Abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism and oral squamous cell carcinoma / 口腔疾病防治

@#Epidemiological studies have shown that abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism is associated with a variety of malignant tumors, including oral squamous cell carcinoma. In this paper, the role of abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism, especially diabetes mellitus and obesity, in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma and its pathogenesis are reviewed based on the research results of our group and the literature. Hyperglycemia and insulinemia in diabetes mellitus are the main mechanisms that increase the risk of cancer. Our research shows that hyperglycemia can promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through the glycolytic enzyme M2 pyruvate kinase (PKM2) and hexokinase 2 (HK2). Hyperinsulinemia can promote the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of tongue squamous cell carcinoma by activating the insulin-like growth factor signal transduction system. Obese patients are often accompanied by increased serum adipokine Chemerin (Chem). Our study shows that serum Chem concentrations in obese patients with tongue cancer are significantly higher compared with nonobese patients. Chem can regulate the proliferation, invasion and migration of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells through the SOD2-H2O2 signaling pathway. These results provide a basis for the prevention of oral squamous cell carcinoma, provide a new iqdea for the precise treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma, and suggest that the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma should also actively treat patients with diabetes and obesity.

Riboflavin inhibited ischemia brain damage in rats / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effect of riboflavin on ischemia brain damage and the mecha-nism.Methods The in vivo experiments were pro-cessed in male SD rats .Rats were randomly arranged into control group , model group and riboflavin group . The rats in riboflavin group were intraperitoneally in-jected riboflavin at the dose of 1 mg? kg -1 for seven consecutive days .Then the rats in model and riboflavin groups were carried out middle cerebral artery occlu-sion( MCAO) operation.After 24 h, all rats were sacri-ficed and the brain tissue was dissected to observe the infarct area, the edema and the ultrastructure damage . The brain tissue was dyed by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride .The brain edema was observed by the weight of ischemia-side semi-brain.The ultrastructure was ob-served by electron microscope .The in vitro experiments were processed in primary culture neurons by exposed to oxygen and glycose deprivation ( OGD) .The viability of neurons was assayed by MTT method .The enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase ( SOD) , catalase ( CAT)and glutathione peroxidase ( GSH-Px ) was assayed to explore the mechanism .Results Riboflavin signifi-cantly decreased the infarct area ( P<0.01 ) , inhibited the brain edema ( P <0.01 ) and inhibited the ultra-structure damage in rats after MCAO;riboflavin protec-ted the viability ( P <0.01 ) and the ultrastructure of neurons exposed to OGD .The enzyme activity of an-tioxidant SOD1 ( P <0.01 ) , CAT ( P <0.01 ) and GSH-Px ( P <0.01 ) was protected by riboflavin in MCAO model .No difference was found in the activity of SOD2 . Conclusion Riboflavin inhibits ischemia brain damage , and the protection of the activity of an-tioxidants is involved in the mechanism .

Efeito do manejo pré-abate sobre alguns parâmetros fisiológicos em fêmeas suínas pesadas / Effect of pre-slaughter management on physiological parameters of heavy-weight female pigs

O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do período de descanso (3, 5, 7 e 9 horas) dos suínos no frigorífico (PDF) e da localização dos suínos na carroceria do caminhão (PBO), quando transportados, no inverno ou verão, sobre alguns parâmetros fisiológicos avaliados em 64 fêmeas, com peso médio de 130kg para abate, durante o manejo pré-abate. Para a análise estatística, foram considerados, no modelo de análise da variância, os efeitos de bloco, PDF, PBO e da interação (bloco x PDF), entre outros. O PDF influenciou, significativamente, as concentrações de lactato no sangue e cortisol na saliva. Suínos que descansaram 5 e 7 horas apresentaram maior concentração de lactato em relação aos animais que descansaram 3 e 9 horas. No transporte, a freqüência cardíaca foi muito maior em relação aos demais locais avaliados. Concluiu-se que o incremento do PDF não promove mudanças na freqüência cardíaca, nas concentrações de glicose e CPK no sangue e cortisol na saliva, mas interfere na concentração de lactato no sangue dos suínos.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect of pig lairage time (PDF=3, 5, 7 and 9 hours) and evaluate the effect of pig position into the truck (PBO) during transportation to slaughterhouse, in winter or summer conditions, on some physiologic parameters evaluated on 64 heavyweight females with mean liveweight of 130kg during pre-slaughter events. The following effects were considered in the statistical analysis of variance model: block (BL=summer farm or winter farm), PDF, PBO and interaction (Block x PDF), under other factors. The PDF influenced significativelly blood lactate and saliva cortisol levels. Pig submitted to 5 and 7 hours of lairage had higher levels of lactate when compared to pigs submitted to 3 and 9 hours of lairage. During transport the heart rate were higher than in other pre-slaughter events. It is concluded that increasing PDF above 3 hours had no effects on heart frequency, glucose and CPK levels and salivary cortisol levels but affects the blood lactate levels.