip dysplasia and may be useful for prosthesis, orthopedic and forensic experts. Also, the most interesting finding was that ADWR increased based on age in a directly proportional trend. The most apparent change based on age was seen in CEA (between decades 3-4), LS (decades 1-5), PED (decades 2-4), AD, and AW (decades 2-5).

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la relación entre las medidas morfológicas del acetábulo y presentar sus valores de referencia. El estudio tuvo un diseño retrospectivo y se realizó con 234 sujetos sanos (108 mujeres; 126 hombres) de 18 a 53 años de edad durante un período de 4 años, desde 2018 hasta 2022. Once mediciones que incluyeron el ángulo centro-margen (ACM), ángulo acetabular (AA), profundidad acetabular (PA), ancho acetabular (AC), relación de profundidad y ancho (RPAC), extrusión A (EA)-B (EB), índice de extrusión (IE), subluxación lateral (SL). Se midió la distancia al margen (DAM) y la oblicuidad del techo (OT). Se consideró significativo el valor de p<0,05. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en los valores de ACM, AA, EB, SL y OT, mientras que no hubo significación en las medidas de AA, AC, RPAC, IE y DAM en comparación con la morfometría acetabular según el sexo. Además, en la evaluación del acetábulo respecto a los cambios relacionados con la edad, hubo una diferencia significativa en los valores de ACM, AA, PA, AC, RPAC, SL y DAM de las décadas 1 a 5. El conocimiento de los hallazgos radiológicos del acetábulo es primordial para el diagnóstico de displasia de cadera y puede ser útil para expertos en prótesis, ortopedia y medicina forense. Además, el hallazgo más interesante fue que RPAC aumentó según la edad en una tendencia directamente proporcional. El cambio más aparente según la edad se observó en ACM (entre las décadas 3 y 4), LS (décadas 1 a 5), DAM (décadas 2 a 4), PA y AC (décadas 2 a 5).

Age and Gender Differences in the Pattern of Antiplatelet Agents Prescribing

Aim:There is a scarcity of data regarding gender and age related aspects of antiplatelet drugs utilizationin the outpatient setting. Thus, the objective of the present study was to determine the age-and gender-related differences in the outpatient use of antiplatelet drugs in Alkharj.Methodology:This is a retrospective study that include the assessment of electronic prescriptions in the outpatient setting that include an antiplatelet drug in 2018.Results:Ticagrelor was prescribed mainly for patients more than 60 years old (84.62%). Clopidogrel was prescribed mainly for patients more than 50 years old (79.76%) and aspirin also was prescribed mainly for patients more than 50 years old (71.67%). Generally, most of the patients who received antiplatelet agents were male (52.76%).Conclusion:The present study showed that there were differences in prescribing antiplatelet agents between different gender and different ages. So it is important to know the prescribing trends and to give the appropriate drugs based on several factors such as gender and age. It is expected that in the future, antiplatelet therapy may be based on age and on endogenous sex hormone level or genetic female/male differences

Marcadores de gênero na experiência de mulheres com abortamento induzido: construção de instrumento para o cuidado / Gender markers in the experience of women with induced abortion: construction of an instrument for healthcare

