Relationship of lower limb force line and the progression of lateral compartment arthritis after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with mobile bearing / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: The long-term follow-up report shows that the progress of lateral compartment osteoarthritis is an important reason for the revision of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty, and the force line of lower limbs is considered to be an important factor leading to the progress of lateral compartment osteoarthritis after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of lower limb force line on the progression of lateral compartment arthritis in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with mobile bearing. METHODS: From March 2014 to March 2017, a retrospective analysis was conducted in 84 patients who underwent unicompartmental knee arthroplasty in the Department of Arthrology, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Kellgren-Lawrence X-ray grading was used to evaluate the osteoarthritis of the lateral compartment during the follow-up. According to whether osteoarthritis of the lateral compartment was more advanced than that of the operation during the last follow-up, it was divided into the advanced group and the non-advanced group. The force lines of the lower limbs, such as hip-knee-ankle angle and Kennedy area distribution of the mechanical axis of the lower limbs, were compared between the two groups. Simultaneously, the knee joint function of the two groups was compared by the Hospital for Special Surgery knee score, visual analogue scale score of the knee joint, and motion range of the knee. The relationship between the changes of lower extremity force lines and the progress of lateral compartment arthritis was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All patients were followed up for 36-72 months, and no complications such as infection, poor wound healing, periprosthetic fracture, polyethylene gasket dislocation occurred. (2) Among the 84 patients, 27 cases were in the advanced group and 57 cases were in the non-advanced group. Significant differences in Hospital for Special Surgery knee score and visual analogue scale score were detected at the last follow-up between the advanced group and the non-advanced group (P 0.05). (3) At the last follow-up, the average hip-knee-ankle angle in the advanced group was (-1.02±3.13)°, while that in the non-advanced group was (3.94±1.56)°. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, there was a significant difference in hip-knee-ankle angle between the last follow-up and the preoperation between the two groups (P < 0.05). (4) The regional distribution of lower limb mechanical axis Kennedy was compared between the two groups at the last follow-up, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The postoperative lower limb force lines were mostly located in zone 3 and C in the advanced group, and mostly located in zone 2 in the non-advanced group. (5) Good lower limb alignment is the key factor affecting the clinical efficacy after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with mobile bearing. Average varus angle of mechanical axis was approximately 3.94° in patients with well-functioning unicompartmental knee arthroplasty at follow-up, whereas patients for progression of osteoarthritis were in more valgus (mean 1.02° of valgus).

Corrección de genu valgo postraumático con osteotomía de cierre en tibia proximal / High tibial osteotomy for posttraumatic genu valgus deformity correction

OBJETIVO: Presentar un caso de complicación de fractura de platillos tibiales Schatzker VI y su manejo quirúrgico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Se presenta un caso de fractura de platillos tibial Schatzker VI que evoluciona con malalineamiento en valgo secundario a hundimiento del platillo tibial, junto a una revisión de la literatura y la descripción del manejo quirúrgico. RESULTADOS: Se realizó una osteotomía en cuña de cierre medial de tibia proximal y se estabilizó con placa bloqueada (TomoFix), con una corrección completa de la deformidad sin complicaciones. Discusión: La osteotomía en cuña de cierre medial en tibia proximal es una técnica descrita en el manejo de artrosis secundaria a malalineamiento en valgo de la rodilla. Mediante dos osteotomías iniciadas por la cortical medial hacia la lateral con un fulcro esa última, se retira una cuña de dimensiones conocidas y se mantiene la reducción con algún elemento de osteosíntesis. De esa forma, se permite la corrección angular de la deformidad, previamente planificada. Los resultados en distintas series son en general favorables. CONCLUSIÓN: El malalineamiento de la extremidad posterior a una fractura de platillos tibiales y la consecuente sobrecarga del compartimento afectado en la rodilla, asociado al daño articular, evoluciona con degeneración articular que termina en una artrosis unicompartimental secundaria, la cual puede ser prevenida con el uso de osteotomías correctoras de ejes como la osteotomía de tibia proximal, permitiendo normalizar la distribución de las cargas en los compartimentos mediante la corrección del eje mecánico alterado y así prolongar la sobrevida articular.

