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To date, numerous case-control studies have shown the complexity of the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). In terms of genetic factors, several susceptibility genes are known to contribute to the development of PD, including alpha-synuclein (SNCA), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), and glucocerebrosidase (GBA). In addition, numerous recent epidemiological studies have shown that several environmental factors are either risk factors for PD or protective factors against PD. Risk factors identified include herbicides and pesticides (e.g., paraquat, rotenone, and maneb), metals (e.g., manganese and lead), head trauma, and well water. In contrast, smoking and coffee/caffeine consumption are known to be protective against PD. A recent finding in this field is that environmental-genetic interactions contribute more to the pathogenesis of PD than do genetic factors or environmental factors alone. In this review, I will discuss how these interactions promote the development of PD.
Assuntos
alfa-Sinucleína , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais , Glucosilceramidase , Herbicidas , Manganês , Metais , Paraquat , Doença de Parkinson , Praguicidas , Fosfotransferases , Fatores de Risco , Rotenona , Fumaça , Fumar , Poços de ÁguaRESUMO
Objective To analyze the topological properties of genomic-wide genetic interaction network in yeast. Methods The topological properties of genomic-wide genetic interaction network in yeast were calculated by the graph theory. Results A power law fit the degree distribution well in the genomic-wide genetic interaction network in yeast, with the exponent approaching 3. TheNode's degree followed awídc-taíl distribution, with the average degree being 87. Two thirds of the genes had genetic interaction via only one gene, and about one third of the genes had genetic interaction via only 2 genes. The average clustering coefficient was 0. 047. Conclusion The gene function in yeast is usually multiple and the functional interaction between genes is highly condensed.
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Objective To analyze the topological properties of genomic-wide genetic interaction network in yea; Methods The topological properties of genomic-wide genetic interaction network in yeast were calculated by the graph theoi Results A power law fit the degree distribution well in the genomic-wide genetic interaction network in yeast, with t exponent approaching 3. TheNode's degree followed awide-tail distribution, with the average degree being 87. Two thirds the genes had genetic interaction via only one gene, and about one third of the genes had genetic interaction via only 2 gene The average clustering coefficient was 0. 047. Conclusion The gene function in yeast is usually multiple and the functioi interaction between genes is highly condensed.
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The putative eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A) is an essential protein for cell viability and the only cellular protein known to contain the unusual amino acid residue hypusine. eIF5A has been implicated in translation initiation, cell proliferation, nucleocytoplasmic transport, mRNA decay, and actin polarization, but the precise biological function of this protein is not clear. However, eIF5A was recently shown to be directly involved with the translational machinery. A screen for synthetic lethal mutations was carried out with one of the temperature-sensitive alleles of TIF51A (tif51A-3) to identify factors that functionally interact with eIF5A and revealed the essential gene YPT1. This gene encodes a small GTPase, a member of the rab family involved with secretion, acting in the vesicular trafficking between endoplasmatic reticulum and the Golgi. Thus, the synthetic lethality between TIF51A and YPT1 may reveal the connection between translation and the polarized distribution of membrane components, suggesting that these proteins work together in the cell to guarantee proper protein synthesis and secretion necessary for correct bud formation during G1/S transition. Future studies will investigate the functional interaction between eIF5A and Ypt1 in order to clarify this involvement of eIF5A with vesicular trafficking.
Assuntos
Genes Letais/genética , Mutação/genética , Fatores de Iniciação de Peptídeos/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/genética , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Proteínas rab de Ligação ao GTP/genética , Fase G1/genética , Fase S/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/citologia , Vesículas Transportadoras/genéticaRESUMO
OsRacD is a critical molecular switch involved in photoperiod fertility conversion of photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile rice.Taking OsRacD as bait,a new rice myosin heavy chain partial cDNA was isolated from the rice panicle by yeast two-hybrid,and designated OsMY1.The interaction between OsMY1 and OsRacD had been testified by yeast two-hybrid and pull down assay,it showed that OsMY1 could bind with OsRacD,suggested that OsMY1 maybe the target of OsRacD.The important evidence for further study on the functional relationship between OsMY1 and OsRacD in vivo are also provided.