O aborto representa um problema de saúde pública e, sobretudo, nos países em que é clandestino, mulheres são expostas a riscos à saúde. O reconhecimento de desigualdades de gênero, na experiência das mulheres, é condição essencial para os serviços darem respostas às demandas por cuidado na rede de saúde. No sentido de oferecer ao sistema de saúde subsídios para incorporação da perspectiva de gênero às práticas, foi desenvolvida pesquisa cujos objetivos foram sintetizar as evidências qualitativas sobre a experiência de mulheres submetidas a abortamento induzido, resultante de gravidez não planejada; identificar elementos de gênero na experiência de mulheres submetidas ao abortamento induzido resultante de gravidez não planejada; construir instrumento para o cuidado à saúde das mulheres com história de abortamento, a partir de marcadores qualitativos de gênero resultantes de revisão sistemática. Caracteriza-se como estudo de desenvolvimento metodológico, com abordagem qualitativa, e compreendeu três etapas. A primeira consistiu na realização de uma revisão sistemática da literatura científica baseada na proposta do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), sobre as experiências de mulheres submetidas ao abortamento induzido, resultante de gravidez não planejada. A segunda etapa consistiu em reunir os elementos de gênero presentes nos resultados dos estudos empíricos por convergência de temas, construindo-se categorias e a partir dessas os marcadores de gênero para a saúde da mulher com história de abortamento. A terceira correspondeu à construção do instrumento baseado nos elementos de gênero identificados. Os aspectos éticos foram respeitados em todas as etapas da pesquisa. A revisão sistemática foi realizada a partir de 42 estudos primários dos quais foram extraídos 200 findings agrupados por congruência em 51 categorias que, por convergência temática, resultaram em 15 metassínteses. Aplicando a categoria gênero e reorganizando as categorias, foram elaborados oito marcadores, compostos por 64 elementos de gênero presentes na experiência de mulheres que abortaram:1) Responsabilização da mulher pela contracepção e pela ocorrência da gravidez e vulnerabilidades; 2) Participação do parceiro e da família no processo de decisão da mulher pelo aborto ; 3) Dificuldades financeiras como razão para o aborto; 4) Participação de amigas/os, no processo de decisão da mulher pelo aborto; 5) Aborto por decisão pessoal; 6) Sentimentos vivenciados pelas mulheres pós-aborto; 7) Atendimento profissional de saúde no processo de abortamento e 8) Adoção de posição política pela descriminalização do aborto. Esses marcadores e elementos foram organizados, e foram construídas perguntas que compuseram o instrumento. Considera-se que, para a incorporação da perspectiva de gênero às práticas e a consequente implementação do instrumento construído, são necessárias a validação do mesmo e a educação permanente junto à equipe profissional, como também desde a graduação, em especial da enfermagem por seu lugar no espaço dos cuidados em qualquer nível de atenção, voltado à integralidade do cuidado e alinhada às relações de gênero, temáticas que constituem eixos da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde das Mulheres.(AU)

AGE- AND BENDER RELATED DIFFERENCES IN KNEE EXTENSION TORQUE AND LAG EXTENSION POWER / 体力科学

This study was aimed to investigate the influences of age and gender on isometric muscle torque and explosive muscle power output with reference to muscle volume. A total of 177 healthy subjects of both genders were divided into four groups according to their age and gender : 46 young men (22.0±3.2yrs), 43 young women (22.7±3.3yrs), 46 elderly men (71.2±4.3yrs) and 42 elderly women (72.7±4.5 yrs) . The maximal voluntary isometric knee extension torque of the right leg (hip and knee angle at 90 degrees) and the power of bilateral leg extension in sitting position were mea sured. The ratios of both torque and power to muscle volume, estimated using ultrasonograph measurement, was calculated (torque/MV and power/MV respectively) . Torque was significantly less among the elderly than among the young for both genders, and among women than among the men for both age groups. Significant age-related differences were evident even in terms of torque/ MV, but the corresponding differences between men and women disappeared. On the other hand, power MV showed significant age- and gender-related differences, and the age-related difference was larger than that for torque MV. These results suggest that age- and gender-related differences in power are more noticeable than differences in torque and that these differences are not simply explained by differences in muscle volume.

SITE AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE AGE-RELATED CHANGES OF MUSCLE THICKNESS IN LOWER LIMBS / 体力科学

This study aimed to investigate the influence of aging on muscle thickness in lower limbs, with specific emphasis on the site- and gender-related differences. Subjects were a total of 191 healthy young and elderly persons of both genders : 51 young men (24.2±3.6 yrs), 45 young women (23.1±3.2yrs), 51 elderly males, and 44 elderly females. Lower leg anterior, and lower leg posterior muscle thickness was determined using a brightness mode ultrasonographic apparatus. At all sites except for the thigh posterior, the muscle thickness values were significantly greater in the young than in the elderly groups of both genders, even in terms of the ratio of muscle thickness to body mass<SUP>1/3</SUP> (Mt/Wt<SUP>1/3</SUP> ratio), calculated to normalize the morphological differences. The relative difference in muscle thickness between the two age groups was the greatest at the thigh anterior and the least at the thigh posterior in both genders. Between young men and women, the men showed significantly greater muscle thickness and Mt/Wt<SUP>1/3</SUP> ratio at every site than the women. Between the elderly groups, however, Mt/Wt<SUP>1/3</SUP> ratios at all sites, except for the thigh anterior, did not show significant gender-related differences. Relative differences in both muscle thickness and Mt/Wt<SUP>1/3</SUP> ratio between the young men and women were similar among the sites, but between the elderly groups the corresponding values at the thigh anterior were greater than at the other sites. These results indicate that 1) the influence of aging on muscle thickness differs between the muscle groups located in the anterior and posterior sited within the same segment, 2) for women, the age-related loss of muscle thickness at the thigh anterior is relatively greater as compared to those at the other sites of the lower limb.