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RESUMEN Introducción: La formación de los quistes de retención salival denominados mucocele y ránula se encuentran entre las afecciones de las glándulas salivales más frecuentes en edades pediátricas. Objetivo: Examinar los rasgos clínico e histopatológico de los quistes de retención salival. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retroprospectivo de corte trasversal de octubre de 2017 a septiembre de 2019 en 43 pacientes atendidos por consulta externa de maxilofacial del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario "William Soler Ledea" con confirmación histopatológica de quistes de retención salival. Las variables a medir fueron: edad, sexo, etiología, rasgos clínicos, localización y aspecto histopatológico. Resultados: El mucocele fue el diagnóstico en 83 % de los casos y las diferencias por sexo fueron significativas con afectación mayor para el sexo femenino, la etiología más frecuente fue el mordisqueo del labio con 48,8 %, la localización más frecuente el labio inferior con 72,0 %. Hubo relación significativa entre la etiología y las características histopatológicas. Conclusiones: El quiste de retención salival más frecuente es el mucocele con predominio en el sexo femenino, de aspecto nodular, tamaño menor de 5 mm; predominó la localización en el labio inferior y de causa por mordisqueo del labio. Histopatológicamente la ausencia de revestimiento epitelial y presencia de inflamatorio agudo es lo más frecuente.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The formation of salivary retention cysts called mucocele and granula are among the most frequent conditions of the salivary glands in pediatric ages. Objective: Assess the clinical and histopathological features of salivary retention cysts. Methods: A retroprospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from October 2017 to September 2019 in 43 patients with histopathological confirmation of salivary retention cysts attended by the maxillofacial outpatient clinic of "William Soler Ledea" University Pediatric Hospital. The variables to be measured were: age, sex, etiology, clinical features, location and histopathological appearance. Results: Mucocele was the diagnosis in 83.0% of the cases and the differences by sex were significant with greater involvement for the female sex, the most frequent etiology was the bite of the lip with 48.8%, and the most frequent location the lower lip with 72.0%. There was a significant relationship between the etiology and histopathological characteristics. Conclusions: The most frequent salivary retention cyst is the mucocele with predominance in the female sex, of nodular appearance, size less than five mm; there was a predominance of localization in the lower lip and caused by the bite of the lip; histopathologically, the absence of epithelial lining and presence of acute inflammation are the most frequent.
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Objective To optimize extraction process of Yinhuai Jiedu Granula.Methods On the basis of single factor experiments, effects of soaking time, solvent dosage and extracting time on contents of chlorogenic acid and total flavonoids were investigated by response surface methodology. HPLC was used to determine contents of chlorogenie acid and total flavonoids with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid for gradient elution (0–20 min, 13%A; 20–30 min, 13%–18%A; 30–55 min, 18%–20%A; 55–65 min, 20%–23%A) and detection wavelengthes of 327 nm and 256 nm for chlorogenic acid and total flavonoids respectively. Results Optimal extraction process was as following: soaked 60 minutes and extracted twice with 12 times the amount of water per time of 130 minutes. Concentrations of chlorogenic acid, rutin and baicalin were 51.497, 68.872, 25.763 μg/g respectively. The average extract yield was 33.105%. Conclusion The optimized extraction process is feasible and stable,which can provide data support for the further research on Yinhuaijiedu granula.
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Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different dosages of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid (PXOL) in treatment of infantile acute pharyngitis-tonsillitis with lung-stomach excess-heat syndrome. Methods: A randomized controlled, double-blind, positive drug parallel controlled, and multi-center clinical trial was conducted. Totally 324 children from seven research centers were included, 108 cases in experimental high dose group (A Group), 108 cases in experimental low dose group (B Group), 54 cases in positive medicine group (Xiaoer yanbian Granula, C Group), and 54 cases in placebo group (D Group), with the ratios of 2:2:1:1.5 in a course. Results: (1) Totally 317 cases were in full analysis set (FAS), 284 cases in per-protocol set (PPS) and 324 cases in Safety Set (SS). (2) Evaluation on effectiveness: There was significant difference (P<0.001) between each two groups in the total effective rate of pharyngalgia and pharyngeal swelling. A Group and B Group were both superior to D Group, and were non-inferior to C Group. B Group was non-inferior to A Group. There was significant difference (P<0.001) between each two groups in total effective rate of syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between each two groups in the median time of improving pharyngalgia syndrome. There was significant difference (P<0.001) between each two groups in the median time of pharyngalgia syndrome disappearing. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between each two groups in total effective rate of halitosis, cough, thirst, deep-colored urine, and dry stool. The analysis on PPS agrees with that of FAS. (3) Evaluation on safety: No adverse reactions in clinical significant laboratory examination were found during the trial. Conclusion: High and low dosages of PXOL show advantages over placebo and are non-inferior to the positive medicine Xiaoer Yanbian Granula. High dose group does not show advantage comparing with low dose group. No adverse reactions are found during the trial. Low dose therapy is recommended.