OBJECTIVE: To present a Schatzker VI tibial plateau fracture case complication and its surgical management METHODS: We present a case of tibial plateau fracture, type VI according to Schatzkeŕs classification, that developed limb malalignment secondary to tibial plateau depression resulting in a genu valgum deformity, along with a literature review and a brief description of the surgical technique. Results: High tibial medial closing wedge osteotomy, stabilized with locking plate (tomoFix) was performed, with a complete correction of the deformity without complications. DISCUSSION: High tibial medial closing wedge is a known procedure used in the management of valgus knee malalignment secondary osteoarthritis. By means of two osteotomies made from medial to lateral cortices, using the latter as a fulcrum, a wedge with known dimensions is subtracted and reduction is maintained with some osteosynthesis element. In this fashion, it allows the previously planned angular correction. Results in different reports are mostly favorable. CONCLUSION: The malalignment of the limb after a tibial plateau fracture and the consequent overload of the affected knee compartment; associated with joint damage, evolves in joint degeneration and eventually, in a secondary unicompartmental osteoarthritis. This can be avoided with the use of corrective osteotomies such as the proximal tibial osteotomy, which allows a proper distribution of loads in the compartments by correcting the altered mechanical axis and thus, prolonging joint survival.

Lower limb joint alignment and postural control in elderly women / Alinhamento articular de membros inferiores e controle postural em idosas

The aim of this study was to test whether quiet stance body sway is associated with ankle and knee joint angles in elderly women. Joint angles were measured using a manual goniometer and body sway was assessed using a force platform and four postural tasks with a combination of feet positions and eye condition. The sample (N = 58) showed the following angle values: 102 (100-104) for the tibiotarsal joint, 176 (174-180) for the subtalar joint, 184 (181-187) for knee flexion-extension, and 13 (10-15) for the Q-angle. Q-angle was significantly correlated (p < 0.05) with center of foot pressure (CP) displacement area (r = 0.36), anteroposterior (SDy, r = 0.34) and lateral (SDx, r = 0.31) CP standard deviation, and anteroposterior CP range (r = 0.38) during the closed base, eyes opened trial (CBEO). The valgus group showed statistically higher values than the normal and varus groups for SDy (0.56 vs. 0.52 and 0.46 mm; p = 0.02), SDx (0.55 vs. 0.49 and 0.36 mm; p = 0.02) and anteroposterior range (3.32 vs. 2.78 and 2.38 mm; p = 0.01), CBEO. The displacement velocity of the CP was significantly higher for the asymmetric than the symmetric Q-angle group (8.0 vs. 5.3 mm/s - closed base, eyes closed trial). Knee alignment was correlated with measures of body sway in elderly women, but ankle alignment showed no correlation. Knee morphology should be considered an associated factor for quiet stance postural control.

O objetivo do estudo foi verificar se a oscilação corporal na postura quieta está associada aos ângulos articulares de tornozelo e joelho em idosas. Os ângulos foram medidos por um goniômetro manual e a oscilação corporal foi obtida por uma plataforma de força em quatro situações (combinando posição dos pés e condição visual). A amostra (N = 58) apresentou os seguintes valores angulares: 102 (100-104) para o tibiotársico, 176 (174-180) para o subtalar, 184 (181-187) para flexão-extensão de joelho e 13 (10-15) para ângulo Q. O ângulo Q se correlacionou significativamente (p < 0,05) com a área do deslocamento do centro de pressão dos pés (CP) (r = 0,36); com o desvio padrão anteroposterior (SDy, r = 0,34) e lateral (SDx, r = 0,31) do CP; e com a amplitude anteroposterior do CP (r = 0,38), durante a condição de base fechada, olhos abertos (BFOA). O grupo valgo, quando comparado aos grupos normal e varo, apresentou valores estatisticamente maiores de SDy (0,56 vs. 0,52 and 0,46 mm; p = 0,02), SDx (0,55 vs. 0,49 and 0,36 mm; p = 0,02) e amplitude anteroposterior (3,32 vs. 2,78 and 2,38 mm; p = 0,01), BFOA. A velocidade de deslocamento do CP foi significativamente maior para o grupo com ângulo Q assimétrico, comparando com o simétrico (8,0 vs. 5,3 mm/s - condição de base fechada, olhos fechados). O alinhamento do joelho se correlacionou com medidas de oscilação corporal em idosas, mas o tornozelo não mostrou nenhuma correlação. A morfologia do joelho deve ser considerada um fator influenciador no controle postural estático.

Fracturas en una mujer con mialgias difusas e hipocaliemias graves / Fractures in a woman with severe diffuse myalgias and hypokalemia

Resumen El déficit en la mineralización ósea caracteriza al raquitismo y a la osteomalacia, las cuales pueden ser secundarias a deficiencias de calcio o de vitamina D principalmente. La osteomalacia genera síntomas inespecíficos e insidiosos, usualmente minimizados, y puede confundirse con otras condiciones médicas. La densitometría ósea no diferencia entre osteoporosis y osteomalacia, por lo cual corresponde al clínico hacer una evaluación juiciosa de los síntomas, factores de riesgo, antecedentes, alteraciones de laboratorio y hallazgos radiológicos para tratar de descartar la presencia aislada o simultánea de osteomalacia. La exclusión de osteomalacia tiene importantes repercusiones terapéuticas y pronósticas. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con osteomalacia con varias fracturas espontáneas, pseudofracturas de Looser-Milkman, deformidades angulares en rodillas, mialgias difusas y antecedente de acidosis tubular renal, hipocaliemias graves y sordera neurosensorial, la cual venía rotulada y tratada erróneamente como osteoporosis. (Acta Med Colomb 2013; 38: 255-257).

