Perfil e trajetória profissional de egressos de um curso de doutorado¹ / Profile and professional trajectory of graduates of a PhD program / Perfil y trayectoria profesional de los egresados de un curso de doctorado

Este estudo buscou investigar a trajetória profissional dos egressos do doutorado do Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicologia da UFMG. Analisou-se a trajetória profissional de 88 doutores dos sexos feminino (56) e masculino (32), com tempos de inserção profissional diferentes, formados entre 2012 e 2018. Usou-se o método de análise documental, com dados obtidos por meio do currículo Lattes e de outras fontes. Avaliaram-se o perfil acadêmico e profissional, a procedência e os destinos profissionais dos egressos. Os resultados apontam que, do total da amostra, 73 egressos (83%) trabalham como docentes de ensino superior público e privado. A quantidade de egressos atuando como docentes coincide com o que relata a literatura, mostrando que a universidade é a principal empregadora dos doutores.

The main objective of this research was to investigate the professional trajectory of the alumni who graduated from the Psychology Doctoral Program at UFMG. We analyzed the professional trajectory of 88 doctors (56 females and 32 males) who graduated from UFMG from 2012 to 2018. The methodology used was documentary analysis, with data obtained through the curriculum Lattes, LinkedIn, among others. This analysis aimed to examine the academic and professional profile of the doctors, origin, and professional destinations. The results showed that, of the total sample, 73 (83%) doctors currently work as teachers in public and private higher education institutions. Moreover, this finding is consistent with previous studies that pointed out that universities are the main employers of doctors.

Este estudio buscó indagar en la trayectoria profesional de los graduados de doctorado del programa de posgrado en Psicología de la UFMG. Se analizó la trayectoria profesional de 88 doctores (56 mujeres y 32 hombres) con diferentes tiempos de inserción, egresados entre 2012 y 2018. Se utilizó el método de análisis de documentos, con datos obtenidos a través del currículum Lattes, LinkedIn, entre otros. Se evaluó el perfil de los egresados, su procedencia y destinos profesionales. Los resultados mostraron que, de la muestra total, 73 egresados (83%) trabajan como profesores de educación superior pública y privada. El número de egresados que actúan como profesores coincide con la literatura, señalando que la universidad es el principal empleador de doctores.

Desempenho acadêmico de doutores egressos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas da Faculdade de Medicina da UFRGS / Academic performance of doctoral graduates from the Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences at UFRGS School of Medicine

Introdução: embora, no Brasil, muito tenha sido feito para estimular a criação e manutenção de programas de pós-graduação ainda há carência de meios para avaliar e para mensurar a evolução profissional dos egressos. O objetivo é compreender a trajetória dos Doutores formados pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Ciências Médicas (PPGCM), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) e propor um índice de desempenho acadêmico e de inserção profissional. Métodos: foi realizado um estudo transversal. Foram coletados dados dos Currículos Lattes dos egressos de doutorado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas (PPGCM), no período de 1987 a 2014. Foram extraídos apenas os dados pertinentes a sua origem, curso de graduação e de mestrado, produção intelectual, inserção acadêmica e a posição profissional. Resultados: foram analisados 324 doutores egressos, 221 eram graduados em Medicina. Foram utilizadas as variáveis: graduação em medicina, vínculo laboral em universidade pública, exerce atividade como orientador em nível de doutorado, exerce atividade como orientador em nível de mestrado, bolsista de produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq e possui registro do índice H no currículo Lattes. O coeficiente de determinação (R2) demonstrou que as variáveis incluídas no modelo explicam 99% do modelo hierárquico. Conclusão: os resultados demonstram que os egressos têm contribuído para a construção de conhecimento qualificado disseminado em jornais de circulação internacional, formação de recursos humanos, interagir e criar parcerias em seu ambiente de trabalho, gerenciar e repassar o conhecimento, bem como para fomentar o conhecimento na área das ciências médicas com relevância regional, nacional e internacional. (AU)