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Objective To optimize the processing parameters for the extraction of chlorogenic acid in Fule Granula by Box-Behnken experimental design.Methods The content of chlorogenic acid in Fule Granula was determination.The separation was performed on a Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C18 column(4.6 mm ×250 mm, 5 μm), and column temperature 30 ℃.Aetonitrile-0.2% H3PO4 was used as the mobile phase.The detection wavelength was at 327 nm.A three-factor and three-level Box-Behnken experimental design was employed to investigate effects of extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and extraction times on composite score of extracting amount of chlorogenic acid.Results Optimum process conditions were as follows:12 times the amount of water extracted three times, each time 60 min; chlorogenic acid extraction rate of 3.379%.Conclusion This optimized extraction technology has good predictability by Box-Behnken experimental design, and overall desirability, it provides a reference for application of Fule Granula.
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Objective To investigate the effect of Yangyinqingfei granula on immune function in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia complicated with Epstein-Barr virus of children.Methods 108 mycoplasma pneumonia complicated with Epstein-Barr virus of children from our hospital were selected and randomly divided into two groups.The control group of 54 cases were treated by simple western medicine treatment and the experimental group of 54 cases were treated on the basis of the control group with Yangyinqingfei granula.The improvement of clinical symptoms, inflammation indexes and the levels of T lymphocyte subsets, clinical efficacy and complications were compared.Results The clinical efficacy in experimental group was 90.74%,which was significant higher than that in control group 75.93%(P <0.05).Compared with the control group,the remission duration of fever, cough and rales,the disappearance time of lung X-ray,the length of stay were shorter(P<0.05), the CRP,IL-6,TNF-αand IL-8 levels were lower ( P <0.05 ) , the CD3 +, CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 + and NK levels were higher, the CD8 +level was lower ( P <0.05 ) . Conclusion Yangyinqingfei granula could reduce the inflammatory factors and improve immune function in the treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia complicated with Epstein Barr virus infection pneumonia in children.
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Objective To evaluate the molluscicidal effect of niclosamide ethanolamine salt powder?granula(PG)against Oncomelania hupensis. Methods The molluscicidal experiment was carried out by the dusting method with niclosamide etha?nolamine salt 4%PG. The experiments were respectively done in the laboratory and the tidal flats wetlands. At the same time , the niclosamide ethanolamine salt 4%dustable powder(DP)was as the control group. The single blind method was used for the quality control. The corrected mortality and the median lethal concentration(LC50)were compared between PG and DP in the molluscicidal experiment of the laboratory. The corrected mortality and the reduced rate of snails’density were compared be?tween PG and DP in the tidal flats wetlands. Results The mortality rates of the snails were 96.67%and 100%respectively on 1 d after dusting 4.0 g/m2 of 4% PG and 2.0 g/m2 of 4% DP in the laboratory. The results showed that the mortality rates of the snails were higher with 4%DP than 4%PG in each dosage(t1 d=3.60,P0.05). Conclusions 4%PG has both the adsorption of powder and the penetrability of the granules. The molluscicidal effects of 4%PG and 4%DP are almost the same. However,the drift of the powder was still not effectively controlled. This problem need to be further studied.