Abstract The deficit in bone mineralization characterizes rickets and osteomalacia, which may be secondary to deficiencies of calcium or mainly of vitamin D. Osteomalacia generates unspecific and insidious symptoms, usually minimized , and can be confused with other medical conditions. Bone densitometry does not differentiate between osteoporosis and osteomalacia, so it is up to the clinician to make a wise assessment of symptoms, risk factors, history, laboratory abnormalities and radiographic findings to try to rule out the presence of isolated or simultaneous osteomalacia. The exclusion of osteomalacia has important therapeutic and prognostic implications. We report the case of a patient with osteomalacia with multiple spontaneous fractures, Looser-Milkman pseudo-fractures, angular deformities in knees, diffuse myalgias, and history of renal tubular acidosis, severe hipokalemias and sensorineural deafness, which had been wrongly labeled and treated as osteoporosis. (Acta Med Colomb 2013; 38: 255-257).

Desarrollo anguaar y rotacional de los miembrosinferiores en escolares entre 33 y 10 años. estudio de dos poblaciones diferentes / 3- to 10-year-old schoolchildren's angular and rotational lower limb development: a study of two different populations

Antecedentes. Las alteraciones rotacionales y angulares son causa frecuente de consulta ortopédica infantil. El alineamiento de los miembros inferiores es un proceso dinámico, variable con la edad, hasta hacerse similar al adulto aproximadamente a los 10 años. Entre estas tenemos la persistencia de la anteversión femoral, aumento de la torsión tibial interna o externa, el genuvaru y el genu valgo. Objetivo Conocer los valores en el desarrollo rotacional y angular de los miembros inferiores en dos poblaciones diferentes socioculturalmente en Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Es un estudio de corte transversal, realizado en niños entre 3 y 10 años de colegios de Bogotá y Barranquilla. Se realizó la medición clínica de los ángulos de anteversión femoral, de rodilla, muslo pie, de marcha, las distancia intermaleolar e intercondílea; por dos evaluadores. Se seleccionó el 90% de los valores centrales como una aproximación al rango de referencia para esta población. Resultados. Se encontró un ángulo de marcha entre -5° y 8°, y ángulo muslo pie entre 0° y 15°. La distancia intermaleolar fue en promedio 2 cm y el ángulo de rodilla fue 8°, no encontrando relación de genu valgo con el género ni con el estado nutricional. La anteversión femoral también disminuyó con la edad, entre los 3 y 7 años fue 20° y en los mayores de 8 años de 15°. La rotación interna de cadera fue en promedio 60° y la rotación externa de 45°. En Barranquilla se observó un mayor valor de las medidas al compararlas con Bogotá. Discusión. Se encontró que el ángulo valgo de rodilla y la distancia intermaleolar disminuyen con la edad, así como la anteversión femoral, apreciando la edad límite de 8 años muy similar al adulto. El estudio sugiere algunas diferencias entre las 2 poblaciones estudiadas.

Background. Rotational and angular alterations are frequently the cause of children's orthopaedic consultation. The lower limbs' alignment is a dynamic process; it varies with age, becoming similar to that of an adult when a child is around 10 years of age. However, alterations involving femoral anteversion (leaning forward/), increased internal (foot pointing inwards) or external tibial torsion (pointing outwards), genu varum (bow legs) and genu valgum (knock knees) persist. Objective. Ascertaining values regarding lower limb rotational and angular development in two socio-culturally different populations in Colombia. Materials and Methods. This cross-sectional study involved children aged 3 to 10-years-old from schools in Bogotá and Barranquilla. Femoral anteversion, knee, thigh-foot and walking angles were clinically measured by two evaluators, as were intermalleolar and intercondylar distances. 90% of the central values were selected as an approximation to the reference range for this population. Results. A -5° to 8° walking angle and 0° to 15° thigh-foot angle were found. The average intermalleolar distance was 2 cm and knee angle was 8°; no relationship was found between genu valgum and gender or nutritional state. Femoral anteversion became reduced with age; it was 20° from 3 to 7 years and 15° in children aged older than 8 years. The hip's internal rotation was 60° on average and 45° for external rotation. Higher measurement values were observed in Barranquilla than in Bogotá. Discussion. It was found that the knee's valgum angle, femoral anteversion and intermalleolar distance became reduced with age, appreciating that an age limit of 8 years was very similar to that for adults. The study suggested several differences between both populations studied here.