Introduction: Although, in Brazil, much has been done to encourage the creation and maintenance of graduate programs, there remains a lack of means to assess and measure the professional outcomes of graduates. The objective is to understand the trajectory of doctoral graduates from the Graduate Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences (PPGCM), School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), and propose an index for academic performance and professional placement. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. Data available at CV Lattes database of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) were collected on doctoral graduates from the PPGCM, from 1987 to 2014. Only data pertaining to their origin, undergraduate and master's degrees, intellectual output, academic performance, and professional placement were retrieved. Results: Data on 324 doctoral graduates were analyzed, 221 had graduated in medicine. Undergraduate degree, employment at a public university, working as a doctoral-level advisor, working as a master's-level advisor, CNPq research productivity grantee, and having a recorded h-index in the Lattes curriculum were collected. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) demonstrated that the variables included in the model explain 99% of the hierarchical model. Conclusion: The results show that the graduates have contributed to developing qualified knowledge disseminated in international newspapers, training human resources, interacting and creating partnerships in the workplace, managing and passing on knowledge, as well as fostering knowledge in the area of medical sciences with regional, national, and international relevance. (AU)

Predictors of female registered nurses’ interest in enrolling in master’s programs of nursing graduate schools in Japan / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: Enrollment in graduate schools presents a useful opportunity for registered nurses to enhance their expertise in their nursing field and gain better opportunities to achieve their desired career advancements. This study investigates the predictors associated with registered nurses’ interest in enrolling in master’s programs of nursing graduate schools.Materials and Methods: For the predictors associated with interest in enrolling in master’s programs of nursing science, we evaluated items related to registered nurses’ perceptions of their work environments and their impressions regarding master’s programs in nursing. The analyzed subjects were 3,611 female registered nurses working in 30 hospitals in Mie prefecture, Japan. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to investigate registered nurses’ predictors of interest in enrolling in master’s programs of nursing graduate schools. We included the variables with Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) less than (<) 2 in the statistical model.Results: Full-time nurses were more interested in enrolling in master’s programs than part-time nurses. Registered nurses who felt that they could keep up with courses in graduate schools, that they would be able to acquire skills to contribute to society, and that their colleagues were competent, showed stronger interest in master’s programs. Registered nurses who were under the impression that graduate school teachers were dedicated to their students showed lower interest in master’s programs. Registered nurses who felt that their superiors were competent and that they were expected to perform well by physicians also showed lower interest in master’s programs.Conclusion: Predictors significantly associated with registered nurses’ interest in enrolling in master’s programs of nursing graduate schools were determined. Further studies are required to gain a more detailed understanding of the nurses’ attitudes investigated.

A study on the Korean dental education system / 대한구강보건학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to propose criteria for evaluating the validity of dental education systems in Korea and suggest future directions for their improvement. METHODS: We looked into dental educational institutions and derived criteria for analysis and comparison of dental education systems in Korea. Using analytical methods, we compared the strengths and weaknesses of each education system, and suggested core areas of improvement. RESULTS: Considering the demands placed on the Korean dental education sector, it is desirable to have an integrated education system that includes the preliminary and main courses, comprehensive training linking the basic medicine and clinical practice, and complete career guidance. CONCLUSIONS: A good dental education system is one that meets the educational goals set by a dental school. If the goal is to train a student to be a good dental practitioner, a 2+4 or 4+4 system is recommended, while a 3+4 model is more suitable when the objective is to train students to be researchers.

Algumas contingências da produção acadêmica universitária: um estudo preliminar / Some contingencies of university academic production: a preliminary study / Algunas contingencias de la producción académica universitaria: un estudio preliminar

Considerando estudos que investigaram correlações positivas entre alta-produtividade acadêmica e problemas orgânicos e psicológicos, esta pesquisa, orientada pelos pressupostos teóricos da Análise do Comportamento, buscou caracterizar algumas contingências envolvidas na produção acadêmica universitária, priorizando os aspectos psicológicos/comportamentais (sentimentos, emoções, pensamentos) dessas relações. Participaram deste estudo, de cunho exploratório, três professores bolsistas produtividade em pesquisa do CNPq. Os resultados, obtidos por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, e discutidos segundo o método de interpretação analítico-comportamental, permitiram identificar contingências distintas que participaram da origem e da manutenção do comportamento de pesquisar. As condições que instalaram o comportamento de estudar eram predominantemente aversivas, marcadas pelo controle por regras e pelo sentimento de responsabilidade. Já o comportamento contemporâneo de pesquisar passou a ser controlado, de modo preponderante, pelas consequências naturais positivas dessa atividade, emergindo, nessas relações, sentimentos de prazer com respeito ao pesquisar. A despeito dessas condições, verificou-se também baixa autoestima e algumas consequências aversivas tardias em diferentes esferas da vida dos entrevistados, decorrentes de uma dedicação exclusiva à academia. Este estudo reitera a necessidade de se delinear caminhos alternativos a uma prática docente permeada por consequências aversivas imediatas ou em longo prazo, construindo condições mais libertárias no exercício da profissão...