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Objective: To investigate the protective effects of Danshen Formula Granula (DFG) against the damage of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells induced by alcohol. Methods: PC12 cells were treated with alcohol and DFG at different concentration. The survival rates of PC12 cells were measured by MTT method and the protective effects of DFG against the damage of PC12 cells induced by alcohol were evaluated using the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage assays (P < 0.05). The apoptosis rates in PC12 cells were examined by TUNEL and Annexin V/PI label staining (P < 0.05). The antioxidant mechanism was assayed by detecting the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxide enzyme (GSH-Px), and the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) (P < 0.05) were detected by DCFH-DA staining method. Results: DFG could reduce the damage of PC12 cells induced by alcohol and significantly decrease the apoptosis rate induced by alcoholic damage in PC12 cells (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, DFG could increase the activity of T-SOD, GSH-Px, while CAT, the amounts of MDA, and intracellular ROS were decreased. Conclusion: DFG has the effective protection against the damaged PC12 cells induced by alcohol. The mechanism may be involved in increasing the cell anti-oxidative function.
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Objective To establish the standard for quality control ofQingyan Granule. Methods The chief components of the preparation, Sophora Tonkinensis radix et rhizoma, Adenophorae radix, Lonicera japonica caulis, and Ophiopogonis radix were identified by TLC qualitatively. The contents of licorice glycosides and glycyrrhizic acid were determined by HPLC. The separation was performed on Thermo Syncronis C18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm) with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile with 0.05% phosphoric acid solution (A)-0.05% phosphoric acid solution (B), and gradient elution (0-8 min, 19%A;8-35 min, 19%→50%A). Detection wavelength was 237 nm, and flow rate was 1 mL/min.Results The spots in TLC were clear. There were spots with same color on the corresponding location of reference substance and reference herbal, negative control without interference. The linear range for licorice glycosides was 0.05-0.5μg (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 99.97%, RSD=1.74% (n=9). The linear range for glycyrrhizic acid was 0.1-2μg (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 99.74%, RSD=1.28% (n=9). Conclusion The method is simple, accurate, with high reproducibility, which can be used for quality control ofQingyan Granule.
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Objective To study the chronic toxicology of Zukamu granules in rats. Methods A total of 120 healthy SD rats ( male female = 1 1 ) were randomly divided into the control, low ( 0. 72 g · kg-1 · d-1 ), middle (1.43 g·kg-1·d-1),and high (2.86 g·kg-1·d-1) doses of Zukamu granules. The drug was given orally,once daily for a month,and the controls were given with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. A 2-week recovery period was allowed after the drug withdrawal. Results Three rats in the high dose group developed diarrhea and loose stools for one day. Compared with the control group,the white blood cells ( WBC) ,red blood cells ( RBC) ,hemoglobin ( HGB) ,hematocrit ( HCT) and chlorine ( Cl-) in the high dose group increased. Prothrombin time ( PT ) , blood urea nitrogen ( BUN ) , alanine aminotransferase ( ALT ) , cholesterol(CHO),and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased markededly in the low,middle and high dose group. No obvious change was found in histopathological examination. Conclusion No obvious toxicity was observed in SD rats treated with Zukamu granules at 1. 4g·kg-1·d-1(equivalently to crude drug of 20. 8 g·kg-1·d-1) given orally for one month.
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Objective To develop an HPLC method for determination of paeoniflorin in Fufang Chishao Granula. Methods The separation was performed on a Waters C18 column (250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5μm) with acetonitrile-water (30∶70) as the mobile phase at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 230 nm. Results Paeoniflorin showed good linearity (r=0.999 9) in the range of 0.266-5.32 μg, and the average recovery was 98.00%, RSD=2.22%. Conclusion The method is convenient, sensitive, accurate and repeatable. It can be applied to determination of paeoniflorin in Fufang Chishao Granula and control the quality of the preparation.
