Efficacy and safety of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir versus elbasvir/grazoprevir in treatment of genotype 1b chronic hepatitis C / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy and safety of ledipasvir/sofosbuvir (LDV/SOF) and elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) in treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).Methods:The clinical data of 143 patients with genotype 1b CHC treated in Huzhou Central Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 74 cases treated with LDV/SOF and 69 cases treated with EBR/GZR. The virological response after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment and 12wk after drug withdrawal was determined; and the serological and liver inflammation indexes before and after treatment in two groups were compared. SPSS 25.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the data.Results:The virological response rates of the LDV/SOF group and EBR/GZR group were 97.30% and 98.55%, 98.65% and 100.00%, 97.30% and 98.55% after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment and 12 weeks after the end of treatment, respectively (all P > 0.05). At the end of treatment, the liver inflammation indexes ALT, AST and GGT in the two groups were significantly lower than the baseline levels ( Z=-7.470 and -6.974, -9.757 and -6.832, -3.578 and -4.054, P<0.01). Adverse reactions in both groups were mild, and no serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion:Both LDV/SOF and EBR/GZR have good clinical efficacy in the treatment of genotype 1b CHC patients. And the patients are well tolerated.

Research advances in animal models of diabetic retinopathy / 中国药理学通报

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the microvascular complications of diabetes. At present, the pathogenesis of DR is obscure and drugs can not meet clinical needs, however. Experimental animal model of DR is an effective tool to study its pathogenic mechanism and evaluate drug efficacy. In this paper, the research progress of experimental animal models of DR has been-reviewed in recent years, mainly using mice, zebrafish, and other experimental animals, which can be divided into two categories: induced type and genotype, according to the inducer.

Pharmaceutical Care on an H Hypertension Case with MTHFR Gene Mutation / 医药导报

Objective To explore the role of clinical pharmacist in individualized treatment of hypertension.Methods A patient withH hypertension receiving pharmaceutical care from clinical pharmacists was retrospectively analyzed.Results Patient's MTHFR (C677T) gene type was TT homozygous.Clinical pharmacist suggested doctor modify treatment,and then patient's plasma homocysteine dropped from 61.5 to 16.0 μmol·L-1,and blood pressure dropped from 173/ 111 mmHg(1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) to 130/80 mmHg.Conclusion Clinical pharmacist provides individualized treatment for patient with hypertension to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the drug by genotyping.

Expression of regenerating gene type IV in human gastric adenocarcinoma tissues and the clinical significance / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To investigate the role of regenerating gene type IV (Reg IV) in the development and progression of gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods: S-P immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the expression of Reg IV, PI3K, and Akt proteins in 63 gastric adenocarcinoma specimens and the corresponding tumor-adjacent normal tissues. Results: The positive expression rates of Reg IV, PI3K and Akt proteins in 63 gastric adenocarcinoma tissues were 50.7% (32/63), 68.3% (43/63) and 60.3% (38/63), respectively, being significantly higher than those in the tumor-adjacent normal tissues (19.0%[2/63], 20.6%[13/63], and 9.5% [6/63], respectively, P<0.05). Reg IV expression was significantly correlated with the differentiation degree of gastric adenocarcinoma (P<0.05) and PI3K protein expression was significantly correlated with the differentiation degree, infiltrative depth, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis of gastric adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). Akt protein expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). We also found that Reg IV protein expression was positively correlated with PI3K and Akt expression (rs=0.284, 0.305, P<0.05), and PI3K expression was positively correlated with Akt protein expression (rs=0.423, P<0.05). Conclusion: Reg IV overexpression is associated with the progression of gastric adenocarcinoma, which may involve activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Expression and clinical significance of RegⅣ,EGFR and PI3K proteins in human gastric adenocarcinoma / 实用肿瘤学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of RegⅣand EGFR,PI3K proteins in gastric adenocarcinoma .Methods S-P immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of RegⅣand EGFR,PI3K proteins in pathological tissues of 73 cases with gastric adenocarcinoma and tumor -adja-cent normal gastric tissues .Results The positive expression rates of RegⅣand EGFR,PI3K proteins in 73 cases with gastric adenocarcinoma tissue were 50.7%(37/73),56.2%(41/73) and 69.9%(51/73) respectively, which were significantly different from the positive expression rates of tumor -adjacent normal gastric tissues ,be-ing 20.5%(15/73),19.2%(14/73),and 21.9%(16/73),respectively(P<0.05).The expression of RegⅣprotein was significantly correlated to differentiation degree ( P<0.05 ) and the expression of EGFR protein was significantly correlated to infiltrative depth,TNM stage,and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).The expression of PI3K protein was significantly correlated to differentiation degree ,infiltrative depth,TNM stage and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05).There was positive correlation between the expressions of RegⅣ/EGFR,RegⅣ/PI3K and EGFR/PI3K proteins in gastric adenocarcinoma and the values of Spearman coefficient correlation were 0.325, 0.403 and 0.384,respectively(P<0.05).Conclusion RegⅣmay play an important role in gastric adenocarci-noma genesis and progression by activating EGFR /PI3K/Akt signaling pathway .