Taking into consideration studies researching positive correlations between high academic productivity and organic and psychological problems, this research, guided by the Behavior Analysis theoretical background, meant to describe some contingencies concerning academic production, giving priority to the psychological/behavioral aspects (such as feelings, emotions and thoughts) of those relations. There were three participants in this study, of exploratory intent, all three being academic professors with productiveness scholarships granted by the CNPq. The results, obtained throughout a semistructured interview, and debated accordingly to the Behavior Analysis interpretation method, allowed the identification of different contingencies taking part in the origin and maintenance of the "behavior of researching". The conditions which installed the "behavior of studying" were prevalently of aversive nature, marked by rule control and the feeling of responsibility. On the other hand, the contemporary "behavior of researching" went on to be controlled, in a major way, by that activity's natural positive consequences, emerging, from those relations, feelings of delight or pleasure regarding researching. In spite of those conditions, the study also verified a low self-esteem and some delayed aversive consequences in different aspects of the interviewee's life, derived from an exclusive dedication towards the academy. This study reasserts the need to outline alternative ways to a lecturing practice pervaded by immediate or long-term aversive consequences, creating more libertarian conditions in the profession...

Considerando estudios que investigan correlaciones positivas entre alta-productividad académica y problemas orgánicos y psicológicos, esta investigación, orientada por el arsenal teórico del Análisis de la Conducta, buscó caracterizar algunas contingencias involucradas en la producción académica universitaria, priorizando los aspectos psicológicos/comportamentales (sentimientos, emociones, pensamientos) de esas relaciones. Participaron de este estudio, de carácter exploratorio, tres profesores bolsistas de productividad en investigaciones del CNPq. Los resultados, obtenidos por medio de una entrevista semi-estructurada, y discutidos según el método de interpretación analítico-comportamental, permitieron identificar contingencias distintas que participaron del origen y de la manutención de la conducta de investigar. Las condiciones que instalaron la conducta de estudiar eran predominantemente aversivas, marcadas por el control por reglas y por el sentimiento de responsabilidad. Ya la conducta contemporánea de investigar pasó a ser controlada, de modo preponderante, por consecuencias naturales positivas de esa actividad, emergiendo, en esas relaciones, sentimientos de placer con respecto al investigar. A despecho de esas condiciones, se verificó también baja autoestima y algunas consecuencias aversivas tardías en diferentes esferas de la vida de los entrevistados, decurrentes de una dedicación exclusiva a la academia. Este estudio reitera la necesidad de que se delineen vías alternativas a una práctica docente permeada por consecuencias aversivas inmediatas o a largo plazo, construyendo condiciones más libertarias en el ejercicio de la profesión...

Gender differences in preferences for mentoring styles and topics in academic medicine in Japan / 医学教育

Objective: To evaluate gender differences in mentee’s preference for mentoring styles and topics in academic medicine in Japan.<br>Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey of mentees at 6 graduate schools of medicine in Japan from December 2011 through January 2012. The study participants were 1700 Japanese-speaking graduate students and postdoctoral fellows. The primary outcome was the percentage of respondents who desired to be mentored with a particular style or topic.<br>Results: A total of 676 （227 women） mentees responded to the survey. Women were less likely than men to prefer a hierarchical mentoring relationship （men, 82%; women, 71%; p＝0.001） but were more likely to desire a mentor for career consultation （men, 51%; women, 64%; p＝0.001）. Women were more likely than men to want guidance in developing a research portfolio （men, 85%; women, 90%; p＝0.04）, in computer skills／statistical skills （men, 68%; women, 81%; p＝0.001）, and in long-term career planning （men, 38%; women, 50%; p＝0.003）.<br>Conclusion: Women mentees in Japan express different preferences for mentoring styles and topics from men. Mentors in Japan must take these differences into consideration.