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Objective To assess the anti-arrhythmic activity and cardioprotective effects of Wenxin Granula, a traditional Chinese formula (consisting of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Polygonati Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, and Succinum), on heart in ischemic-induced myocardial infarction (MI) rats and compare with those of Amiodarone which have been demonstrated in clinic. Methods Rats were randomly divided into Sham-operated (control), Ml + Amiodarone [5 mg/(kg·d)] (MI), and MI + Wenxin Granula [10 mg/(kg·d)] groups and left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in each group. After left anterior descending for 12 h, standard lead Ⅱ of administration electrocardiogram was recorded in order to analyze the occurrence of arrhythmia. After one month, the size of the infarct area of heart was evaluated by TTC staining method and haemodynamic function was assessed to detect the heart function. Laser scanning confocal microscope and the technique of patch clamp were used to detect the intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]j) and L-type calcium current (ICa-L), respectively. Results Both Wenxin Granula [10 mg/(kg·d)] and Amiodarone [5 mg/(kg·d)] could markedly decrease the incidence of arrhythmia in heart of rats which were subjected to ischemic injury. After one month, Wenxin Granula could significantly decrease mortality to 22.22% and reduce the infarct area (P < 0.05), but Amiodarone did not. The mechanism may involve that Wenxin Granula attenuated [Ca2+]j decreasing in MI rats. Additionally, Wenxin Granula could obviously ameliorate the impaired heart function of MI rats by decreasing the elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and increasing the attenuated maximum change velocity of left ventricular pressure in the isovolumic contraction or relaxation period. On the other hand, electrophysiological experiment results revealed that Wenxin Granula administration one month later also increased the reduced ICa-L density in rat ventricular myocytes in MI rats. The results of LSCM showed that Wenxin Granula could recover the amplitude of [Ca2+]j decreased by heart failure during long term. Conclusion Wenxin Granula could not only inhibit the incidence of arrhythmia but also decrease the mortality, which was accompanied by recovering the amplitude of [Ca2+]j. This protective effect of Wenxin Granula may partially be mediated through changing ICa-L.as well as increasing [Ca2+]j.
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Objective: To establish a method for the quality control of Deng's Herbal Tea Granula. Methods: An HPLC method was developed to establish the fingerprint of Deng's Herbal Tea Granula methanol extract and 11 samples from various batches were analyzed. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate pattern recognition. Results: The similarity among 11 batches of samples was no less than 0.95. The PCA showed that 16 common peaks were integrated into three principal components and their accumulation contributing rate amounted to 91.89%. The relative peak area of isochlorogenic acid B was the most effective index in fingerprint of Deng's Herbal Tea Granula. Conclusion: This method is available for the quality evaluation and quality control of Deng's Herbal Tea Granula.
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Objective: To compare the bioactivities of Taohua anti-diarrhea granula prepared by two different methods based on biothermo-kinetics study. Methods: The coarse and fine powder preparations of Taohua decoction were prepared. Microcalorimetry was used to obtain the metabolic curves and biothermo-kinetic parameters of Escherichia coli (E. coli) growth after treated by the two preparations to evaluate their bioactivities. Results: The values of growth rate constant k and maximum heat-out power Pm declined with the concentration increase of the 2 preparations; meanwhile, the values of peak time of the highest peak tm and growth inhibitory ratio I increased with the concentration increase of the two preparations. The results showed that the growth of E. coli was inhibited and the inhibitory effect was strengthened with the concentration increase of the two preparations. The IC50 was 35.9 mg/ ml for the coarse powder preparation and 31.4 mg/ml for the fine powder preparation. Aggregate analysis of the metabolic curves and biothermo-kinetic parameters of E. coli indicated that the fine powder preparation of Toohua decoction had stronger inhibitory action against E. coli growth than the traditional coarse powder preparation. Conclusion: Microcalorimetry can be used to examine the bioactivity differences of the fine and coarse preparations of Taohua decoction. Superfine comminution may increase the inhibitory action of Taohua decoction.
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Objective To establish a method for the determination of gastrodin in Tianyuan Granula. Methods The sample was refluxed with methanol, then eluted with 80 % ethanol through the alumina column(neutral). The chromato-graphic conditions were as follows: Diamonsil Cts chromatographic column(250 mm ×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0. 15 % phosphoric acid (1 : 99), the detection wavelength being at 220 nm and the flow rate be-good (r=0.9999 95, n=7).The average recovery was 99.09 % and RSD=1. 50 % (n=6). Conclusion The method for determination of gastrodin in Tianyuan Granula is accurate, and with a good reproducibility.
