Next generation sequencing technologies in clinical virological detection / 中华检验医学杂志

Next generation sequencing technologies,providing high speed and throughput that contribute greatly to DNA sequencing,have many applications in clinical virology,including identification of novel or unsuspected viruses,evaluation of human viromes,investigation of viral genetic diversity and evolution,monitoring of antiviral drug resistance,and analysis of virus-host interaction.Meanwhile,due to the complexity in bioinformatics data processing and lack of quality management standards,further efforts and explorations need to be put in the application and quality management of NGS in clinical laboratory.

Advances in research of HBV quasispecies / 中华检验医学杂志

Hepatitis B virus exists in the form of quasispecies.Quasispecies are an important basis for the pathogenesis and drug resistance of hepatitis B virus.Researches for quasispecies could contribute to evaluating the progress of disease, predicting drug resistance, adjusting the therapeutic regimen and performing individual treatment.

Actualización sobre fiebres hemorrágicas virales / Updating on viral hemorrhagic fevers

Fundamento: en el mundo emergen nuevos brotes de fiebres hemorrágicas virales, al mismo tiempo que antiguos brotes resurgen. Objetivo: facilitar información a estudiantes y trabajadores de la salud. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en la red Infomed en las bases de datos EBSCO, PUBMED y SCIELO con los descriptores fiebres hemorrágicas virales y viral hemorrhagic fever. Desarrollo: se caracterizó este grupo de enfermedades en su conjunto, se analizaron las coincidencias y las medidas generales para prevención y control. Conclusiones: es una información útil para el profesional y estudiante de la salud, pues coinciden en la utilización de métodos participativos de equipos transdisciplinarios, la generación de bases de datos confiables y efectivas, la diversificación de métodos analíticos y la necesidad de preparación del personal de salud para enfrentar los brotes epidémicos.

Background: outbreaks of viral hemorrhagic fevers are emerging and reemerging around the world. Objective: to provide information for health workers and students. Methods: a bibliographic search was made in Infomed (in the data bases EBSCO, PUBMED and SciELO) with the descriptors fiebres hemorrágicas virales and viral hemorrhagic fevers. Development: this group of diseases was characterized as a whole. The coincidences and general measures for control and prevention were analyzed. Conclusions: this paper is condensed and useful information for health professionals and students since there are coincidences in the use of participatory methods of transdisciplinary teams, in the generation of reliable and effective data bases, in the diversification of analytical methods and in the necessity of preparing the health staff to face these epidemic outbreaks.

Identificação do gene EBER1 e EBNA1 do vírus de Epstein Barr (EBV) em tecidos de pacientes com doença de Hodgkin na região Norte do Brasil / Identification of gene EBER1 and EBNA 1 of Epstein Barr virus (EBV) in tissues of patients with Hodgkin’s disease in Northern Brazil

O vírus de Epstein Barr (EBV) é o agente causador da mononucle¬ose infecciosa e está associado a várias desordens proliferativas malignas tais como: linfoma de Burkitt, linfoma de Hodgkin e lin¬fomas não Hodgkin. Objetivo: detectar o genoma do EBV mediante a identificação dos genes EBER1 e EBNA1 em casos de doença de Hodgkin. Métodos: um total de 65 casos de linfomas diagnosti¬cados no Hospital Ophir Loyola no período de 1996 e 2005 foram analisados no Instituto Evandro Chagas, Ananindeua, Brasil. Todos os espécimes parafinizados foram analisados por hibridização in situ (gene EBER1) e PCR em tempo real (EBNA1). Resultados: do total, 64,6% (42/65) dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino e 35,4% (23/65) do sexo feminino. O EBV foi identificado por HIS nas células Reed Sternberg e variantes em 76,9% (50/65) dos casos com idade média de 28,3 anos (variação 2-84 anos). Os subtipos histológicos de casos EBV-positivos foram os seguintes: esclerose nodular em 50% (25/50), celularidade mista em 28% (14/50), depleção linfocitária em 14% (7/50) e predominância linfocitária em 8% (4/50). O DNA do EBV foi detectado em 53% (26/49) dos casos de doença de Hodgkin com um coeficiente de regressão para a curva padrão de 0,99. Conclusão: este estudo foi a primeira descrição do vírus de Epstein Barr em casos de linfoma de Hodgkin na Amazônia Brasileira, reforçando a hipótese de que o EBV seja um co-fator no processo de transformação neoplásica em conjunto com a predisposição genética e imunidade do paciente

Introduction: EBV is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis and is associated with several malignant proliferative disorders such as Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, some B and T cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Objective: The main objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of EBER 1 gene and EBNA1 gene in cases of Hodgkin’s disease. Material and Methods: A total of 65 cases of lymphomas diagnosed between 1996 and 2005 were obtained from “Instituto Ofir Loyola” and analyzed at the “Instituto Evandro Chagas” Ananindeua, Brazil. The EBV antigens using EBER 1 probe in situ hybridization (HIS) and real time quantitative PCR. Results: From the total obtained, 64.6% (42/65) were male and 35.4% (23/65) female. EBV was identified in the Reed- Sternberg cells and variants in 76.9% (50/65) of Hodgkin’s disease cases, the median age were 28.3 years (range 2-84). The histologic subtypes of EBV-positive cases were as follows: nodular sclerosis in 50% (25/50), mixed cellularity in 28% (14/50), lymphocyte depletion in 14% (7/50) and lymphocyte predominance in 8% (4/50). We detected EBV DNA in 53% (26/49) with a coefficient of regression for the standard curve of a minimum of 0.99. Conclusion: These results were the first demonstration of the role of Epstein Barr virus in cases of Hodgkin diseases in northern Brazil and are consistent with the hypothesis that the presence of EBV during neoplasic transformation could be an additional cofactor acting together with both genetic predisposition and immunity of the patient

Experimental transfection of hepatitis G virus genomic RNA / 中华传染病杂志

Objective To investigate pathogene city, replication and expression of hepatitis G virus (HGV) in rhesus monkey infected with HGV RNA genome or HGV RNA positive sera. Methods A full length cDNA clone of HGV was constructed. Rhesus monkey BY1 was inoculated intrahepatically with genomic RNA from this HGV clone resulted in viral replication. HGV RNA positive sera from BY1 were intravenously inoculated into rhesus monkeys BM1, and sera from BM1 were intravenously inoculated into BB1 in series. Sera were collected weekly or bi weekly and liver biopsies were performed regularly. RT PCR, in situ hybridization and immunological, serological, histological assays were carried out to study the infectivity and pathogenecity of HGV. Results The serological and pathological results indicated that all of the 3 rhesus monkeys developed HGV viremia and had slightly elevated alanine transaminase levels (up to 418 IU/ L) during the period of experiment. HGV RNA became positive at the 3 rd , 8 th and 3 rd week post inoculation in the animals BY1, BM1 and BB1 respectively, and existed up to 21 weeks. The histology, immunohistochemnistry, and in situ hybridization in the liver tissues of the inoculated animals also showed that there was a mild hepatitis with HGV E2 expression in cytoplasm of hepatocytes. RT PCR and quantitative PCR showed that HGV could replicate in liver.Conclusions The genomic RNA from HGV full length cDNA is infective to the rhesus monkeys resulting in mild hepatitis. Infection and the transmission of the HGV in the rhesus monkey provide an appropriate animal model for the study of HGV.