Relationship between-844T/C polymorphisms of Fas ligand gene promoter and fulminant hepatitis B / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of Fas ligand (FasL) and fulminant hepatitis B in Han Chinese. Methods HBV infected subjects were enrolled in this case-control study, including 233 cases of inactive HBsAg carrier, 68 patients with fulminant hepatitis B,100 cases of spontaneous hepatitis B clearance, 102 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) related cirrhosis and 112 patients with HBV related primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The blood samples and clinical data were collected. FasL-844T/C polymorphisms of enrolled subjects were examined by TaqMan real time fluorescent genotyping polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A adjusted odds ratios (OR)and 95% confidence intervals (CI)were calculated using the Logistic regression model. Results After adjusting the factors of gender and age, binary Logistic regression analyses indicated that the genotype frequencies of FasL-844 CC,CT,TT in inactive HBsAg carriers were 50. 64% ,39. 91% and 9. 44% respectively, and those in cases of fulminant hepatitis B were 79. 41%, 17. 65% and 2. 94%, respectively. The analysis also revealed that FasL-844CC genotype in inactive HBsAg carriers was high risk factor of developing fulminant hepatitis B (OR =4. 729,95%CI:0. 510 - 21. 282,P = 0. 043), while there were no statistic significances in other cases (P>0. 05). Conclusion The inactive HBsAg carriers harboring FasL-844CC may have greater susceptibility to fulminant hepatitis B, which need arouse high attention.

The pathogen surveillance of rubella virus in Beijing from 2007 to 2010 / 中华微生物学和免疫学杂志

Objective To clarify the pathogen for rubella in Beijing from 2007 to 2010. Methods Beijing Center for Disease Preventipn and Control ( CDC ) collected the specimens (including blood, urine and throat swab specimens) frqm clinically diagnosed rubella cases for serological test and virus isolation. The nucleic acid of rubella virus in clinical specimens and isolations was detected by real-time PCR. Results Fifty-five out of 99 blood specimens were positive for anti- rubella IgM. Fifty-one out of 99 clinically diagnosed rubella cases were confirmed as rubella cases by virus isolation. Seventy-two were confirmed as rubella virus infections with real-time PCR method for detecting the nucleic acid of rubella virus in clinical specimens. Compared with the sequences of reference strains of rubella virus, all of detected rubella virus belonged the IE gene type. Conclusion This study indicates that IE gene type virus was the predominant endemic rubella virus in Beijing.

Gene type study of alpha-thalassaemia in Chongqing / 重庆医科大学学报

Objectives:To study the distribution status,clinical manifestations and laboratory test characteristics of alpha-thalassaemia gene type in the city of ChongQing to approach the importance of genetic diagnosis for alpha-thalassaemia,and the significance of thia diagnosis for antenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis to promote the survival quality of human being.Methods:This study was performed in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University.One hundred and three alpha -thalassaemia patients were involved in this study.They had taken the tests of serum iron(SI),total iron binding capacity(TIBC),transferrin saturation(TS),hemoglobin(Hb)electrophoresis and genetic examination.Retrospective study and prospective study were performed with the results.Results:(1)A total of 72 patients underwent SI,TIBC and TS,and 55.56 %(40/72) patients had SI decreased,TIBC increased and TS decreased.(2) 92 serum samples from these patients had Hb electrophoresis,in which 31.52%(29/92) presented fast band.(3) In this study,there were 82.52%(85/103) deletional alpha-thalassaemia and 17.48%(18/103) non-deletional alpha-thalassaemia.(4) In 85 deletional alpha-thalassaemia,alpha0-thalassaemia was more than alpha+-thalassaemia.Conclusion:(1) Deletion form is the main form of ? thalassaemia in ChongQing.(2) alpha0-thalassaemia is less than alpha+-thalassaemia.(3) Genetic diagnosis is the gold standard for this disease.(4) It should be emphasized that antenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis are important for better lives of human beings.(5) Alpha-thalassaemia can affiliate nutritional iron deficiency anemia(NIDA).

An analysis of iron-load in 443 cases of thalassemia with different gene types / 第三军医大学学报

005), while iron overload occurred in 8 of 57 cases of ?-thalassemia (14.0%) and 89 out of 386 cases of ?-thalassemia (23.1%). Although the occurrence rate of iron overload in ?-thalassemia appeared higher than that in ?-thalassemia, no significant difference existed. Homozygote ?-thalassemia was prone to iron overload, followed by non-deletion HbH diseases, at the occurrence rate of 79.2% and 27.3% respectively. Iron deficiency was inclined to be associated with silent ?-thalassemia at the occurrence rate of 45.5%, followed by heterozygote ?-thalassemia (30.3%). Conclusion Both iron overload and iron deficiency can be found in thalassemia. Therefore, special treatments should be carried out according to given cases.