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Objective To optimize the preparation process of Tangzu Granula. Methods With the paste-forming rate and total content of paeoniflorin as the indexes, the optimal water-extraction condition was screened by orthogonal design. With hydroscopicity, fluidity and formability as the indexes, the appropriate ratio of the excipient and the formula were selected. Results The optimum water-extraction condition was as follows: 10-fold water, decoction for 2 times and 1.5 hour for each time. The optimal ratio of the excipient and the formula for preparation of Tangzu granules were two proportions of the extract and three proportions of the excipient which consisted of lactose and dextrin(2 : 1, w/ w). Conclusion The technology is effec-tive, scientific, reasonable, and practical.
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OBJECTIVE: To determine Ginsenoside Rg1,Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rb1 in Yixin fumai granula by HPLC.METHODS: Samples were determined on a Diamond C18(150 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m).The mobile phase consisted of accetonitrile-water by gradient elution with flow rate at 1 mL?min-1,UV detection wavelength at 203 nm,column temperature at 25 ℃ and sample size at 10 ?L.RESULTS: The linear ranges of Ginsenoside Rg1,Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rb1 were 0.645～6.450 ?g(r=0.999 8),0.54～5.40 ?g(r=0.999 7) and 0.605～6.050 ?g(r=0.999 9),respectively;the average recoveries were 100.59%(RSD=2.03%),98.70%(RSD=1.46%)and 98.99%(RSD=1.19%),respectively.CONCLUSION: The method is sensitive,simple and accurate,and it can be used for the quality control of Yixin fumai granula.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy of the formula granula of Siwu decoction for pubertal dysfunctional uterine bleeding.METHODS:A total of 204 pubertal dysfunctional uterine bleeding cases were randomly assigned to receive formula granula of Siwu decoction(n=109,trial group) or western medicine(n=95,control group).RESULTS:The trial group showed higher total effective rate than in the control group,showing significant differences between the two groups(P
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Objective: To observe the effect of representative formula of nourishing yin and invigorating the kidney(Liuweidihuang Granula) cooperating with Flixotide aerosol inhalation on the allergic airway inflammation of asthma rat models.Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups.Except the norma1 control group,all the other 5 groups were sensitized by injecting into the abdominal cavity of the ovalbumin(OVA) together with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvants,2 weeks later followed by aerosolized OVA challenge to prepare the asthma models.From the eighth day of the experiment,in medication administration teams, rats were sprayed with Flixotide aerosol and given intragastric administration with Liuweidihuang Granula.The normal control group and the asthma model group were drenched with normal saline.Results: There was no difference between the groups given Liuweidihuang Granula and different dosages of Flixotide aerosol but the amount of IFN-? and IFN-?/IL-4 in BALF in the Liuweidihuang Granula cooperating with Flixotide aerosol group were higher than that in the model group(P
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Objective To study the clinical effects and changes in immune index of treating reoccurring respiratory tract infection in children by combining zinc gluconate granula and decoction of four mild drugs.Methods 135 RRI children patients were randomly divided into treatment group which has 68 cases and control group which has 67 cases.The control group are given regular western anti-infection treatment while the treatment group are given,in addition to that,zinc gluconate granule and decoction of four mild drug.Both groups are observed for 3months and then compare the effects and changes of IgG、IgA、IgM before and after the treatment.Results 48 out of 68 cases in treatment group have results of excellence,15 cases have effects and 5 cases show no effects,so the effective rate is 92.64%;While 33 out of 67 cases in control group have results of excellence,10 cases have effects and 24 cases show no effects,so the effective rate is 64.18%.Comparing these two groups,the treatment group gets better effects than the control group(P
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Objective To investigate the effect of the Pingshen Tongluo Jiangya granula on the blood pressure and RAS of spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Methods SHR were randomly divided into model group, high dosage group, lower dosage group and captopril group, with normal Wistar rats as control group. Different dosage of Pingshen Tongluo Jiangya granula, captopril and water wes given orally to the rats at the same time of a day for 8 weeks. Blood pressure, AngⅠ, AngⅡ and ALD were determined respectively before treatment and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 week. Results After eight weeks, the blood pressure of high dosage of Pingshen Tongluo Jiangya granula group had stepped down obviously (P 0.05). It shows that the granula could decrease blood pressure, inhibit the activity of RAS caused by high blood pressure. Conclusion The granula can decrease blood pressure smoothly and steadily, as well as reverse early stage of renal damage caused by high blood pressure.