The current status and future tasks of the prosthodontics curriculum in Korean dental schools and graduate dental schools / 대한치과보철학회지

PURPOSE: Prosthodontics education of Korean dental schools is developing under liberal regulation according to the character of each school. Diversity in the current environment and condition for each school make it impossible to apply the same and uniform education curriculum. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to analyze and validate the status of the 2012 prosthodontics education curriculum in Korean dental schools, and to suggest future direction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey was completed by all the 11 dental schools in South Korea. RESULTS: The number of students, age, sex, credits for prosthodontics lecture and practice courses, evaluation method before senior students' clinical practice, modalities for minimum requirement for graduation, beginning and finishing timing of clinical practice and faculty personnel involved in the education varied among the dental schools. CONCLUSION: High-quality educators leading an expanded teaching personnel are required, education hours must be increased and efficient curriculum must be organized to improve the prosthodontics education.

40 anos formando docentes e pesquisadores: a contribuição do programa de pós-graduação em psicologia da educação da PUC-SP / 40 years of formation of educators and researchers in the graduate level: the contribution of the program of educational psychology of PUC-SP - Brazil / 40 años de formación de educadores e investigadores en el nivel de postgrado: la contribución del programa de psicología de la educación de PUC-SP - Brasil

O texto apresenta reflexões sobre a experiência que tive como aluna da primeira turma de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Educação da PUC-SP. Como minha formação, em nível de Doutorado, também se deu nesse Programa, alongo-me em considerações que retratam aspectos desse período de estudos. Tenho a intenção de destacar as contribuições desse Programa para minha trajetória de docente e pesquisadora e evidenciar o quanto minha tese de Doutoramento, que apresenta a criação de um novo paradigma de avaliação - a Avaliação Emancipatória - tem tido repercussões importantes.

In this text I present reflections about the experience that I had as a student in the first Masters Course of the Post Graduate Program of Psychology of Education at the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUC-SP). As I also completed my Doctorate level qualifications within this Program I offer extensive considerations that outline aspects of this experience. I intend to highlight the contributions that this Program had in relation to my trajectory as a professor and a researcher and to demonstrate how my Doctorate thesis, which presents the creation of a new paradigm of evaluation, Emancipatory Evaluation, had important repercussions.

El artículo presenta reflexiones sobre la experiencia que tuve como estudiante en la primera clase del Programa de Maestría de Posgrado en Psicología de la Educación de la PUC / SP. Como mi formación, el doctorado, también se llevó a cabo en este programa, al detenerse en consideraciones que muestran aspectos de la formación. Tengo la intención de resaltar las contribuciones de este programa para mi carrera como profesor e investigador, y demostrar cómo mi tesis doctoral, que presenta la creación de un nuevo paradigma de la evaluación ha tenido importantes repercusiones.

De alveitares a veterinários: notas históricas sobre a medicina animal e a Escola Superior de Medicina Veterinária São Bento de Olinda, Pernambuco (1912-1926) / From animal medical practitioners to veterinarians: historical note on animal medicine and the São Bento de Olinda Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Pernambuco (1912-1926)

Os aspectos históricos da medicina animal, examinados mediante revisão de literatura indicam ruptura epistemológica, com as antigas práticas de alveitaria, com introdução dos princípios de racionalidade, a partir do século XVIII, na formação dos médicos-veterinários. Essas práticas curativas, entretanto, não começaram com a implementação dos cursos superiores de medicina animal. No Brasil colonial e particularmente em Pernambuco ocorrem registros históricos de práticas alveitares, mais tarde incorporadas ao currículo da Escola Superior de Medicina Veterinária São Bento de Olinda, pela existência de avaliação única no Brasil: o exame physicum.

Questionnaire survey on the development of education system for medical educationist in Japan / 医学教育

1) The committee for the graduate education of medical educationists, Japan Society for Medical Education, investigated needs for the education system of medical educationists.2) A questionnaire was sent to 1831 leaders in healthcare education and the society members, and 644 replied (recovery rate 35.2%). Fifty % of the respondents agreed the necessity of medical educationists. Certificate level was most popular, however, master and PhD degrees were also considered to be necessary. 3) These results support the establishment of educational system for medical educationists in Japan.

