Piebaldism Associated with Café-au-lait Macules and Intertriginous Freckling: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

We present 9-year-old fraternal twins from a family with piebaldism, having congenital depigmented macules and meeting the diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) due to the multiple café-au-lait macules (CALMs) and intertriginous freckling at the same time. It's still a debatable issue that CALMs and intertriginous freckling may be seen in the clinical spectrum of piebaldism or these patients should be regarded as coexistence of piebaldism and NF1. However, based on recent literature and our patients' findings, we suggest that this rare phenotypic variant of piebaldism may not need the careful clinical follow-up and molecular testing for NF1. Besides, it may be suitable that these individuals with piebaldism showing NF1-like clinical phenotypes should be further tested for KIT and SPRED1 gene mutations.

Elastosis perforans serpiginosa, a transepithelial elimination skin disease diagnosed by histopathology: case report / Elastoseperfurante serpiginosa, uma doença de transeliminação epidérmica e diagnóstico essencialmente histopatológico: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Elastosis perforans serpiginosa is a disease that belongs to the group of perforating dermatoses, in which dermal elastic tissue extrusion occurs through epidermis. It generally affects young male individuals, and is clinically characterized by keratotic papules of verrucous aspect with centrifugal and serpiginous growth. We report the case of a male patient presenting with papular keratotic lesions since the age of 5. Some of the lesions display a central keratotic plug and converge into circular, arciform and serpiginous lesions.

RESUMO A elastose perfurante serpiginosa é uma dermatose pouco comum pertencente ao grupo das dermatoses perfurantes, nas quais ocorre a extrusão do tecido elástico dérmico por meio da epiderme. Na maioria das vezes afeta indivíduos jovens, com predominância no sexo masculino; clinicamente caracteriza-se por pápulas ceratósicas de aspecto verrucoso, com crescimento centrífugo e serpiginoso. Relatamos o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, com aparecimento de lesões papulares ceratósicas desde os 5 anos de idade. Algumas dessas lesões apresentavam rolha córnea central, e confluíam para lesões circulares, arciformes e serpiginosas.

Caso para diagnóstico / Case for diagnosis

O termo cútis tricolor descreve a presença de máculas cutâneas hiper e ipocrômicas, adjacentes e congênitas, e é manifestação de mosaicismo cutâneo explicada pelo mecanismo de twin spotting alélico. Esse fenômeno consiste em forma particular de recombinação somática, com perda da heterozigose, que ocorre durante a mitose no embrião em formação. Apresenta-se caso de paciente masculino, 16 anos, com máculas hiper e hipocrômicas adjacentes no tronco, presentes desde o nascimento, assintomáticas. Não se detectaram outras anomalias.

The term cutis tricolor describes the presence of congenital hyper and hypopigmented skin macules and is a manifestation of skin mosaicism, explained by the allelic twin spotting mechanism. This phenomenon consists of a peculiar type of somatic recombination, with loss of heterozygosity, which occurs during mitosis in the forming embryo. We present the case of a male patient, aged 16, with congenital asymptomatic adjacent hyper and hypopigmented macules on the trunk. No other anomalies could be detected.