Genotype Analysis of Pyrogenic Exotoxin and emm Genes of Streptococcus pyogenes Clinical Isolates

A variety of proteins produced by Streptococcus pyogenes contribute to the virulence of the pathogen. Among the proteins, the M protein and streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins (Spe) are considered the major S. pyogenes virulence factors. To better characterize the correlation of M protein type and pyrogenic exotoxins with clinical diseases, we tested 269 S. pyogenes clinical isolates from patients with scarlet fever, pharyngitis, skin infection, otitis media, or other invasive streptococcal infections that provided appropriate clinical data. The strains were genotyped (M type) and assayed for speA, speB, and speC genes. The speB gene was detected in all isolates. Also, speA and speC genes were detected in 54 strains (18.2%) and 140 strains (47.3%), respectively. The strains isolated from invasive disease patients showed the highest frequency of speA gene (40.5%). The correlation among emm genotype, speA gene, and clinical patterns was analyzed. Genotypes emm1 (55.6%) and emm3 (22.2%) were predominant in stains with speA gene. The distribution of emm genotypes did not significantly associate with clinical patterns. These data suggest that SpeA is significantly associated with specific emm genotypes, and the exotoxin serve a dominant virulence factor.

Genotyping of ?-Lactamases and Preliminary Discovery of Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinases AmpC Subtype from Acinetobacter baumannii / 中华医院感染学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the genes associated ?-lactamases in Acinetobacter baumannii(ABA)isolated and preliminary discovery of Acinetobacter-derived cephalosporinases(ADC)-subtype in Shaoxing,Zhejiang.METHODS Eighteen ?-lactamases genes were detected by PCR,and a new ADC ?-lactamases gene fragments produced by PCR were sequenced and analyzed.RESULTS The positive rates of ADC-gene,TEM-gene and OXA-23 group-gene were 85.9%,27.1% and 58.8%,respectively.The other genes were not found in all 85 isolates tested.CONCLUSIONS There are very high positive percentages of ADC,TEM and OXA-23 group genes in A.baumannii isolated clinically and that is the important mechanism of multi-resistance.The ADC gene may be a novel subtype in lactamases(GenBank accession number:EF569590).

The association study between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ?2 gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中国糖尿病杂志

Objective To study the association of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor?2 (PPAR?2) gene polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods PPAR?2 gene Pro12Ala polymorphism was examined using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR RFLP) in 101 couples of type 2 diabetes mellitus normal control.Results In control group, heterozygosity carriers had lower serum apolipoprotein B (P=0 006).The Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPAR?2 gene is not associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus(OR=1.48,95%CI=0.52～4.18,P=0.461).Conclusion PPAR?2 gene Pro12Ala polymorphism is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism; PPAR?2 gene may not play a critical role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Han of Beijing Chinese.

Distribution of gene typing of clinical ESBLs-producing bacterium in children and its drug resistance / 重庆医科大学学报

Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics and gene type of the Extended-Spectrum ?-Lactamases(ESBLs)-producing Gram-negative bacterium in Chong-qing area from 2002 to 2004,and investigate its distribution of gene typing and drug resistance.Methods:There were 4022 Gram-negative bacterium isolated in clinic from 2002 to 2004,and they were identified and done the drug sensitivity by the microscan walkaway-4.0.ESBLs-producing strains were detected by K-B method and amplified by PCR.The DNA of 108 chosen ESBLs-producing strains were genotyped by Tripure Isolation Reagent.Results:1468 ESBLs-producing strains were detected.The rates of Escherichia.coli and Klebsiella.pneumoniae were 52.5% and 65.8% respectively.The general positive rate of ESBLs-producing was 58.0%.And the rates in year 2002,2003 and 2004 were 68.2%,56.9% and 50.8% 2002 to 2004 respectively.The result of PCR showed that 3 types of gene typing,TEM,SHV and CTX were detected in 108 chosen ESBLs-producing strainsThe TEM type was the main type in E.coli(56/59),E.asburiane(12/13)and P.aeruginosa(6/7)while the SHV type was the main type in K.pneumoniae(28/29).TEM type was the main type for year 2002(75%),both TEM(40%)and SHV(57.1%)for 2003,and TEM for 2004(90.9%)with CTX as infrequent type(3.7%).The resistance rates of ESBLs-producing isolates against penicillins,aztreonam and the third generation cephalosporins were about 56.2%-100%,and almost multi-resistant.Conclusion:The incidence of ESBLs-producing isolates was decreasing by year,and ESBLs-Producing isolates mainly carried TEM and SHV types of ?-Lactamases with the TEM one as the major.Their drug resistances were not so good.Those indicated that it is necessany to strengthen the understanding about bacterium resistance and gene type change,administer medicines reasonably to decrease the resistant ones and control the infection in hospital better.