Development of education system for medical educationist in Japan: an introduction / 医学教育

1) Japan Society for Medical Education launched a committee for the graduate education of medical educationists in Japan. The committee proposed a direction toward establishing the system, by way of discussion among the members, needs assessment, information gathering of overseas master courses, and discussion at the open meeting.2) To promote medical education in Japan, we should establish 2 systems concurrently: (1) a graduate education for medical educationists who have a broad base of theories and can lead future medical education, and (2) a broader certificate system for medical teachers who have good practical teaching skills.

Graduate schools of medicine in Japan: The status and problems of researcher training / 医学教育

1) Common training for the introduction of research and the elective and individual guidance for research should be devised in a manner attractive to graduate students of medicine.<BR>2) To train researchers, a graduate school of clinical medicine should be established as a professional school, separate from an ordinary graduate school.<BR>3) To promote basic medical sciences, the capacity of graduate schools of basic medical sciences should be reduced despite the number of teachers and the bold plan for the financial support of students.

Surveillance on the attitude to the postgraduate degree in the graduates of Jichi Medical University / 医学教育

1) Surveillance on the attitude to the postgraduate degree was performed by a questionnaire in the graduates of Jichi Medical University, who were engaged in community medicine soon after graduating and had not so many opportunities to conduct medical research.<BR>2) More than a half of the respondents had obtained the postgraduate degree after the 9-year mandatory period of engagement as clinical physicians in the local communities.Among the respondents not having the postgraduate degree, 50-60% of them felt the need for the degree.<BR>3) The remarks of the degree holders indicated that objective assessment ability and the scientific point of view acquired in the degree process had favorable effects on their performance as clinicians thereafter. The result suggested that the substantialization of research in the field of clinical medicine was demanded in the graduate school.

Course to Researcher in Basic Medicine / 医学教育

1) For the future selection after 2-year primary clinical training program, most of the doctor do not desire to be a researcher in basic medicine as well as in public medicine.<BR>2) In order to educate medical students to experience the research with joy, curriculum for integrated laboratory practice and/or assignment to basic medical department may be a good candidate in poor situation.<BR>3) If a benefit to give favorable conditions to basic medical researcher may be legally provided, many residents assume attractive life in basic medicine.

An Inquiry into the Professional Graduate Medical School / 한국의학교육

The purpose of this study was to suggest the directions of improvement in medical education through analyzing the published reports about medical education system. In order to reach the purpose of this study, we gathered research reports since the PCER(Presidential Commission on Education Reform) had suggested the establishment of professional graduate school in 1996. The result of this study was as follows; First, all of the previous reseach reports pointed to necessary that medical education should be improved undergraduate medical education into professional graduate school. Second, enterance eligibility and flexibility of educational system were investigated for a long time by highly competent researchers, but they were exceedingly difficult to find any clue to their answer. Third, all of the previous reseach reports suggested to improvement of medical education curriculum. Fourth, autonamy and funds of medical school were emphasized to improve the medical education. On the basis of the above findings, the following conclusions were drawn. First, to improve medical education, especially to launch professional graduate medical school, is important the corporation and effort among the medical school and other organizations. Second, autonomy and funds of medical school should be guaranteed by a policy. Finally, the medical shcools should be aware of accountability and prepare for environment change of medical education.

The Present Condition and a Future Survey of Japanese Medical Graduate Schools (Master's Course) 1999 / 医学教育

To analyse the present condition and to survey Japanese medical graduate schools (Master's course), questionnaires were sent to all six universities in 1999. All the universities have the aim of, education of medical basic researchers, in common. This aim has high social needs. Four of the six universities also have the aim of, education of high grade specialists in the medical field. The number of applicants has increased for some national and public universities. For other universities, more public relations are necessary to increase the number of applicants. The social situation has altered, and finding employment has became difficult after completion of the course. It is therefore necessary to open new courses to match social needs. Buildings and equipment are not enough at present. As a result, a course for Master of Public Health will be established at Kyoto University.